American University of Ras Al Khaimah

ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE - REDEFINED

Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering

CIEN 421 – Steel Design
Fall 2020

Term Project
Deliverable 1

Submitted to: Dr. Roz-Ud-Din Nassar

Submitted by Abdullah Lajam, Adam Joshua, Suhib Rami and Mohammed

Mahdi

Dated: 11/25/20

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Contents

1.Introduction of the project – Page 3

2. Methodology used in the project - Page 4

3. Loads and load cases - Page 5

4. Sections / Material Properties - Page 6

5. Type of the frame developed for analysis - Page 7

6. Snapshot - Page 8, 9

7. Software Analysis - Page 9 -15

8. Long Hand Calculations - Page 16 - 19

9. Contributions - Page 20

10. References - Page 20

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 1.Introduction

Steel Structures in general are the main skeleton of a building that helps in balancing forces and
keeping people safe from wind loads as well as from other disasters that can be caused due to
human error. It is very important to analyze the structure without any error and by analyzing
structures it helps in reducing cost of materials as well as helps in saving spaces for example by
using precise calculations,

There are a lot of factors that affect steel structures and they are different type of loads
such as live load, roof load and other external forces such as moment, strength, buckling and
much more.

In the following project, we will be designing structure for school building situated at Sharjah

Figure 1 Steel Structures in Real Environment

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2.Methodology

In the following Project, at first, we would find the wind load by finding the wind velocity and
then converting it into pressure, then we would analyze the structure in a digital program called
CSI Etabs which is being widely used in the industry for a decade.

Using the given software, we would bring in the structure and apply properties based on
US customary units along with codes that comply to AISC, Gridlines are being used for
organizing the structure on x and y axis and then add in the necessary stories that is based on
our given project conditions after applying the required codes and following the procedures ,
Find the loads that is used for the analysis and then we would define the material properties.

After doing all these procedures we would then bring in calculations based on certain
assumed values along with our previous knowledge and with our digital analysis result and
come up with a conclusion based on our observation.

Figure 2 : Etabs User Interface

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 3.Summary of loads and load cases: -

For the first floor we will have the 3 different loads:-

Dead load is mentioned in the project approach = 80psf

Live load from the table 1.4 of the structural analysis lecture slides :

Figure 3 Minimum Live Load Table

Classroom= 40psf

Corridors= 100psf

Since we do not have interior section, so we will be using the live load as 100psf.

For the rest of the floors , live load will be written as 80psf and for roof live load , it will be
written as 25psf

The maximum wind speed recorded for the time period 2013-2019 by the National Center of
Meteorology = 70.6km/h which will be converted to mi/h to be = 43.84mi/h. The direction is no
mentioned so we will be assuming it as from north to south passed on some other winds hit the
same spot. The wind speed was recorded in a station beside Ajman offshore.

The pressure of wind is calculated by the formula 𝑞𝑧 (𝑝𝑠𝑓) = 0.00256 𝐾𝑧 𝐾𝑧𝑡 𝐾𝑑 𝑉 2 . Where Kz
is the “velocity pressure exposure coefficient. This one is a function of height and depends upon
the ground terrain”(CIEN311 lecture slides) which can be found in the table 1-5. Kzt is “a factor
that accounts for wind speed increases due hills and escarpments. Flat ground Kzt as 1”(CIEN311

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lecture slides). Kd is “a factor that accounts for the direction of the wind . It’s used only when
the structure is subjected to combinations of loads. For wind acting alone Kd is 1”(CIEN311
lecture slides).

Kz is found by the table: from the ASCE 7 tables

Figure 4 Kz Factor Table

Figure 4

For our structure the height is 61ft but it will be taken as 60ft for now. K z= 1.13.

Kzt = 0.85 due to it is a main wind forces resisting system.

Kd = 1.15.

𝑞𝑧 = 0.00256 ∗ 1.13 ∗ 0.85 ∗ 1.15 ∗ (43.87)2 = 5.442 𝑝𝑠𝑓.

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4.Loads and Load Cases
for this project , We will be using A992 type of steel which have 50 ksi of the yield steel strength
is going to be used, and that is for the beams, columns, and the trusses of the section

Here is some assumption of the steel properties

Figure 5 : Material Property Data Table

1- Modulus of elasticity = 29,000,000 psi

2- Weight per unit volume = 450 lb/ft^3
3- Poisson’s rate = 0.3
4- For the beams = W12 section
5- For the Columns = W14 section
6- For trusses = W8 section

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 5.Type of Frame Used in the Project
Since we are required to analyze and design a steel structure we used Rigid Frame
System because it can resist the deformation, A rigid frame is capable of resisting both vertical
and lateral loads by the bending of beams and columns.

In this project we will use Portal Frame, For Portal Frame there are two types,
Pined/Hinged Supports and Fixed/moment supports. In the North-South the connections will be
Pined/Hinged Supports, In the West-East the connections will be Fixed/moment Supports, for
elevation all members will be Pined/Hinged Supports.

