G. C. Jones, B. Jackson (Auth.) - Infrared Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals-Springer Netherlands (1993)

Infrare d Transmission Spectra
of Carbonate Minerals
THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
Infrare d Transmission
Spectra of
Carbonate Mineral s
G . C. Jones
Departmentof Mineralogy
The Natural History Museum
London, UK
and
B. Jackson
Departmentof Geology
Royal Museum of Scotland
Edinburgh, UK
A collaborative project of
The Natural History Museum
and
National Museums of Scotland
E3
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINES
S MEDIA, B.V.
Firs t e d i t i o n 1 9 9 3
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993
T y p e s e t at t h e N a t u r a l H i s t o r y Museu m
ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2120-0
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Contents
Foreword vii
Introduction viii
A guide to the book IX
The mineral specimens ix
Instrumentationand samplepreparation ix
The spectra ix
The text pages x
Generalreferences xi
Index of spectraby mineral name xii
Index of spectraby chemicalclass xiii
The spectra 1
Foreword
The selectedspectrapresentedin this volume are a testimonyto the diversity of mineralcarbonates.

Their compositional variety embracesmany of the chemical elementsand is increasedby the
frequentpresenceof solid solution betweenmembers.They occurin all the broadcategoriesof rock
types: igneous, metamorphic,metasomaticand sedimentary;and they are often associatedwith
important ores and rare elementdeposits.Carbonatesare not only of significancein the geological
domain, but also in industry and materialsscience.Accurate identification of the compoundsis,
therefore,vital for a proper understandingof any carbonatebearingsystem.
The developmentof Fourier transforminfrared spectrometryhasbeenfor someyearsat the stage
where the acquisitionof spectrais relatively simple, rapid and with good resolution.For identifica-
tion, the method is inexpensive and can provide additional information on the nature of the
chemicalbonding. It is particularly suitedto carbonatesbecauseof its ability to discriminateclearly
betweenthe different members.
It is obvious that to be able to produce a large set of definitive spectra, a source of well-
characterizedminerals is required, but the location of such a sourceis not necessarilyso obvious.
Our two museums- The Natural History Museum in London and the National Museums of
Scotlandin Edinburgh- have joined forces to provide such a source,using their renownedmineral
collectionsand authenticatingeachmineral by modernadvancedmethodsof analysisand identifica-
tion.
This volume is the product of severalyears' work of high quality. We believe that it gives for
today the most readily availablecompilation of reliable IR spectraas an invaluablereferencetool
for many.
ProfessorPaul Henderson
Keeperof Mineralogy
The Natural History Museum, London
and
Dr Ian Rolfe
Keeperof Geology
National Museumsof Scotland,Edinburgh
May, 1993
Introduction
The purposeof this compilation is to make available recently-acquiredspectraof as many well-

characterizedcarbonatemineralsas possiblein order to further the use of infrared spectroscopyin
mineralogy.
With the recentincreasedavailability of Fourier transformspectrometersfor routine laboratory
use, there is great potential for infrared spectroscopyto becomemore widely used, both for the
rapid identification of minerals and for more detailed structural studies. Despite being an estab-
lished analytical technique,mineralogicalinfrared spectroscopyhas beenhandicappedby a lack of
high-quality referencespectra. There is currently no infrared equivalent of the JCPDS Mineral
Powder Diffraction File and many new mineral descriptionsstill lack infrared spectra. Several
compilationsof mineral spectraare available but are far from comprehensiveand are of variable
reliability. Publishedmineral spectraare scatteredthroughout numerousjournals and are often
poorly reproducedwith limited frequencyranges.
The successof any comparativetechniquedependsto a greatextenton the availability and quality
of referencestandards.A spectrumis a virtually unique "fingerprint" of a materialand, accurately
reproduced,is a much more useful aid to identification than tabulatedabsorptionsalone, from
which all subtletiesof detail are lost. The more spectrathat are published,the more widely usedthe
techniquebecomesand so the cycle continues.
The authors acknowledgethe co-operationand advice of their colleagues,particularly John
Francisand PeterDavidsonfor x-ray diffraction work, and the mineral curatorsfor their tolerance
of our frequent requestsfor material from their best specimens.
A guide to the book
The mineral specimens

The majority of the mineral specimensused in this compilation are from the collections of the
Mineralogy Department of The Natural History Museum, London, and the Department of
Geology, Royal Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh. Others were acquired from dealers and col-
leaguesspecifically for this work.
The criteria usedin selectingspecimenswere as follows:
• purity and homogeneity;
• specimenspreviouslyusedas x-ray powder diffraction standardswhere possible;
• easeof contamination-free,unambiguoussampling;
• specimensfrom type or classiclocalities.
The rarity of somespecieshas madeit necessaryto compromisethesecriteria in a small number
of cases.In some casesa relatively common mineral has been omitted from this collection, e.g.
natron, thermonatrite,stichtite/barbertoniteetc. because,despitesamplingmany specimensfrom
various localities, no pure or unambiguousmaterial could be separated.
Instrumentation and sample preparation
All spectrawere recordedin transmissionmode, using a Fourier transforminfrared spectrophoto-

