Writing formalities

The music, literature and other sources you use in your projects/investigations need
to be referenced. There has to be a way to know where the information comes from.

Two common systems are the Harvard and Oxford systems. The main difference is
that the Harvard system has the references in the main text, but Oxford has them as
footnotes in the bottom of the page.

The Oxford system allows a more fluent reading while the Harvard system might
save the reader from searching in the footnotes. What you choose is a matter of taste
and style, but keep to one of them. Here are two examples:

What is Harvard Referencing?

The concept of Harvard Referencing is widely believed to have
originated from a paper published by scientific professor Dr Edward
Laurens Mark in 1881 who evidenced one of his report conclusions with
the name and date of the work of his predecessor (Pears & Shields,
2016).  In the contemporary era, the Harvard referencing system is
used ubiquitously by academic institutions such as schools, colleges
and universities to provide a reading source list (Pears & Shields,
2016). Comparably, Choy (1994) asserts that the key purpose of
Harvard referencing is to enable researchers to qualitatively identify the
books, academic journals and other relevant sources used in the
construction of their essay and/or report. Moreover, Butler et at (2010)
assert that Harvard referencing ensures that a report and/or essay is
suitably evidenced and founded on solid information. 

What Is Oxford Referencing?

Oxford referencing is a footnote and bibliography system. This means
you should give citations as footnotes at the bottom of the text,
indicated with superscript numbers, usually at the end of a sentence,
like this.1
The first footnote for each source should include full publication
information, as well as a pinpoint reference (i.e., the specific page or
section cited). And although you provide the source information here,
you will also need to list it in the bibliography at the end of your
document.

Here are good guides at Umeå Universitys website describing the two systems.

1
This is a footnote
In Swedish:

https://www.ub.umu.se/skriva/skriva-referenser

In English:

https://www.ub.umu.se/en/write/references

So if you have a book, website, video, article you can look up the specifics of how
they are referred to and how the reference list should be written. If you make a list of
your media in this format you can just order them later.

Cds and LPs should be referenced with: composer/artist, Title in italics, record

company: record number, release year (and possibly original release year).
For example:

The Beatles, Revolver, Parlophone: CDP 746441 2, 1987 (1966)

Some other observations:

Wikipedia is not considered as a source since it can be changed anytime.

Don’t forget that the template (Wordmall för självständigt arbete) on KMHs webpage
needs to be used for your final version (https://www.kmh.se/backstage/student/dina-
kurser/sjalvstandigt-arbete-examenskonsert.html). The information and logo on the
first page is important. The template also has defined title levels, if you use them you
can later make an automatic table of contents. This can save you a lot of time if you
make changes.

We also need the text in Word to be able to use the “save comments” function. The
program is available at KMHs “Office 365” if you don’t have access to it.

You are of course very welcome to use sound and video files in the document. These
are just referred to as for example Video 1, Soundfile 1, or any name you would like
to give them. The files then need to be available for upload into the DiVA system that
stores your finished work in the end (with the same names of course).

Don’t hesitate to ask your coach if you have any further questions.