All Class 11-12 Formulas Revision

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ALL FORMULAS REVISION IN ONE
SHOT
MOLE CONCEPT FORMULAS
 MOLE CONCEPT FORMULAS
★ Mole-mole analysis

✖ 22.4 ✖ NA
Volume Moles No of particles
➗ 22.4 ➗ NA

✖ M.M ➗ M.M

Given mass
 MOLE CONCEPT FORMULAS

★ Application of Given Value

mole concept

Moles

Molecules

Atom

e-, p+,Neutron
 MOLE CONCEPT FORMULAS

★ Average molar mass of

gaseous mixture
 MOLE CONCEPT FORMULAS

★ Percentage yield

★ Percentage purity
 MOLE CONCEPT FORMULAS
★ Concentration Terms
 MOLE CONCEPT FORMULAS

★ Concentration Terms

★ Molarity
 MOLE CONCEPT FORMULAS

★ Concentration Terms

★ Molality

★ Mole fraction
 MOLE CONCEPT FORMULAS

★ Relation b/w molality

and mole fraction

★ Relation b/w molality

and molarity

★ ppm of solute

★ ppb of solute
REDOX REACTIONS FORMULAS
 Redox Reactions Formulas
★ Calculation of individual oxidation number

O.N = No. of electrons in the valence shell - no. of electrons left after bonding
 Redox Reactions Formulas
➢ Concept of Equivalent Mass

● For Elements ● For Acid-base

● For oxidizing agent/ reducing agent

 Redox Reactions Formulas
➢ Calculations of n-factor

For Ions: nf = |charge|

For salts: LCM of charge present on cation and anion

For Acids: nf = Basicity = No. of H+ ions an acid donates

For Bases: nf = Acidity

 No.of gram equivalents

Given Mass
__________________
No of moles(n) =
Molar Mass

Given Mass
__________________
No of g.eq =
Equivalent Mass

Given Mass
__________________
No of g.eq =
Molar Mass/nf

No of g.eq = no. of moles x nf

 Redox Reactions Formulas

➢ Normality

➢ Relation between N and M N = M x n-factor

 Redox Reactions Formulas
➢ Volume strength of H2O2

Volume strength of H2O2

MH2O2 = ____________________
11.2
STATES OF MATTER FORMULAS
 States of Matter Formulas
➢ Gas Laws

● Boyle’s Law: V𝝰 1/P ● Charles’s Law: V𝝰 T

● Gay Lussac’s Law: P𝝰 T

 States of Matter Formulas
● Ideal Gas Equation: PV = nRT

● Density form of Ideal Gas Equation: d = PM/RT

 States of Matter Formulas
P = constant V 1 n 1 T1
=
P1 V 1 n 1 P 1 n 1 T1
= V 2 n 2 T2 =
P2 V 2 n 2 T= nt P 2 n 2 T2
co n sta
ns o
tan =c
t V
P1 V 1 T 1 n = constant P 1 V 1 n 1 T1 P & n = constant V1 T 1
=
= =
P2 V 2 T 2 P 2 V 2 n 2 T2 P& V2 T 2
t a nt V=
s
con con
sta
n= nt
V&
T & n = constant
P1 T 1 n 1 T1 = n 2 T2
= P1 V 1 = P2 V 2
P2 T 2
 States of Matter Formulas
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures:

● Total pressure = P1 + P2 + P3 + …

● Partial pressure = mole fraction x total pressure

 States of Matter Formulas
Graham’s Law of effusion & diffusion
 States of Matter Formulas

Kinetic Gas Equation

For 1 mol of ideal gas

PV = ⅓ MVrms2
States of Matter Formulas

MOLECULAR
SPEEDS
 States of Matter Formulas
Compressibility Factor Van der Waals Gas Equation

Z<1 Attractive forces

Z>1 Repulsive forces

THERMODYNAMICS FORMULAS
 Thermodynamics Formulas
Thermodynamic Processes

● Isothermal Process: T = constant

● Isochoric Process: V = constant

● Isobaric Process: P = constant

● Adiabatic Process: q = 0 (heat exchange with the surroundings = 0)

 Thermodynamics Formulas
● IUPAC sign convention about heat and work

1. Work done on the system = Positive

2. Work done by the system = Negative

● First Law of Thermodynamics: ΔU = q + w

 Thermodynamics Formulas
● Calculation of heat

➢ Total heat capacity ➢ Molar heat capacity

➢ Specific heat capacity (s)

 Thermodynamics Formulas
● Work done (W)

➢ Isobaric process: W = -Pext (V2 - V1)

➢ Isochoric process: Since 𝝙V = 0, therefore W = -Pext .𝝙V = 0

 Thermodynamics Formulas
● Work done (W) Adiabatic Process
 Thermodynamics Formulas
Calculation of final temp. Adiabatic Process

