Wfsd ; - [befotfr tbxtd orètjod, tjpd pdabaojf, sdkrb bi odaobptd eb frtb ba if

prjhbrf Ja`faojf

Uutdr<

@rfaojsod Lfvjbr Wdrtjiif

Bstuejfatb<

Bjey _jivfaf Huödz Kdiföds

Nrupd< 26577?T67

Rajvbrsjefe Afojdafi Fkjbrtf y f Ejstfaojf

RAFE Ijobaojfturf ba pbefndnjf ja`fatji

Frtb y beuofojda frtjstjof ba if

ja`faojf Hfrzd eb ;7;7

 ´Vuê bs bi frtb ba if prjhbrf ja`faojf4

[bsuhba

Bi prbsbatb tbxtd orètjod bxpdab uaf hjrfef cfojf bi frtb ba if prjhbrf ja`faojf, bs fsè qub bi frtb
nbabrf hdhbatds eb odastruoojÿa yf qub trfasvbrsfijzf tdefs ifs fsjnafturfs pdrqub sb trfkflf bi
frtb ba tded hdhbatd y cfy trfas`drhfojÿa ba tdefs ifs sjtufojdabs. Bi frtb beuof f ids ajöds eb
uaf hfabrf orbftjvf y ejvbrtjef idnrfaed pbrsdafs odhpbtbatbs pfrf ebsbavdivbrsb ba
oufiqujbr sjtufojÿa y f if vbz sb beuof eb uaf hfabrf jatbnrfi.

Febhæs bi frtb ba if prjhbrf ja`faojf pbrhjtb qub bi ajöd sbf ua javbstjnfedr yf qub prbpfrf f
su obrbkrd pfrf bxpidrfr y ebsoukrjr bi huaed= tfhkjêa bi frtb odatrjkuyb f qub bi ajöd
odastruyf sus odadojhjbatds f trfvês eb if jatbrfoojÿa oda ids ebhæs y oda tded id qub ib rdebf,
bs pdr biid qub bs huy jhpdrtfatb oifsbs ejaæhjofs iibafs eb odidrbs y bhdojdabs edaeb idnrba
odadobrsb f sè hjshds y fequjbrfa fprbaejzflbs sjnaj`joftjvds pfrf su vjef.

Wfifkrfs oifvb< Frtb, prjhbrf ja`faojf, bxprbsjdabs, sbasfojdabs.

Jatrdeuoojÿa

Bi frtb ba if prjhbrf ja`faojf bs bibhbatfi pfrf qub bi ajöd y ajöf orbzofa y sb ebsfrrdiiba eb
uaf

hfabrf jatbnrfi, ofpfobs eb bxpidrfr oda orbftjvjefe tded id qub ib rdebf, sb trftfræ quê bs bi frtb
ba if prjhbrf ja`faojf y pdrqub bs jhpdrtfatb ba if vjef eb ids sbrbs cuhfads, tfhkjêa odhd
`uturds edobatbs ebkbhds eb tbabr ba oubatf qub bxjstf uaf odcbrbaojf tfatd ba bi ourrèouid
odhd ba if pifaj`jofojÿa eb ifs prfotjofs pbefnÿnjofs.

Ufhkjêa sb rbfijzfræ iboturf eb ifs ej`brbatbs ojtfs eb if uajefe pfrf tbabr uaf hfydr odcbrbaojf
ba ids odaobptds ebi frtb= rbodadobr qub bi frtb lubnf ua pfpbi huy jhpdrtfatb ba if beuofojÿa
ebi ja`fatb yf qub odatrjkuyb ba ua hbldr ebsfrrdiid eb if hdtrjojefe `jaf, pbrobpojÿa
b jatbrfoojÿa.

Wfrf `jafijzfr sb bxpdab if odaoiusjÿa eb if fotjvjefe rbfijzfef.

 Ebsfrrdiid ebi tbhf

Bi frtb ebkb sbr odasjebrfef uaf ejsojpijaf tfa jhpdrtfatb odhd ifs hftbhætjofs, ofstbiifad,
batrb dtrfs. Ifs fotjvjefebs qub sb jhpfrtba ebseb id frtèstjod fyuefa f bstjhuifr bi obrbkrd y pdr 
baeb bi odadojhjbatd odnajtjvd, fsè hjshd bstjhuif if pbrsdafijefe eb ofef ajöd. Febhæs

b pfrf orbfr vèaouids bs huy jhpdrtfatb pdrqub hbejfatb bstds ids ajöds y ajöfs idnrfa odhuajofojÿa y pdr baeb bxprbsfa sus pbasfhjbatds

y edobatbs trftfa eb jhpfrtjr sus odadojhjbatds hbejfatb if rbfijzfojÿa

aæhjofs y orbftjvfs ifs oufibs odatrjkuyba f sbatjr ej`brbatbs bhdojdabs y sbasfojdabs qub sda bibhbatfibs pfrf ua fprbaejzflb sjnaj`joftjvd.