meter(Philips PU9800)and potassiumbromidepresseddisks. The instrumentwas purgedwith dry,
COz-free air and a blank KBr disk was used to generatethe backgroundwhich is automatically
subtractedduring transformation.50 scanswere acquiredusing a DTGS detectorat a resolutionof
2 cm-1 followed by two-passselectivesmoothing.
Sampleswere not weighed, but the quantity used was adjusted to give the strongestpeak
maximum at approximately20%T or less, without loss of detail aroundthis peak, subject to the
availability of material. Most sampleswere used without prior drying so as to avoid the risk of
thermal alteration. Some powdery or poorly-crystalline minerals have significant amounts of
adsorbedwaterwhich was reducedby allowing the presseddisk to remainin the dry environmentof
the samplechamberfor severalhours. This techniquewas not usedfor hydratedminerals,someof
which can dehydratevery easily to other phases.
The spectra
All spectrawere recordedover the frequencyrange 4400-225cm-I, but as none of the minerals
studiedhad absorptionpeaksin the range4400-4000cm-I, the spectraare reproducedhere from
4000 to 225 cm-1 to make best use of the available format. The spectraalso have their vertical
expansionadjustedfor the samereason.Wheremultiple sharppeaksare poorly reproducedin the
standardformat, an expandedwavenumberplot has beenincluded.
The text pages
Name:
The mineral namein bold type correspondsto that in Hey's Mineral Index (Clark (1993».
Formula, crystal systemand spacegroup:
Thesedataare takenfrom the referencesourceslisted at the endof this introductionor from later
publishedwork where available.
Mineral group:
The "mineral group" is that given by The Mineral Database(1989) but with alternativegroupings
shownwhere thesedraw attentionto relationshipsbetweenspectra.
Chemicalclass,chemicaltype:
Theseare taken from Ferraiolo (1982).
Specimen:
The BM and RMS numberscorrespondto registeredmuseumspecimens.
The descriptioncorrespondsto that on the specimenregistrationslip (whereavailable),modified
as necessaryto reflect sampling.
Source:
This is the locality as recordedon the specimenregistrationslip, exceptthat someplace names
have beenchangedto currentusage.Type localities are noted where appropriate.
Spectrumref. no:
This is a unique identifier for the spectrum(there may be more than one spectrumper mineral
name).
Samplemedium:
This will usuallybe KBr disk but other techniquesmay be usedwheredemandedby the natureof
the sample.
XRD:
A number,if given, indicatesthat the specimenhas beenexaminedby x-ray powderdiffraction.
The suffix (std) indicatesthe specimenis one that hasbeenusedto producea standardreference
diffraction film in The Mineralogy Dept. NHM. Such standardswill have beencomparedwith
publishedx-ray dataand naturally-occurring,well-characterisedmineral specimens.Comparison
with the correspondingJCPDSdata will also have beenmadebut is not necessarilyusedas the
final criteria for mineral identity.
Composition:
The chemical composition of most specimenshas been checked where possible, using an
analytical scanningelectron microscopewith energy-dispersivex-ray spectrometryfacility. Ele-
mentswith atomicnumberbelow that of fluorine are not detectableby this technique,e.g. boron,
carbonand oxygen. Fluorine is only detectablewhen presentin major amounts.Ratios quoted
are semi-quantitativeatomic ratios. Other elementsare also listed where presentat detectable
levels.
PeakTable:
All spectraldata have beenobtainedvia a "peak-pick" program,followed by manualexamina-
tion and editing to excludespuriousdata and include significant shouldersand other diagnostic
features. The tables include some peaks that may not be clearly visible on the spectra as
reproduced,due to restrictionsof the format, they are howevervisible on expandedplots. The
frequenciesof theseand other minor featuresare shown in normal type, the major featuresin
bold, as an aid in relating the peaktable to the spectrum.Frequenciesin squarebracketsare due
to adsorbedwater, and are not necessarilydiagnostic.Frequenciesfollowed by a questionmark
are of uncertainsignificance.Featuresin the spectrumapproachingthe lower frequencylimit of
225 cm-1 should be treatedwith some caution as they may be instrumentartifacts due to low
energytransmission.
Notes and References:
Any informationrelevantto the specimenandspectrumis given here,also any polymorphismand
relationshipswith otherminerals.Mineral namesin bold indicatethat a spectrumof that speciesis
included inthis collection. Referencesgiven havebeenselectedto include, wherepossible,those
involving infraredinvestigation,spectraor structuralinformation. Referencemay also be madeto
namedcompilationsas follows:
Moenke Moenke,H. (1962, 1966) Mineralspektren,Parts I and II, Akademie-Verlag,
Berlin.
Nyquist and Kagel Nyquist, A. and Kagel, R.O. (1971) Infrared Spectra of Inorganic Com-
pounds,AcademicPress,New York.
Farmer Farmer,V.C. (Ed.) (1974) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals, Monographno.
4, Mineralogical Society, London.
Sadtler Ferraro,J.R. (Ed.) (1982) Infrared SpectraHandbookof Minerals and Clays,
SadtlerResearchLaboratories,Philadelphia.
Suhner Suhner,B. (1986) Infrarot-spektrenvon Mineralien, Parts 1 and 2.
General references
Infrared Spectraof Minerals and RelatedInorganic Compounds
Gadsden,J.A. (1975)
Butterworth, London.
A systematicclassificationof nonsilicateminerals
Ferraiolo, J.A. (1982)
Bulletin of the AmericanMuseumof Natural History, 172 (I).
The Mineral Database
Aleph Enterprises(1989)
Aleph, Livermore, California.
Encyclopediaof Minerals, 2nd Edition
Roberts,W.L., Campbell,T.J. and Rapp, G.R. (1990)
Van NostrandReinhold, New York.
Glossaryof Mineral Species
Fleischer,M. and Mandarino,J.A. (1991)
The Mineralogical RecordInc., Tucson.
Mineral ReferenceManual
Nickel, E.H. and Nichols, M.C. (1991)
Van NostrandReinhold, New York.
Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition
Clark, A.M. (1993)
Chapman& Hall, London.
Index of spectra by mineral
name
Alstonite Gaylussite Otavite

Alumohydrocalcite Glaukosphaerite
Ancylite-(Ce) Paralstonite
Andersonite Harkerite Parisite-(Ce)
Ankerite Hellyerite Phosgenite
Aragonite Huntite Pirssonite
Artinite Hydrocerussite Pokrovskite,
Aurichalcite Hydromagnesite Pyroaurite
Azurite Hydrotalcite
Rhodochrosite
Hydrozincite(2)
Barentsite Rosasite
Barstowite Roubaultite
Ikaite
Barytocalcite Indigirite Sabinaite
Bastnasite-(
Ce)
Scarbroite
Bastnasite-(La) Kambaldaite Schrockingerite
Bayleyite Kamotoite-(Y)
Benstonite Sharpite
Kimuraite-(Y) Shortite
Beyerite Kolwezite Siderite
Bismutite Kutnohorite Sjogrenite
Brenkite
Brugnatellite Smithsonite
Burbankite Lanthanite-(La) Sphaerocobaltite
Leadhillite Stenonite
Liebigite Strontianite
Calcite
Lokkaite Strontiodresserite
Callaghanite
Susannite
Canavesite
Macphersonite Synchysite-(Y)
Carbocernaite
Carbonate-cyanotrichite Magnesite
Takovite
Cerussite Malachite
Trona
Coalingite Manasseite(2)
Manganotychite Tunisite
Cordylite-(Ce) Tychite
Mcguinnessite
Dawsonite Mckelveyite-(Y) Vaterite
Defernite Mineevite-(Y) Voglite
Desautelsite Monohydrocalcite
Dolomite Montroyalite Weloganite
Donnayite-(Y) Witherite
Dresserite Nahcolite Wyartite
Dundasite Nesquehonite
Dypingite Norsethite Zaratite
Northupite Zellerite
Gaspeite Nyerereite Znucalite
Index of spectra by
chemical class
Anhydrous normal carbonates