ΔU = W = nCv (T2-T1)
𝛄-1 𝛄-1
T1V1 = T2V2 =-Pext(V2-V1)
P11-𝛄 T1𝛄 = P21-𝛄 T2𝛄 T2-T1
= Pext (T1/P1-T2/P2)
Reversible process 𝛄-1
Irreversible process
 Thermodynamics Formulas
➢ Enthalpy (state function and extensive property)
𝝙H = 𝝙U + P𝝙V

➢ Relation between enthalpy and internal energy

𝝙H = 𝝙U + 𝝙ng RT

➢ Only for ideal gas: C p - Cv = R

 Thermodynamics Formulas
➢ Entropy (S)

➢ Entropy calculation for an ideal gas undergoing expansion/compression

 Thermodynamics Formulas
➢ Gibbs Free Energy (state function and an extensive property)

𝝙G = 𝝙H - T𝝙S [Gibbs Helmholtz Equation]

● Criteria for spontaneity

● If 𝝙G is < 0; process is spontaneous

● If 𝝙G is > 0; process is non spontaneous
● If 𝝙G is = 0; system is at equilibrium
EQUILIBRIUM FORMULAS
 Chemical Equilibrium Formulas
● Equilibrium Constant (K)

● Equilibrium Constant ● Equilibrium Constant in terms of

in terms of conc. (Kc) partial pressure (Kp)
 Chemical Equilibrium Formulas
● Relation between Kp and Kc: Kp = Kc(RT)Δn

● Reaction Quotient

● Degree of dissociation (𝛂)

𝛂 = no. of moles dissociated /initial no. of moles taken

 Chemical Equilibrium Formulas
➢ Ostwald’s Dilution Law:

● Dissociation constant of weak acid

● For weak base

 Chemical Equilibrium Formulas
➢ Ionic Product of water:

● Kw = [H+] [OH-] → Valid at all temperature

● Kw = [H+] [OH-] = 10-14 → Valid at 25℃

● -log Kw = -log [H+] + (-log [OH-]) = 14

● pKw = pH + pOH = 14
 Ionic Equilibrium Formulas
● Acidity and pH scale

➢ pH = -log [H+]; [H+] = 10-pH

➢ pOH = -log [OH-]; [OH-] = 10-pOH

➢ pKa = -log Ka; Ka = 10-pKa

➢ pKb = -log Kb; Kb = 10-pKb

 Ionic Equilibrium Formulas
● Salt hydrolysis

Strong Acid +
Weak Base

Strong Base +
Weak Acid

Weak Acid +
Weak Base
 Ionic Equilibrium Formulas
● Buffer Solutions

● Acidic Buffer

● Basic Buffer
 Ionic Equilibrium Formulas
● Solubility Product

Ksp = (xS)x . (yS)y = xx . yy . (S)x+y

SOLID STATE FORMULAS
Solid State Formulas
Solid State Formulas
 Solid State Formulas
★ Density of unit cell
 Solid State Formulas
★ Examples of ionic crystals

● NaCl : Coordination number (6:6)

● CsCl : Coordination number (8:8)

● Zinc blende (ZnS): Coordination number (4:4)

● Fluorite structure (CaF2): Coordination number (8:4)

SOLUTIONS FORMULAS
 Solutions Formulas
Henry’s Law:

P = K H𝛘
 Solutions Formulas
Raoult’s Law (for volatile solutes):

PA = PAo 𝛘A
PB = PBo 𝛘B
 Solutions Formulas
Relative lowering of vapour pressure
 Solutions Formulas
Elevation in Boiling Point
 Solutions Formulas
Depression in Freezing Point

Osmotic Pressure
ELECTROCHEMISTRY FORMULAS
 Electrochemistry Formulas
Standard EMF

Eocell = Eocathode - Eoanode

 Electrochemistry Formulas
Nernst Equation: At 298 K

Nernst Equation: At equilibrium

 Electrochemistry Formulas
Gibbs Free Energy Change

ΔGo = -nFEocell
ΔGo = -2.303 RT log Kc
 Electrochemistry Formulas
For an electrode M(s)/Mn+
 Electrochemistry Formulas
Concentration cell

Electrolyte concentration cell:

Electrode concentration cell:

 Electrochemistry Formulas
Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis

First Law
w=ZIt

Second Law
 Electrochemistry Formulas
Resistance Resistivity Conductance

RxA
______ 1xA
𝝆= G =______
L 𝝆xL

Molar
Molar Equivalent
Equivalent
Conductivity
Conductivity Conductivity
Conductivity
Conductivity
Conductivity
1xL
Κ = ______
RxA

Relation b/w molar conductivity

& equivalent conductivity
Λm = Λeq x nf
 Electrochemistry Formulas
Kohlrausch’s Law

● Strong electrolyte

● Weak electrolytes
CHEMICAL KINETICS FORMULAS
 Chemical Kinetics Formulas
Rate Law

aA + bB → Products
Rate = k[A]a [B]b

Order: a+b
Chemical Kinetics Formulas
 Chemical Kinetics Formulas
Arrhenius Equation
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