tfa jhpdrtfatb qub lubnf if tboadidnèf pubs hbejfatb su fpijofojÿa sb pubeba utjijzfr ids
sbatjeds ebi oubrpd, f trfvês eb if vjstf sb pbrojkba jhænbabs eb odidrbs, pdr bi sbatjed ebi dèed

sb bsouocfa fuejds qub ads pbrhjtb ua hbldr fprbaejzflb y fsè suobsjvfhbatb cfstf idnrfr 
fprbaejzflbs vfijdsds pfrf if vjef.

Ofkb hbaojdafr qub cdy ba eèf ba ids ourrèouids jastjtuojdabs sb bstæa jhpibhbatfaed
bstrftbnjfs frtèstjofs y bstfs `drhfa pfrtb ebi fprbaejzflb eb ifs ej`brbatbs ejsojpijafs= tfhkjêa bs

eb rbodadobr qub bi frtb odatrjkuyb f qub bi ajöd pubef pbrojkjr id qub cfy f su firbebedr y idnrb
fprbojfr id hfrfvjiidsd qub bs bi iunfr edaeb vjvb y ad sdifhbatb ebseb if `drhf cjstÿrjof sjad if

`drhf bstêtjof, odatrjkuybaed f ebsfrrdiifr eb hfabrf orbftjvf sus sfkbrbs. Bs pdr biid if
jhpdrtfaojf eb qub ofef bsoubif sbf futÿadhf eb ebojejr su fhkjbatb y frqujtboturf. _bnüa

(Hfifnuzzj 6::0) hbaojdaf qub.

’ Vub if bsoubif tbanf ebrbocd f su prdpjd fhkjbatb, f su frqujtboturf, f uaf
odaobptufijzfojÿa y `jafijzfojÿa eb bspfojds, `drhfs y `uaojdabs bs ua eftd qub ad tjbab
euef‘ ( W.57). 

Bspfojd. Lubnf ua pfpbi jhpdrtfatb ba bi ajöd yf qub tjbab ua prjaojpjd vbrsætji pdrqub sb
fodaejojdaf f vfrjds bibhbatds (sbasjkib, trfas`drhfedr) y nbabrfr ejvbrsjefe eb prdobsds=
ids ajöds sda ofpfobs eb ofhkjfr ofef bspfojd y odasbnujr aubvds rbsuitfeds.

Hftbrjf. Hbejfatb if hfajpuifojÿa eb ej`brbatbs hftbrjfibs bi ajöd bxpidrf y

fprbaeb odadojhjbatds, bs jhpdrtfatb rbsfitfr qub bi hftbrjfi ejeæotjod vjbab eb eds `drhfs,
hftbrjfibs
bstruoturfeds y ad bstruoturfeds= ofef uad eb biids sda bsbaojfibs pfrf qub bi ajöd,
sbpfrb, oifsj`jqub, fnfrrb, batrb dtrds.

Bstruoturfibs. Bstds yf vjbaba cbocds (odidrbs, pifstjijaf, pjaturfs, bto.)

 Ad bstruoturfibs. _da ids qub trfas`drhfhds hbejfatb if hftbrjf qub cfy firbebedr (pfids,
rfhfs, tfkifs, bto).

Udeds ids fatbrjdrbs hftbrjfibs sda ÿptjhds pfrf uaf kubaf beuofojÿa.

Hbejfatb bi frtb bi ajöd y if ajöf sda ofpfobs eb sbr futÿadhds y pbasfr y fotufr sbnüa if
sjtufojÿa= bs `uaefhbatfi qub sb ebsbavubivfa pdr sj hjshds pfrf qub orbzofa pbrsdafi y
bhdojdafihbatb= odhd `uturds edobatbs ebkbhds eblfr qub ids ajöds y ajöfs pifshba
ijkrbhbatb id qub pjbasfa y sjbatba pfrf qub pubefa trfashjtjr sus sbatjhjbatds y bhdojdabs
hbejfatb jhænbabs y odidrbs. Febhæs bs jhpdrtfatb qub sb eê if dpdrtuajefe f ids ajöds y
ajöfs eb odadobr ids husbds y fehjrba if jhpdrtfaojf eb if ouiturf y frtb. _bnüa ] OJUFUJDA
Nfk Yi :;;0 X hbaojdaf qub

’[bodadobr qub bi frtb pubeb sbr uaf cbrrfhjbatf eb foobsd f ids sfkbrbs qub ojrouifa ba if
bsoubif eb if hfad eb if odatrjkuojÿa eb ids husbds, bs uaf prdpubstf pdsjkib‘. (pfn.6:3).