Alstonite BaCa(C03)2
Ankerite Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)(C03h
Aragonite Ca(C03)
Barytocalcite BaCa(C03h
Benstonite (Ba,Sr)6(Ca,Mn)6Mg(C03)13
Beyerite (Ca,Pb)Biz(C03h02or Ca(Bi02)(C03)
Bismutite Bi 2(C03)02
Burbankite (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(C03h
Calcite CaC03
Carbocernaite (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(C03)2
Cerussite PbC03
Dolomite CaMg(C03)2
Gaspeite (Ni,Mg,Fe)C03
Huntite CaMg3(C03)4
Kutnohorite Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe)(C03h
Magnesite MgC03
Norsethite BaMg(C03)2
Nyerereite Na2Ca(C03h
Otavite CdC03
Paralstonite BaCa(C03h
Rhodochrosite MnC03
Sabinaite Na4Zr2Ti04(C03)4
Shortite Na2Ca2(C03)3
Siderite FeC03
Smithsonite ZnC03
Sphaerocobaltite CoC03
Strontianite SrC03
Vaterite CaC03
Witherite BaC03
Hydrated normal carbonates

Andersonite Na2Ca(U02)(C03h·6H20
Bayleyite Mgz(U02)(C03h-18H20
Donnayite-(Y) Sr3NaCaY(C03)6·3H20
Gaylussite Na2Ca(C03)2·SH20
Hellyerite NiC03·6H20
Ikaite CaC03"6HzO
Kamotoite-(Y) Y Z0 4(lJOZ)4(C03)3" 14"5HzO
Kimuraite-(Y) CaYz(C03)4"6HzO
Lanthanite-(La) (La,Ce)z(C03h-8HzO
Liebigite CaZ(lJOZ)(C03)3"IlH zO
Lokkaite CaY4(C03h"9HzO
Mckelveyite-(Y) Ba3Na(Ca,lJ)Y(C03)6"3HzO
Monohydrocalcite CaC03"H zO
Pirssonite NaZCa(C03)z"2HzO
Voglite CazCu(lJOz)( C03)4 "6HzO
Weloganite Sr3NazZr(C03)6" 3HzO
Zellerite Ca(lJOz)(C03h"5HzO
Anhydrous carbonates with hydroxyl and/or halogen

Aurichalcite (Zn,Cu)s(C03)z(OH)6
Azurite CU3(C03)z(OHh
Barentsite N a7AIHz(C03)4F4
Bastnasite-(Ce) (Ce,La)(C03)F
Bastnasite-(La) (La,Ce)(C03)F
Brenkite Caz(C03)Fz
Cordylite-(Ce) Ba(Ce,Lah(C03)3FZ
Dawsonite NaAI(C03)(OHh
Glaukosphaerite (Cu,Nih(C03)(OHh
Hydrocerussite Pb3(C03h(OH)z
Hydrozincite (2) Zns(C03h(OH)6
Kolwezite (Cu,Coh(C03)(OHh
Malachite Cuz(C03) (OHh
Mcguinnessite (Mg,Cu)z(C03)(OH)z
Northupite N a3Mg(C03)zCI
Parisite-(Ce) Ca(Ce,Lah(C0 3hFz
Phosgenite PbZ(C03)Clz
Rosasite (Cu,Znh(C03)(OHh
Stenonite (Sr,Ba,Na)zAI(C03)Fs
Synchisite-(Y) Ca(Y,Ce)(C03)zF
Tunisite NaCazAliC0 3)4(OH)gCI
Hydrated carbonates with hydroxyl and/or halogen

Alumohydrocalcite CaAlz(C03)z(OH)4"3HzO
Ancylite-(Ce) SrCe(C03h(OH)" HzO
Artinite Mgz(C03)(OH)z"3HzO
Barstowite 3PbClz"PbCOz"HzO
Brugnatellite Mg6Fe(C03)(OH)13"4HzO
Callaghanite CuzMgZ(C03) (OH)6"2HzO
Coalingite MglOFez(C03)(OHh4"2HzO
Defernite Ca3(C03)(OH,CI)4"HzO
Desautelsite Mg6Mnz(C03)(OHh6"4HzO
Dresserite BazAI 4(C03)4(OH)s"3HzO
Dundasite PbAlz(C03h(OH)4"HzO
Dypingite Mgs( C03)4(OHh"5HzO
Hydromagnesite Mgs(C03)4(OHh"4HzO
Hydrotalcite Mg6Alz(C03)(OHh6"4HzO
Indigirite Mg 2AI 2(C03MOH)z"lSH20
Kambaldaite NaNi4(C03)3(OH)3"3H20
Manasseite(2) Mg6AI 2(C03)(OH)16"4H20
Montroyalite Sr4AIs(C03)3[(OH),Fb"10-11H 20
Pokrovskite Mg 2(C03)(OH)z"O"SH20
Pyroaurite Mg6Fe2(C03)(OHh6"4H20
Roubaultite CU202(lJ02)3(C03)2(OH)2"4H20
Scarbroite AI s(OH)13(C03) "SH20
Sharpite Ca(lJ02)6(C03)S(OH)4"6H20
Sjogrenite Mg6Fe2(C03)( OH)16"4H20
Strontiodresserite (Sr,Ca)Alz(C03MOH)4"H20
Takovite Ni6AI2[(C03),(OH)](OHh6-4H20
Wyartite Ca3lJ(lJ02MC03MOH)lS"3-SH20
Zaratite Ni 3(C03)(OH)4"4H20
Znucalite Zn12Ca(lJ02)(C03h(OHb"4H20
Acid carbonates
Nahcolite NaHC03
Nesquehonite Mg(HC03)(OH) "2H20
Trona Na3(C03)(HC03)"2H20
Compound carbonates
Canavesite Mg 2(C03)(HB03)" SH20
Carbonate-cyanotrichite CU4AI2(C03,S04)(OH)12"2H20
Harkerite Ca24MgsAlzSis[O,(OH)h2(B03)s(C03)s(H20,CI)
Leadhillite Pb4(S04)(C03MOH)z
Macphersonite Pb4(S04)(C03MOH)z
Manganotychite Na6(Mn,Fe,MgMC03MS04)
Mineevite-(Y) Na2SBaY2(C03)11(HC03MS04)zF2CI
Schrockingerite NaCa3(lJ02)(C03)3(S04)F"lOH20
Susannite Pb4(S04)(C03MOH)
Tychite Na6Mg2(S04)(C03)4
The spectra
II ALSTONITE I
Formula: BaCa(C03)2 Crystal system: Triclinic, pseudoorthorhombic

Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Aragonite
Chemical type: AB(X03)2 Space group: PI
Specimen: BM 41707 Large, colourless,prismatic crystalswith witherite and calcite.