6.Snapshots (Basic Structure )

Figure 7 Diagonal View

Figure 6 Top View

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 Figure 8 Side View

7.Software Analysis

As we have mentioned earlier, the software analysis was purely done by the help of etabs and
using this software we found various diagrams such as Axial force diagram, Shear diagram,
deformed shape and much more.

In the software, we have done 2 analysis :-

a) Structure without roof ( we took the roof as a normal story )

b) Structure with Roof

a) For Structure without roof

We did this analysis even before the one that we

did for roof

Figure 9: No Roof Deformed Shape

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Axial Diagram for No Roof structure

Figure 10: Axial Digram for 3D

Figure 11: 2D representation of Axial Force

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b) Structure with Roof
Section Properties - We got the section properties using the mentioned loads as well as
given dimensions

Figure 12: Section properties - Elevation View 2

Figure 13 : Section Properties - Side View

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Axial Force Diagram :-

Figure 15: Axial Force diagram for structure with

Roof

Figure 14: Axial Diagram along the side

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Moment Diagram :-

Figure 16: Moment Diagram in 3D plane

Figure 17: Moment Diagram in 2D - Side View

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Shear Diagram :-

Figure 18 : Shear in 3D plane

Figure 19 Shear in 2D

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Deformed Shape

Figure 20: Deformed Shape in 3D Plane

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8.Long Hand Calculation

Beams
We used 2 kind of beams within the same structure 1) Primary Beam and the beam inside called
2) Secondary Beam.

Secondary edge beams design:

𝐿 = 40 𝑓𝑡 𝐷 = 80 𝑝𝑠𝑓 𝐿 = 100 𝑝𝑠𝑓 𝐹𝑦 = 50 𝐾𝑠𝑖

𝐷𝑙 = 80𝑝𝑠𝑓 × 15𝑓𝑡 = 1200 𝑙𝑏⁄𝑓𝑡

𝐿𝑙 = 100𝑝𝑠𝑓 × 15𝑓𝑡 = 1500 𝑙𝑏⁄𝑓𝑡

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 × 1.2 + 1.6 × 1.5 = 3.84 𝑘/𝑓𝑡

𝑤𝑙 2 3.84(40)2
𝑀𝑢 = = = 768 𝐾 − 𝑓𝑡
8 8

From the table3-2 (3-24) W24 × 84 ∅𝑏 𝑀𝑝 = 840 𝑘 − 𝑓𝑡 𝐼𝑥 = 2370 𝑖𝑛4

Check from the maximum deflection at service dead load

1.5
5× ×(40×12) 4 𝐿 40×12
12
∆= 384×29000×2370 = 1.257 𝑖𝑛 < 360 = 360

OK

Secondary interior beams design:

𝐿 = 40 𝑓𝑡 𝐷 = 80 𝑝𝑠𝑓 𝐿 = 100 𝑝𝑠𝑓

𝐷𝑙 = 80𝑝𝑠𝑓 × 30𝑓𝑡 = 2.4 𝐾⁄𝑓𝑡

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𝐿𝑙 = 100𝑝𝑠𝑓 × 30𝑓𝑡 = 3 𝐾⁄𝑓𝑡

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 × 2.4 + 1.6 × 3 = 7.68 𝐾/𝑓𝑡

𝑤𝑙 2 7.68(40)2
𝑀𝑢 = = = 1536 𝐾 − 𝑓𝑡
8 8

Table 3-2 (3-23) W33 × 118 ∅𝑏 𝑀𝑝 = 1560 𝑘 − 𝑓𝑡 𝐼𝑥 = 5900 𝑖𝑛4

Check for bending moment:

(1.2 × 2.532 + 1.6 × 3)(40)2

𝑀𝑢 = = 1567.68 𝑘 − 𝑓𝑡 < 1640 𝑂𝐾
8

Check for maximum deflection at service load :

3
5 × 12 × (40 × 12)4 𝐿
∆= = 1.033 𝑖𝑛 < = 1.33𝑖𝑛 𝑂𝐾
384 × 29000 × 5770 360

Primary edge beams design

𝐷𝑙 = 80𝑝𝑠𝑓 × 20𝑓𝑡 = 1.6 𝐾⁄𝑓𝑡

𝐿𝑙 = 100𝑝𝑠𝑓 × 20𝑓𝑡 = 2 𝐾⁄𝑓𝑡

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 × 1.6 + 1.6 × 2 = 5.12 𝐾/𝑓𝑡

𝑤𝑙 2 5.12(30)2
𝑀𝑢 = = = 576 𝐾 − 𝑓𝑡
8 8

From the table3-2 (3-24) W27 × 84 ∅𝑏 𝑀𝑝 = 609 𝑘 − 𝑓𝑡 𝐼𝑥 = 2850 𝑖𝑛4

Check for bending moment:

