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'Application of AC Motors and Drives in Steel Industries: January 2008
'Application of AC Motors and Drives in Steel Industries: January 2008
'Application of AC Motors and Drives in Steel Industries: January 2008
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159
Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008
Each motor of the crane has to sustain 20 nos of start / stop ii) Precise positioning of the hook at very low speed
operation in an hour. operation is possible. With rotor resistance control
Table-1: Motor details operator has to reverse the motor a few times for
Motors Nos Power Speed Stator Type positioning
in kW in voltage iii) During braking, the drive regenerates and power is fed
RPM back to busbar through current collector
Long Travel 2 23.5 965 415 Slip iv) All controls and safety interlocks are done in a
Ring Programmable controller and thereby the panel size is
Cross Travel 1 5.5 965 415 Slip small.
Ring v) Easy of maintenance as the faults are indicated on the
Main hoist 1 30 730 415 Slip display board
Ring vi) High starting torque.
Aux. hoist 1 10 736 415 Slip
Ring Table-2: LT drive steady state behavior
Master Speed Reference Motor Steady state
B. LT Drive capacity selected; Controller reference frequency Speed current of
Motor: 23.5 kW X 2 Nos. Position voltage of drive in both motors
VVVF drive capacity: 120 kVA from PLC RPM
Type: Four quadrant operation with regenerative facility Neutral 0.0 0.0 0 0.0
Converter unit: 3 Phase thyristor bridge Left-1 -1.8 9.1 175 25.6
Inverter unit: 2 series connected power transistor with anti (RBY)
parallel diode. Left-2 -3.7 18.3 351 24.6
DC link capacitor: electrolytic type (RBY)
Continuous output: 150 kVA Left-3 -7.0 35.0 675 23.4
Rated current: 165 Amps (RBY)
Overload capacity: 50% for 60 sec Left-4 -10.0 50.0 960 23.0
LT Drive steady state behavior is shown in Table-2. (RBY)
Right-1 1.8 9.1 174 25.4
C. LT Drive acceleration time
(RYB)
During initial trial period, the acceleration time was kept at Right-2 3.7 18.3 349 24.3
15 sec. After several trials it was reduced to 8 sec. It was (RYB)
observed that further reduction of time swings the load Right-3 7.0 35.0 675 23.1
heavily and load starts oscillating. (RYB)
D. LT drive deceleration time Right-4 10.0 50.0 958 22.4
(RYB)
During initial trial period, the acceleration time was kept at
40 sec. After several trials it was reduced to 10 sec. It was III. AC DRIVE FOR ROLLING STAND
observed that further reduction of time swings the load MOTOR
heavily and load starts oscillating.
E. LT drive transient behavior AC synchronous motors are used for driving the roughing
stand rolls in a rolling mill. Synchronous motors are used
LT motor transient current when power requirement is very high and speed of rolling is
Position-0 to Position-1 Acceleration current 76 Amps low. The R0/V0 stand motors of Hot Strip Mill of Rourkela
Position-1 to Position-2, Acceleration current 48 Amps Steel Plant are synchronous motor. These motors are driven
Position-2 to Position-3, Acceleration current 36 Amps by cyclo converter. The capacity of R0 stand motors are 3
Position-3 to Position-4, Acceleration current 32 Amps MW x 2 Nos, 953 Volt, 1121 Amps, 70 RPM. The capacity
F. Technological Benefits of V0 stand motors are 1 MW X 2 Nos at 953 volt. The
cyclo converter output frequency is 5-15 Hz. The following
The following are the technological benefit over technological benefits have been obtained from these drives;
conventional rotor resistance control i) Speed regulation is precise
i) Savings in electrical power as there is no loss in rotor ii) The control system is having high dynamic response
resistance
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Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008
iii) The over load capacity of the drive is very high and V. SPECIAL APPLICATION
hence the number of tripping due to over load is very
less. Other than drive system, there are several special
applications where power electronics is used in steel plants.
IV. AC DRIVE REQUIREMENT FOR LARGE A few of them are described below:
MACHINES
A. Electro magnetic stirrer
A. Exhauster of Sinter Plant II of Durgapur Steel Plant During casting of billets and blooms the liquid steel is stirred
to improve the quality of cast product. A stirrer acts like a
The Sinter Plant-II of DSP has two exhausters to suck air
stator of an AC motor. It is fed by 3 phase or 2 phase power
through sinter machine. The suction pressure is around 1500
supply and a rotating magnetic field is created. The rotating
mm WC. The installed electrical load is 21 MW. The
magnetic field induces a torque in the liquid steel of the
average energy consumption at rated capacity is 13-14 MW,
billet or bloom passing through the mould. The liquid steel
out of which 8 MW is consumed in the exhausters. The
acts like a rotor of an AC motor and rotates around the axis
power line frequency varies from 49 to 53 Hz. When the
of the cast products in a plane perpendicular to the casting
frequency is high (say 53 Hz), motor speed increases to 1060
direction.