Source: Brownley Hill mine, Nenthead,Alston, Cumbria, U.K. (Type locality).
Spectrum ref. no.: IR2666
Sample medium: KBr disk
XRD: 7451F (std)
Composition: Ba:Ca:Sr = 1:1:0·2
Notes Peak Table cm- 7
Trimorphouswith barytocalciteand paralstonite. [3413] 800

The spectrumdiffers from that of paralstoniteonly in the 700 cm-1 region and is similar to, but 2923 752
distinguishablefrom, that of barytocalcite. 2856 725?
Comparespectrumwith thoseof other membersof aragonitegroup. 2493 708
2466 701
1766 691
References: 1754 518
1734 464
1. KaushanskyP. & Yariv S. (1986) The interactionsbetweencalcite particles and aqueoussolutions of 1503 302
magnesium,barium or zinc chlorides. 1458 251
Applied Geochemistry,1(5), pp.607-618. 1436
1413
2. ScheetzB.E. & White W.B. (1977) Vibrational spectraof the alkaline earth double carbonates. 1390
American Mineralogist, 62(12), pp.36-50. 1171
1086
3. RossmanG.R. & SquiresR.L. (1974) The occurrenceof alstoniteat Cave-in-Rock,Illinois. 1063
Mineralogical Record, 5(6), pp.266-269. 894
861
855
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II ALUMOHYDROCALCITE II
Formula: CaAlz(C03M°H)4-3HzO Crystal system: Triclinic ?

Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group:
Chemical type: AmBn(X03)pZq-xHzO Space group: ?
Specimen: BM 1937,1377 Lavender,silky, fibrous, radiating with calcite on serpentine.

Source: Ruben mine, Nowa Ruda, Poland_
Spectrum ref. No.: IR2796
XRD: 7906F (std)
Composition: Ca:Al = 1:1-8 + minor Si
The spectrumis more complex i.e. better resolved, than that given in ref. 3, but is otherwiseidentical. 3702 1031
3653 1007
3622 967
3145 798
1. Ryback G. (1988) 2961 730
Alumohydrocalcitefrom Scarborough,North Yorkshire, and WestonFavell, Northamptonshire. 2923 661
Journal of the RussellSociety,2(1), pp.9-12. 2853 570
2516 523
2. Srebrodol'skiyB.I. (1976) 2187 472
Alumohydrocalcites. 1995 426
International Geological Revue,18 (3), pp.321-328. 1834 343
1798 250?
3. Kautz K. (1969) 1673
Electron microscopeand infrared investigationof alumohydrocalcite. 1519
NeuesJahrbuchjUr Mineralogie, Monatshejt, No.3, pp.130-137 1420
(Germanwith English summary). 1399
1113
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Formula: SrCe(C03MOH)' H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic
Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Ancylite
Chemical type: A",Bn (XOJ pZq'xH20 with (m+n):p = 1:1 Space group: Pmcn
Specimen: RMS 1988.7.8.

Source: Mont St Hilaire, Quebec,Canada.
XRD: 4142
Composition:
3494
References: 2925
2856
1. Walter F. & Post! W. (1983) 2532
Calcio ancylite of the KalcherkogelTunnel, Pack, Styria. 1775
MitteilungsblattAbteilungJUr Mineralogie am Landesmuseum Joanneum,51, pp.25-28. 1455
1074
2. TareenJ.A.K., ViswanathiahM.N. & KrishnamurthyK.V. (1980) 858
Hydrothermalsynthesisand growth of Y(OH)C03 ancylite-like phases. 771
Revuede Chimie Minerale, 17(1), pp.50-57. 727
715
703
695
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O.'U/~-r----'-----~--~r---_'-----r----_r----'-----~--_r--_'----r---'----r--~r_--~--_r--_'----r_--,----r--~r_--~--_r--_,----r_~
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500

COMPRESSED-WAVENUMBERS 225.0
ANCYLITE- (Ce)
ANDERSONITE
Formula: Na2Ca(UOJ(C03)3·6H20 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Rutherfordine
Chemical type: A.nBn(XO~p·xH20 where (m+n):p > 1:1 Space group: R3
Specimen: BM 1967,267 Yellow/greentransparentisolatedcrystals.
Source: Atomic King No.2 mine, CaneWash, SanJuanCo., Utah, U.S.A.
XRD: 8099F matchesPDF 20-1092andersonite.
Composition: Na:Ca:U = 0·7:1:1:2 + trace Zn & Si
Notes Peak Table em·'

The spectrum hasa strong peak at 3548 cm·! which indicatesthe presenceof an (OR) group not shown in 3548 852
the formula. MatchesSuhner(5-35 A) andersonite,except for the lack of a peakat 1020 cm-! 3413 847
Semi-quantitativeanalysisof this specimengave a lower sodiumcontentthan indicatedby the formula. 3216 764
2903 728
2602 700
2360 632
l. Cejka J., UrbanecZ. & Cejka J Jr. (1987) 2330 542
Contribution to the crystal chemistryof andersonite. 2082 476
NeueslahrbuchjUr Mineralogie, Monatshejte,(11), pp.488-50l. 1816 425
1659 343
2. UrbanecZ. & Cejka J. (1979) 1575 291
Infrared spectraof liebigite, andersonite,voglite, and schroeckingerite. 1525
Collection of CzechoslovakChemical Communications,44(1), pp.1O-23. 1382
1093
1080
954
914
903
38NVIIIWSNVHl %
II ANKERITE II
Formula: Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)(C0 3)2 Crystal system: Trigonal