(1.2×1.684+1.6×2)(30)2
𝑀𝑢 = = 587.3𝑘 − 𝑓𝑡 < 609 𝑂𝐾
8

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Check for the maximum deflection at the service load :

2
5× × (30 × 12)4 𝐿
∆= 12 = 0.441 𝑖𝑛 < = 1𝑖𝑛 𝑂𝐾
384 × 29000 × 2850 360

Primary interior beams design

𝐷𝑙 = 80𝑝𝑠𝑓 × 40𝑓𝑡 = 3.2 𝐾⁄𝑓𝑡

𝐿𝑙 = 100𝑝𝑠𝑓 × 20𝑓𝑡 = 4 𝐾⁄𝑓𝑡

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 × 3.2 + 1.6 × 4 = 10. .24 𝐾/𝑓𝑡

𝑤𝑙 2 10. .24(30)2
𝑀𝑢 = = = 1152 𝐾 − 𝑓𝑡
8 8

From the table3-2 (3-23) W30 × 108 ∅𝑏 𝑀𝑝 = 1300 𝑘 − 𝑓𝑡 𝐼𝑥 = 4470 𝑖𝑛4

Check for bending moment:

(10.24)(30)2
𝑀𝑢 = = 1166.58 𝑘 − 𝑓𝑡 < 1300 𝑘 − 𝑓𝑡 𝑂𝐾
8

Check for the maximum deflection at the service load:

4
5× ×(30×12) 4 𝐿
12
∆= 384×29000×4470 = 0.56 𝑖𝑛 < 360 = 1𝑖𝑛 𝑂𝐾

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Interior Column of the fourth story:

𝑊𝑢 = 1.2 ∗ 0.7 + 1.6 ∗ 25 + 0.5 ∗ 5.454 = 43.567𝑝𝑠𝑓

𝑃𝑢 = 43.567 ∗ (31.62 ∗ 40) = 55.1035 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠

𝑙𝑏
𝑃𝑢 = 100 ∗ 30𝑓𝑡 = 3𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝑃𝑢 = 58.1𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝑓𝑡

𝐿𝑥 𝐾𝑥 = 12 ∗ 1 = 12𝑓𝑡

W8*31 ∅𝑐 𝑃𝑛 = 283 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 > 58.1𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝑂𝑘

𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑔 = 9.13𝑖𝑛2 𝑟𝑥 = 3.47 𝑟𝑦 = 2.022 𝐾𝐿𝑒𝑞 = 6.7𝑓𝑡

Story 3:

𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 ∗ (58.1 + 0.031 ∗ 12 + 0.080 ∗ 30 ∗ 40 + 30 ∗ 0.108) + 1.6 ∗ (0.1 ∗ 30 ∗ 40)

= 381.2544 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠

For this one W8*48= 447kips > 381.2544Kips Ok

𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑔 = 14.1𝑖𝑛2 𝑟𝑥 = 3.61 𝑟𝑦 = 2.08 𝐾𝐿𝑒𝑞 = 6.9𝑓𝑡

Story 2:

𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 ∗ (381.2544 + 0.031 ∗ 12 + 0.080 ∗ 30 ∗ 40 + 30 ∗ 0.108) + 1.6 ∗ (0.1 ∗ 30 ∗ 40)

= 769.04 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠

W10*77=816> 769.04Kips Ok

𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑔 = 22.7𝑖𝑛2 𝑟𝑥 = 4.49 𝑟𝑦 = 2.6 𝐾𝐿𝑒𝑞 = 6.95𝑓𝑡

First story

𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 ∗ (769.04 + 0.031 ∗ 12 + 0.080 ∗ 30 ∗ 40 + 30 ∗ 0.108) + 1.6 ∗ (0.1 ∗ 30 ∗ 40)

= 1234.4 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠

W12*136= 1420 > 1234.4 Kips Ok

𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑔 = 39.9𝑖𝑛2 𝑟𝑥 = 5.58 𝑟𝑦 = 3.16 𝐾𝐿𝑒𝑞 = 8.5𝑓𝑡

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Contributions
Suhib – Wind load and Long Hand Calculations
Adam – Software Analysis and Report
Abdullah – Software Analysis and Report
Mahdi – Long hand Calculations

References
“Climate Yearly Report 2003-2019.” ‫ المركز الوطني لألرصاد‬- ‫وزارة شؤون الرئاسة‬, Ministry of
Presidential Affairs , www.ncm.ae/en/climate-reports-yearly.html?id=386.
Nassar, Roz Uddin. “Structural Analysis.” BlackBoard, American University Ras Al Khaimah.
“Steel Structure Design in ETABS.” YouTube, Engineering Learning Platform, 14 Apr. 2020,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKUGvpkkCIE&feature=youtu.be
Nassar, Roz Uddin. “Structural Steel Design.” BlackBoard Collaborate Ultra, American
University Ras Al Khaimah, eu.bbcollab.com/collab/ui/session/playback.

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