2

Section A

Answer all questions in this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a plant cell before and after being placed in a concentrated salt solution.

before after

Fig. 1.1

(a) With reference to named parts of the cell, describe changes in the appearance of the cell
after being placed in the concentrated salt solution.

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(b) Explain how the changes you have described in (a) have occurred.

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[Total: 6]

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2 Table 2.1 shows the volume of blood supplied to parts of the body at rest and during strenuous
exercise.

Table 2.1

volume of blood supplied in cm3 / min

part of body during strenuous
at rest
exercise

brain 750 750

heart 250 750

skeletal muscle 1200 12500

skin 500 1900

kidneys 1100 ....................

digestive organs 1400 600

other 600 400

Total 5800 17500

(a) (i) Calculate the volume of blood that is supplied to the brain at rest as a percentage of the
total supplied to the whole body.

Show your working in the space below.

...................................................... % [2]

(ii) Name the blood vessels that supply each kidney with blood.

............................................................ [1]

(iii) Using the information in Table 2.1, calculate the volume of blood supplied to the kidneys
during strenuous exercise.

Write your answer in the space provided in Table 2.1. [1]

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(b) Use the information in Table 2.1 to name two parts of the body that have an increased supply
of blood during strenuous exercise.

Explain the advantage to the body of increasing the supply of blood to each of the parts you
name.

name of part .........................................................

advantage ..............................................................................................................................

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name of part .........................................................

advantage ..............................................................................................................................

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(c) Using the information in Table 2.1, suggest why eating immediately before exercise is not
recommended.

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[Total: 10]

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Section B

Answer both questions in this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.

6 (a) Explain why most foods must be digested.

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(b) Describe the digestion of fats.

You should include reference to the following in your answer:

• named regions of the alimentary canal and associated organs

• named chemicals, including the end products of fat digestion.

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[Total: 10]
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4 The diagram shows a human heart and associated blood vessels.

F A

E B

D C

(a) Complete the table to show which of the parts A to F contain oxygenated blood and which
contain deoxygenated blood.

Write each of the letters A to F in either the right or the left side of the table.

contain oxygenated blood contain deoxygenated blood

[2]

(b) (i) Complete the table below to show which of A to F are involved in the circulation of blood
to or from each of the following locations:

• the lungs,
• the body tissues.

Write each of the letters A to F in either the right or the left side of the table.

blood to or from the lungs blood to or from the body tissues

[4]

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(ii) Compare the pressure of blood in the circulation to the body tissues and the pressure of
blood in the circulation to the lungs.

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.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Explain how the structure of the heart produces this difference in blood pressure.

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[Total: 10]

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5 Fig. 5.1 shows a decaying tooth.

K area of
decay

Fig. 5.1

(a) Name the type of tooth shown. ........................................................................................... [1]

(b) Name two structures that are found in region K.

1 ....................................................................

2 .................................................................... [2]

(c) Explain the causes of the decay shown in Fig. 5.1.

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© UCLES 2014 5090/21/O/N/14 [Turn over

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(d) Two different regions were studied to see the effect of fluoridation of drinking water on the
mean number of decayed teeth in children living in those regions.

In region L, the percentage of children drinking fluoridated water gradually increased over
a 30-year period. In region M, no fluoride was added to the drinking water over the same
period.
Table 5.1 shows the mean number of decayed teeth per child in each region. It also shows
the percentage of children drinking fluoridated water in region L.

Table 5.1

region L region M
date
percentage mean number mean number

1970 28 3.9 2.1

1980 32 3.3 1.9
1990 38 2.7 1.8
2000 60 1.2 1.6

(i) State the effect of adding fluoride to the water supplies in region L.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Suggest three possible reasons for the results shown for children in region M.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

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2 ........................................................................................................................................

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3 ........................................................................................................................................

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[3]

[Total: 11]

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Section B

Answer both questions in this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided.

6 (a) Explain why most foods must be digested.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Describe the digestion of fats.

You should include reference to the following in your answer:

• named regions of the alimentary canal and associated organs

• named chemicals, including the end products of fat digestion.

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[Total: 10]
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