Crystal class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Dolomite
Chemical type: AB(XOJ2 Space group: R3
Specimen: BM 1921,723 Yellowlwhite saddle-shaped
rhombs on limestonewith galena.
Source: Alston, Cumbria, U.K.
XRD:
Composition: Ca:Fe:Mg:Mn = 1:0·5:0·4:0·1
Notes Peak Table em- 1
The compositionof this specimenis typical, i.e. it containssignificant Mg and Mn. 2987
Forms serieswith dolomite and kutnohorite. 2871
Comparespectrumwith thoseof other membersof dolomite group, e.g. norsethite 2608
2510
1810
References: 1424
1091
l. Dubrawski J.V., ChannonA.L. & Warne S.S.J.(1989) 875
The effects of substitutionin the dolomite ferroan dolomite ankerite seriesas illustrated by FTIR. 725
Neueslahrbuch fUr Mineralogie. Monatshefte,(8), pp.337-344. 353
324
2. FarmerV.C. & Warne S.S.J.(1978)
Infrared spectroscopicevaluationof iron contentsand excesscalcium in minerals of the dolomite
ankeriteseries.
American Mineralogist, 63(7,8), pp.779-781.
38NVIIIWSNV~1 %
ARAGONITE
Formula: CaC03 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate. Mineral group: Aragonite
Chemical type: A(X0 3) Space group: Pmcn
Specimen: BM 26522. Colourlesstwinned crystals.

Source: Molina, Aragon, Spain.
XRD:
Composition:
-_._- ---
Trimorphouswith calcite and vaterite. [3307] 536

The spectrummatchesthoseobtainedfrom syntheticmaterial and x-ray diffraction standard. 2921 469
Typical simple orthorhombiccarbonatespectrum,distinct from calcite group spectra. 2854 268
Comparewith spectraof other membersof the aragonitegroup; cerussite,strontianite,witherite & 2546
alstonite. 2522
2499
References: 1789
1477
1. Frech R., Wang E.c. & BatesJ.B. (1980) The I.R. and Ramanspectraof CaC03 (aragonite). 1384
SpectrochimicaActa, Part A, 36(10), pp.915-919. 1167
1119
2. White W.B. (1974) The carbonateminerals.In: Farmer(Ed.) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 1083
Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 1034
909
3. Gevork'yanS.V. & PovarennikhO.S. (1983) New infrared spectrafor minerals in the calcite and 858
aragonitegroups. Dopovidi AkademiyiNauk Ukrayins'koyi RSR,Ser. B: Geologichni, Khimichni ta 844
Biologichni Nauki., 11, pp.8-12. ( Ukrainian with English summary). 713
700
o.
lCl
t'\I
t'\I
o
o
lCl
o
o
o
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Ul
ffi
III
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LU
Ul
Ul
LU
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o
o
t'\I
o
o
o
(T)
t'\I
0
LO 0
t'\I 0
a:
I-f
0
-.;;t
0 cd
0 0
0
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38NVllIWSNVl:ll %
II ARTINITE I
Formula: MgiC03)(OH)2'3H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Hydromagnesite
Chemical type: A m Bn (X03)pZq'xH20 with (m+n):p = 2:1 Space group: C2/m
Specimen: BM 1973,503. Globular clustersof white radiating acicular crystals.

Source: Union Carbidemine, San Benito Co., California, U.S.A.
XRD: 7828 (std)
Composition: Mg with traceNa & AI
Notes Peak Table em- t
See ref. 2 for a discussionof the spectrum. 3604 349

3014 281
References: 2421
2241
1. Smolin P.P. & Ziborova T.A. (1976) 1792
Types of water, stoichiometryand relationsbetweenhydromagnesiteand other hydratedmagnesium 1589
carbonates. 1452
!
Doklady USSRAcademyof Sciences,Earth SciencesSection, 226(16), pp.130-133. 1369
1328
2. White W.B. (1974) 1094
The carbonateminerals. 942
In: Farmer(Ed.) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals, 900
767
3. White W.B. (1971) 731
Infrared characterizationof water and hydroxyl ion in the basic magnesiumcarbonateminerals. 676
AmericanMineralogist, 56(1,2), pp.46-53. 514
439
396
o
In
C\J
C\J
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o
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o
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o
In
«
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en
UJ
a:
a.
:::E
o
U
o
o
o
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o I-
o I---i
Z
(TJ
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I-
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o
~
3~N\fllI~SN\f~1 %
A URICHAL CITE
Formula: (Zn,Cu>s(COJ2(OH), Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Aurichalcite
Chemical type: (AB>s(X03hZ q Space group: B2212
Specimen: BM 56865 Palebluelgreenspheroidalaggregateswith calcite, azurite etc.

Source: CopperQueenmine, Bisbee, Arizona, U.S.A.
XRD: 5989F (std)
Composition: Zn:Cu = 1·8:1 with trace Si
Notes Peak Table em-'
The spectrumis quite different from that of the chemically similar rosasite. 3348 841
2920 832
2682 765
2433 742
1. Braithwaite R.S.W. & Ryback G. (1962) 2325 712
Rosasite,aurichalcite,and associatedminerals from Heights of Abraham, Matlock Bath, Derbyshire, 2117 508
with a note on infra-red spectra. 1817 471
Mineralogical Magazine,33(261), pp.441-449. 1773 411
1559 377
1505 315
1413
1365
1203
1087
1070
1031
979
869
C)
~
ru
ru
38NVIIIWSNV~1 %
II AZURITE II
Formula: CU3(C03MOH)2 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Azurite
Chemical type: (ABMXOJ2Z q Space group: P2/c
Specimen: BM 91461. Dark blue crystals.
Source: Chessy,Lyon, France.
XRD:
Composition: Cu only
3426 496
Seeref. 2 for peakassignments. 2923 457
Comparespectrumwith that of malachite. 2593 404
2551 346
2498 312
References: 1881
1861
1. Pijal J. & Zietkiewicz J. (1969) 1835
Experimentalstudy on the substitutionof OH-i groupsby p-i ions in minerals. 1497
Bulletin de l'Aca(iemie Polonaisedes Sciences.Senedes SciencesGeologiqueset Geographiques. 1464
17(1), pp.7-12. 1418
1385
2. Goldsmith J.A. & RossS.D. (1969) 1172
The infra-red spectraof azurite and malachite. 1093
SpectrochimicaActa, 24(A), pp.2131-2137. 954
838
820
771
746
3~NVIII~SNV~1 %
BARENTSITE
Formula: Na7AIH 2(C03)4F4 Crystal system: Triclinic, pseudohexagonal

Chemical class: Acid carbonate Mineral group:
Chemical type: Space group: ?
Specimen: RMS, unregistered.Colourlesscrystal fragments.