RPM and the blade speed increases to 1442 RPM. With this
speed load on the exhauster motor increases and
consequently stator current increases. When the current
increases above safe limit, the motor trips. Such a trip causes
a delay of around 1 hour. Each synchronous motor is rated
for 4670 kVA, Stator 11kV, 244 A, Rotor 78 V, 295 A,
CosΦ = 0.9. During high frequency, the load on the
machine is reduced by closing the damper in the suction line.
Coil
These synchronous motors are excited in such a way that it Coil
draws leading current so that the overall power factor of the
plant is nearer to unity.
A variable frequency drive to suit this motor capacity shall
help to control the suction by varying the supply frequency.
This shall stabilize the plant.
B. Compressors of Oxygen Plant of Durgapur Steel Plant Fig. 1 - Principle of
The capacity of oxygen plant is 700 t/day. The plant consists rotative stirring
of two numbers of air separation units each of capacity 350
t/day. There are two air compressors for 2 air separation A rotating stirrer induces axial symmetrical forces creating a
unit. Each air compressor is driven by synchronous motor of torque over the whole section of the liquid pool, whatever
rating 11 kV, 6 MW, 0.9 pf lead. There are three oxygen the size of the liquid pool is and even if the strand is not
compressors, driven by synchronous motor of rating 11 kV, centered inside the stirrer. It follows that all the forces
1700 kW, 0.9 pf lead. There are two nitrogen compressors induces within the whole section of the liquid pool and
driven by induction motor of rating 11 kV, 1320 kW. At consequently the full power induced inside liquid pool
higher frequency above 50 Hz, the plant becomes unstable. contributes to the stirring of the liquid steel. The frequency
The plant is made stable by changing vent and by this way of the supply varies from 3-10 Hz depending on the stirrer.
specific power consumption increases. There is no provision The principle of rotating stirrer is shown in Fig.1.
for regulating the speed of the compressors at higher The scheme for generating the rotating magnetic field
frequency. consists of converting AC power to DC power and then DC
Variable frequency drives to suit these motor capacities shall power to a variable frequency AC power. The main units are
help to control the process by varying the supply frequency. (i) Converter transformer, (ii) Diode bridge for AC to DC
and (iii) Inverter bridge for DC to AC. A schematic diagram
of the power line is shown in Fig 2. A stirrer system installed
in continuous casting plant of DSP is having the following
specification.
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Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008
Converter: Input 415 V + 10%, Output 350 V, 180 kVA, 400 plant of DSP, has been tuned to achieve minimum stator
A current. The result shows a decrease in stator current and
elimination of unwanted tripping during high frequency. A
Coil: 100 kVA at 400 A
typical curve is shown in Fig 4.
+ 473 V
Driver
Driver
Δ
Driver
Y
U V W
To stirrer coil
Fig. 2 - Power Scheme of electro magnetic stirrer
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Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008
415 V, 3 Φ , 50 Hz.
415 / 315 V
T1
4.4 KVA, Y-
HRC Fuse, 16 A
Diode 600 V 20 A
e=f (Vc) Vc
Vf
HRC Fuse, 32 A
IGBT
TEST
MODULE
VOLTAGE
FIRING
MODULE
175 V, 10 A,
50 Hz.
Fig. 3 - Single line diagram of the rectifier inverter system
[3] Prashant Gupta, Asoke Kumar Paul, S Bhattacharya, N [4] A. K. Paul, S. Mazumdar, B. K. Santra and G. J.
Neogi and D Mukherjee, “Design of digital controller Mahajan, “Status of power Electronics in SAIL”,
for tension control of coiler drive in tandem cold rolling Presented in National Workshop on Power Electronics,
mill”, Published in Steel India, Vol 27, No 1, April Industry academic interaction. Held at IISc, Bangalore,
2004, page 10-14. 23-24 July, 1998.
[5] A. K. Paul, S. C. Khan, G. J. Mahajan, S. Mishra, N.
Neogi, G. S. Sangar and S. Sinha. “On-line control of
Stator Current in Amps
235
230 looping in a wire rod mill”. Published in ASIA Steel,
1996.
225
[6] A. K. Paul, M. Gangadharan, S. Mazumdar, N. Neogi.
220 “AC Operated EOT Crane Control with Variable
215 Voltage Variable Frequency Drive”. Proceedings of
210 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics,
205 Drives & Energy systems for Industrial growth. Held at
210 230 250 270 IIT, Delhi, 8-11 January, 1996.
Rotor current in Amps The authors are with Research & Development Centre for Iron and
Fig.4 - Variation of Stator current with rotor Steel, Steel Authority of India Limited, Ranchi 834002. E-mail:
current akpaul@sail-rdcis.com
163
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