Wdr dtrd ifed bs jaejspbasfkib qub ifs bsoubifs y ids husbds jatbrfotüba pfrf qub bxjstf uaf
hdtjvfojÿa y nustd ebseb if ja`faojf, sbrèf jatbrbsfatb qub ids husbds krjaeba basböfazfs
ouiturfibs sjnaj`joftjvfs pfrf qub cfyf fprbojd pdr bi frtb. _bnüa Hfrtf Euldvab (?)

’Wfrf if bsoubif bi husbd ebkbrèf sbr uaf cbrrfhjbatf eb foojÿa ba tded jatbatd eb hjtjnfr 

krbocfs ouiturfibs. Z sj bi husbd jatbatf sbr uaf jastjtuojÿa ebhdorftjzfedrf tjbab f if bsoubif
odhd uaf jatbrhbejfrjf ofsj jhprbsojaejkib, fquêiif qub ib pubeb fobrofr pükijods aubvds, qub
ebhfsjfed f hbaued qubefa f`ubrf eb ids ojroujtds ibtrfeds‘.

Bs fsè qub ids husbds ebkbrèfa odavbrtjrsb ba bspfojds `rboubatfeds pdr ids ajöds y
ajöfs, pdrqub bs ua iunfr edaeb ids ajöds sb jatbrbsfa pdr if javbstjnfojÿa y pdr baeb sb
vubivba hæs orbftjvds id oufi odatrjkuyb f qub sbfa sbrbs orètjods y pbasfatbs.
 Odaoiusjÿa

Ebspuês eb odasuitfr ifs ej`brbatbs rb`brbaojfs eb if Rajefe 6 y rbfijzfr if fatbrjdr fotjvjefe

 pubed ebeuojr qub bi frtb bs bi obatrd eb tded bi fotufr ebi sbr cuhfad, ba ofef uad eb aubstrds
qubcfobrbs bstæ bi frtb, ofef hdvjhjbatd, sbatjhjbatd d sbasfojÿa bxprbsfef sb odavjbrtb ba frtb=
bs pdr biid if jhpdrtfaojf eb trfashjtjr prfotjofs sjnaj`joftjvfs pfrf qub bi ajöd sbf qujba
odastruyf, javbstjnub y sb jatbrbsb pdr bi frtb y if ouiturf. Bi frtb ba if prjhbrf ja`faojf pbrhjtb
qub ids ajöds y ajöfs sb odavjbrtfa ba sbrbs ofpfobs eb fafijzfr, rb`ibxjdafr y
rbsdivbr sjtufojdabs qub sb ib prbsbatba ba su ejfrjd vjvjr.
Odhd `uturds edobatbs tbabhds if tfrbf eb trfashjtjr ouiturf y frtb f ids ajöds y ajöfs pfrf qub
iibnuba f pbrojkjr tded id cbrhdsd qub cfy f su firbebedr= febhæs eb sbr sbrbs cuhfads qub
fhba id qub cfy f su firbebedr y vjvjr bsf bxpbrjbaojf bstêtjof hbejfatb bi sbatjr eb bhdojdabs.
 [b`brbaojfs

Ofpbiij, N. (;77:.) If fi`fkbtjzfojÿa bstêtjof y if odatrjkuojÿa eb ids husbds odhd frtb`fotds

ouiturfibs. [bvjstf eb Bsoubif eb Ojbaojfs eb if beuofojÿa. [dsfrjd, Frnbatjaf. [boupbrfed eb

Cdyubids, F. (;772) If oufijefe ebi bspfojd-fhkjbatb ba if dkrf pbefnÿnjof eb Idrjs

Hfifnuzzj. [boupbrfed
eb<

_BE Frtb y Wrjhbrf Ja`faojf (;765). Frtb y prjhbrf ja`faojf - Fpbrturf Bspfojd. ]Frocjvd eb
vjebdX. [boupbrfed eb

_BE Frtb y Wrjhbrf Ja`faojf (;765). Frtb y prjhbrf ja`faojf ‟ If hftbrjf. ]Frocjvd eb vjebdX.
[boupbrfed eb cttps<//ydutu.kb/E:>jh5q?Vn3