Source: Mt Restinyon,Khibina massif, Kola Peninsula,Russia.
XRD: 9065F
Composition: Major Na, Al (F not sought)
Material suppliedby Dr A.P. Khomyakov. [3393] 661

The X-ray diffraction patternof this sampleshowedan additional line at 8·7 A. 2923 599
The spectrummatchesthat shown in ref. 2, but has better resolutionand all peaksshifted by 15-20 cm-! 2853 429
to higher wavenumbersand extra peaksat 2923 and 2833 cm-! . 2585 340
1966 289
1660
1. Thi T.T.L., PobedimskayaYeo A., NadezhinaT.N. & Khomyakov A. P. (1984) 1499
The crystal structuresof alkaline carbonates;barentsite,bonshtedtiteand donnayite. 1438
Acta Crystallographica, (A): Foundationsoj Crystallography, 40 (Supplement), p. C257. 1384
1348
2. Khomyakov A.P., Kurova T.A., NechelyustovG.N. & Piloyan G.O. (1983) 1081
Barentsite,Na7AIHiC03)4F4 , a new mineral. 1035
Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo MineralogicheskogoObshchestva,112, pp.474-479. 1010
(in Russian).Abstractedin AmericanMineralogist, 1984, 69, p.565. 871
839
743
711
686
o
LCJ
N
N
o
o
LCJ
o
o
o
..-t
o
o
LCJ
..-t
o
o
o
N
o
o
o
m
m
o 0
m 0
~~~---r--~-'~-r--~-.r--r--,-~.--.--.---.-~--~--r-- ~
o
o
o
..-t
3:JNV11IHSNV~1 ~
BARSTOWITE
Formula: 3PbC12• PbC03• H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Phosgenite?
Chemical type: Space group: P21/m
Specimen: BM 1990,25 Tiny colourlesscrystal aggregates.(Type specimen).

Source: BoundsCliff, St Endellion, Cornwall, U.K. (Type locality).
XRD: Seeref 1.
Composition: Seeref.1.
Notes Peak Table cm· 7
A full descriptionof this material is given in ref. 1 , including comparisonof the spectrumwith thoseof 3399
phosgeniteand cerussite. 2923
The spectrumis similar to, but distinguishablefrom that of phosgenite. 2854
The small peak at 1385 cm·! may be due to impurity in the KBr medium. 1768
1716
References: 1619
1438
1. Stanley C.J., JonesG.C., Hart A.D., Keller P. & Lloyd D. (1991) 1385?
Barstowite, 3PbCI2·PbC03·H 20, a new mineral from BoundsCliff, St Endellion, Cornwall. 1339
Mineralogical Magazine, 55, pp.121-125. 1106
1051
845
719
671
598
467
394
268
o
ICJ
.
N
N
o
o
In
o
o
o
.....
o
o
.....
In
o
o
o
N
o
o
o
CTJ
o
o o
o
..... ICJ
3~N\111IWSN\1Hl %
II BARYTOCALCITE Ii
Formula: BaCa(C03)2 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical type: AB(X0 3)2 Space group: P21/m
Specimen: BM 40687 Colourlesscrystalson massive.

Source: Bleagill, Alston Moor, Cumbria, U.K. (Type locality).
XRD: 7452F (std)
Composition: Ca:Ba 1:1
Trimorphouswith alstoniteand paralstonite. [3425] 867

The spectrumis distinguishablefrom thoseof both polymorphs. 2926 850
Comparespectrumwith thoseof other membersof aragonitegroup. 2587 839
2543 731
2501 722
2362 695
1. ScheetzB.E. & White W.B. (1977) 2157 679
Vibrational spectraof the alkaline earth double carbonates. 1793 304
AmericanMineralogist, 62, (1,2), pp.36-50. 1786
1773
2. ScheetzB.E. & White W.B. (1975) 1765
A vibrational study of the order/disorderin the alkaline earth double carbonates. 1518
Eos (Transactionsof the American GeophysicalUnion. Washington),56(6), p.463. 1470
1406
1368
1085
1080
878
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38NVIII~SNV~1 %
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38NVIIIWSNVtll %
I BASTNASITE-(Ce) Ii
Formula: (Ce,La)(C03)F Crystal system: Hexagonal

Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Bastnasite
Chemical type : (AB) (X03) Zq Space group: P62c
Specimen: RMS unregistered

Source: Tysfjord, Norway.
XRD: 4227
Composition: Ce:La:Nd = 0'5:0·2:0·3 with minor Pr,Sm,Gd& Y
- ---

I Forms a serieswith hydroxyl-bastnasite-(Ce). [3434]
Spectrafrom a numberof bastnasitespecimensfrom various localities were recorded.The spectrashowed 2927
considerablevariation, possibly due to (OH)/F substitution.IR2958 is an exampleof one of the least 2858
(OH)-bearingbastnasitespecimensstudied, seebastnasite-(La) for an (OH)-bearingexample. 2502
2342
References: 1825
1760
l. AkhmanovaM.N. & Orlova L.P. (1966) 1449
Investigationof rare-earthcarbonatesby infra-red spectroscopy. 1089
Geokhimiya,No.5, pp.71-578. 868
Translatedin: GeochemistryInternational, 3(3), pp.444-45l. 842
763
2. Adler H.H. & Kerr P. F. (1963) 736?
Infrared spectra,symmetry and structurerelations of somecarbonateminerals. 731
AmericanMineralogist, 48, pp.839-853. 722?
612
3. Donnay G. & Donnay J.D.H. (1953) 366
The crystallographyof bastnasite,parisite, rontgeniteand synchysite. 275
AmericanMineralogist, 38(11-12),pp.932-936.
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C)
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38NV1II~SNV~1 %
BASTNASITE-(La)
Formula: (La,Ce)(COJF Crystal system: Hexagonal

Chemical type: (AB)(XOJZq Space group: P62c
Specimen: BM 1946,81 Brown massivewith cerite and allanite

Source: Nya Bastnas,Riddarhyttan,Vastmanland,Sweden.
XRD: 4976 = bastnasitegroup
Composition: La:Ce:Nd = 0·5:0·4:0·1 with trace Ca, AI, Si, Ba
Notes Peak Table em"
Forms a serieswith hydroxyl-bastnasite. 3747 664

The spectrumshows some(OH) substitutionand differs in the region 900-700em'! when comparedto the 3608 360
nearly (OH)-free bastnasite-(Ce)IR2958. 3581 266
3494
References: 3440
2842
1. AkhmanovaM.N. & Orlova L.P. (1966) 2582
Translatedin: GeochemistryInternational, 3(3), pp.444-451. 1760
1443
2. Adler H.H. & Kerr P. F. (1963) 1087 i
Infrared spectra,symmetry and structurerelationsof somecarbonateminerals. 880

AmericanMineralogist, 48, pp.839-853. 868
842
3. Donnay G. & Donnay J.D.H. (1953) The crystallographyof bastnasite,parisite, rontgeniteand 789
synchysite. 749
AmericanMineralogist, 38, (11-12), pp.932-936. 728
720
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
BAYLEYITE
Formula: Mg2(UOJ(COJ3'18~O Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Rutherfordine
Chemical type: A..,Bn (XOJp ·xH20 where (m+n):p = 1:1 Space group: P2/a
Specimen: BM 1963,389 Bright yellow prismatic crystalson sandstonewith anderstonite.
Source: Homestakemine, Ambrosia Lakes, McKinley County, New Mexico, U.S.A.
XRD: 391F (std)
Composition: Mg:U 1,5:1 with traceSi & S
Notes Peak Table cm-1

The spectrumis similar to that of liebigite. 3547 426
3406 396
2233 374
1619
1. Mayer H. & Mereiter K. (1986) 1553
Syntheticbayleyite, Mg2(U02)(C03)3'18H20; thermochemistry,crystallographyand crystal 1387
structure. 1144
TschermoksMineralogischeund PetrographischeMitteilungen. 35(2), pp.133-146. 1116
903
2. Axelrod I.M., Grimaldi F.S., Milton C. & Murata K. 1. (1951) 849
The Uranium minerals from the Hillside mine, Yavapai County, Arizona. 795
AmericanMineralogist, 36, p.lO. 775
731
693
668
604
510
465
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3JNVIIIWSNV~1 %
II BENSTONITE -~
Formula: (Ba,Sr)6(Ca,Mn)~g(COJ13 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Huntite
Chemical type: AB(X03)3 Space group: R3
Specimen: BM 1968,628 Pale yellow crystal groupson fluorite.
Source: Cave in Rock, Hardin County, Illinois, U.S.A.
XRD: 13487 (std)
Composition: Ba:Sr:Ca:Mn:Mg = 2·4:0·2:3·1:0:1 with trace Na & Pb.
~-
-----
The spectrumdisplays a closer relationshipto the aragonite,rather than the calcite group. [3428] 711
SeeFarmer(1974) pp.258-259for discussionand comparisonof alkaline earth double carbonates. 2923 700
Comparealstoniteand barytocalcite. 2854 691
2510 684
2482 513
1763 341
1. ScheetzB.E. & White W.B. (1977) 1755 295
Vibrational spectraof the alkaline earth double carbonates. 1496 266
1409
1179
1087
,
872
845
800
780
719
38NVIII~SNVHl %
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II BEYERITE ]
Formula: (Ca,Pb)Bi2(COJ202or Ca(BiOJ(COJ2 Crystal system: Tetragonal

Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Bismutite
Chemical type: (ABMXOJ2Z q Space group: 14/mmm
Specimen: BM 1965,254 Greylwhite compactwith mica, chalcocite,malachiteon garnet.

Source: Meyer'sRanch pegmatite,Park Co., Colorado,U.S.A.
XRD: 11117 = beyerite
Composition:

The spectrumis similar to that of bismutite. 3696? 1032*
* Peaksbetween1032 and 909 cm-! inc. are probably due to impurities. 3654? 1008*
MatchesSuhner(5-65 A), beyerite, including the triplet at ~ 1750 cm-!. 3621? 954*
3589? 909*
References: 3471? 861
[3324] 848*
l. Kupcik V. (1979) Bismuth; crystal chemistry. 2926? 836?
In: Angino E.E & Long D.T. (Eds.) Geochemistryof bismuth. pp.13-19. 2852? 756
Pub: Dowden, Hutchinsonand Ross, Stroudsburg,PA, U.S.A. 2381? 707
1764 700
2. LagercrantzA. & GunnarS.L. (1948) 1752 693
On the crystal structureof Bi 20 2C03 (bismutite) and CaBiz02(C03}z (beyerite). 1746 685
Arkiv for Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi. (K. SvenskaVetenskapsakad), 25(20). 1644 680
1564 632
3. Heinrich E.W. (1947) Beyerite from Colorado. 1482 568
American Mineralogist, 32(11), pp.660-666. 1431 471
(containsanalysisof material from Meyer's Ranchlocality) 1197 330
1100
1065
o
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38NVIIIWSNVtU %
[ .. BISMUTITE II
Formula: Bi2(C03)02 Crystal system: Tetragonal

Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Bismutite
Chemical type: (ABMX0 3)Zq Space group: 14/mmm
Specimen: BM 1929,1830 Paleyellow, powdery pseudomorphswith malachitein limonite.

Source: Jessiemine, 120 miles S.E. of Kabwe, Zambia.
XRD:
Composition:
Notes Peak Table em· 1
The spectrummatchesSuhner(5-64 A) bismutite, but has an extra peak at 889 cm-I . [3468] 668
2924? 541
2852 375
1755
l. Kupcik V. (1979) Bismuth; crystal chemistry. 1734
In: Angino E.E & Long D.T. (Eds) Geochemistryof bismuth, pp.13-19. 1645
Pub: Dowden, Hutchinsonand Ross, Stroudsburg,PA, USA. 1560
1455
2. LagercrantzA. & GunnarS.L. (1948) 1393
On the crystal structureof Bi 20 2C03 (bismutite) and CaBi20 2(C03)2 (beyerite). 1132
Arkiv for Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi. (K. SvenskaVetenskapsakad), 25(20). 1066
964
889?
862
821
759?
691
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II BRENKITE II
Formula: Ca2(COJF2 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group:
Chemical type: (ABMX0 3)Zq Space group: Pbcn
Specimen: BM 1980,193 Tiny, radiating, colourlessprismatic crystalson phillipsite.

Source: Schellkopf, nr. Brenk, Eifel, Germany(type locality).
XRD: 8109F (std)
Composition: Ca & F only
The spectrummatchesthat given in the original description, ref. 3, exceptfor the lack of a peak in the [3316] 718
600 cm-1 region. 3006 695
2930 514
2856 460
2505 307
1. Leufer U. & Tillmanns E. (1980) Die Kristallstruktur von Brenkit, Ca2F2C03' 2384 ?
TschermaksMineralogischeund PetrographischeMitteilungen, 27(4), pp.261-266. 1808
(in Germanwith English summary). 1524
1506
2. FleischerM., Chao G.Y. & PabstA. (1979) New mineral names. 1455
AmericanMineralogist, 64(12), pp.241-245. 1189
1165
3. HentschelG., Leufer U. & Tillmanns E. (1978) Brenkit, ein neuesKalzium Fluor Karbonatvom 1087
SchellkopfEifel. 860
NeuesJahrbuchjUr Mineralogie, Monatshefte,7, pp.325-329. 843
780
723
3~NV11IWSNV~1 %
[I BRUGNA TELLITE II
Formula: Mg6Fe(CO:J(OH)13·4H20 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Hydrotalcite (sjogrenite)
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P3 or pj
Specimen: BM 1910,560 Bronze, micaceouscoating on serpentine.

Source: Torre SanMarino, Val Malenco, Vaitellina, Lombardia, Italy.
XRD:
Composition: Mg:Fe = 4:1 + trace Mn, Ni
3689 1035
The spectrumis similar to that of sjogreniteand other membersof the hydrotalcitegroup. 3528 1028
3415 957
3292 871
3025 775
2326 674
l. BedogneF. & PaganoR. (1972) 1680 620
Mineral Collecting in Val Malenco. 1653 590
Mineralogical Record. 3(3), pp.120-123. 1548 436
1436 382
2. Fenoglio Massimo. (1938) 1418 310
Ricerchesulla brugnatellite. 1384
Periodico di Mineralogia. 9(1), pp.1-13. 1365
1170
1133
I
1079
1057
I
IR2821
100.0
UJ 6
u
:z:
-<
r-
r-
.....
:::E
en
:z:
-<
a:
r-
~
40-1
20·~1~~--~--~--~~--~--~--~~--~~~--~~--~-r--~~-.r-~~--~-r--~~~
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500

BRUGNATELLITE
II BURBANKITE II
Formula: (Na,CaMSr,Ba,CeMCO~5 Crystal system: Hexagonal

Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Eitelite
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P6immc
Specimen: RMS 1979.25.4

Source: Mont St Hilaire, Quebec, Canada.
XRD: 4184
Composition:
Notes Peak Table cm-1
Comparethe spectrumwith that of the chemically similar carbocernaite. [3431] 466

2925 303
2858
References: 2487
2362
1. Ginderow D. (1989) Structureof Na3M 3(C03)s (M=rare earth,Ca,Na,Sr)relatedto burbankite. 2334
Acta Crystallographica, Section C, Crystal Structure Communications,45(2), pp.185-187. 1773
(in Frenchwith English summary). 1498
1451 i
2. EffenbergerH., Kluger F., PaulusH. & Woelfel E.R. (1985) Crystal structurerefinementof 1411
burbankite.NeuesJahrbuchfUrMineralogie. Monatshefte,(4), pp.161-170. 1391
1076
3. Chen T.T. & Chao G.Y. (1974) Burbankitefrom Mont St Hilaire, Quebec. 876
CanadianMineralogist, 12(5), pp.342-345. 861
838
4. PecoraW.T. & Kerr J.H. (1953) Burbankiteand calkinsite, two new minerals from Montana. 742
712
700
o
ILl
C\I
C\I
o
o
ILl
o
o
o
~
en
ffiOJ
~
::J
-
Z
UJ
o >
o
ILl
«
3:
I
Cl
UJ
en
en
UJ
a:
Q..
~
o
u
o
o
o
C\I
o
o
o
(T')
C\I
~
0'1 0
C\I 0
a: 0
'<;f"
b b
I-t
0
1.0 C\I
0 0
0
~
38NV11I~SNVt:ll %
CALCITE
Formula: CaC03 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Anhydrousnonnal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite
Chemical type: A(XOJ Space group: R3c
Specimen: BM 90698 Large, transparent,colourlesscleavagerhomb, (Icelandspar).
Source: Iceland.
XRD: 2634F = calcite
Composition:

Trimorphouswith vaterite and aragonite.Forms a serieswith rhodochrosite. 2980
The spectrumis typical of all anhydroustrigonal carbonatesof the calcite group i.e. magnesite, 2931
rhodochrosite,siderite, sphaerocobaltite,smithsoniteand otavite. 2872
2587
2515
References: 2170
1798
1. White W.B. (1974) 1734
In: Farmer(Ed) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 1162
Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp. 227-284. 1012
877
848
2. Adler H.H. & Kerr P.F. (1962) 843?
Infrared study of aragoniteand calcite. 713
American Mineralogist, 47(5,6), pp.700-717. 482?
320
IR2600
100.0 ~
I~--------~-------~,
Ul
U
Z
<3:
t-
t- 4
.....
~
en
z<3:
a:
t-
it!!
2
O.'u,---r----,_----~----r_--_,----~----_r----,_----~--_r--_,----r_--,_--~--~r_--~--_r--_, ----r_--,_--~----r_--,_--_r--_,----r_~
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500

CALCITE var. Iceland Spar

II CALLAGHANITE Ii
Formula: CuzMgz(C03)(OH)6'2HzO Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: C2/c
Specimen: BM 1978,334 Thin, violetlblue crystalline crust on matrix.

Source: Basic Mining Co., Gabbs,Nye County, Nevada,U.S.A. (Type locality).
XRD: 7960F (std)
Composition: Cu:Mg = 2:1,2 with trace Si & S

The spectrummatchesthat given in Suhner(5-41 A) for callaghanitefrom the samelocality. 3685 1085
3564 937
3507 855 I

3244 768
1. Brunton G. (1973) 3053 686
Refinementof the CallaghaniteStructure. 2921 517
AmericanMineralogist, 58(56), pp.551-1973. 2881? 489
2489 463
2. Beck c.W. & Burns J.H. (1954) 2366 408
Callaghanite,a new mineral [Nev.]. 1928 386
AmericanMineralogist, 39(7,8), pp.630-635. 1845 355
1793 304
1627 250?
1567
1462
1422
1171
o
Ln
N
N
o
o
Ln
o
o
o
..-t
en
~
::E
:::J
Z
o ~
o <t
1.0 !!:
..-t I
filen
en
LLI
~
o
u
o
o
o
N
o
o
o
rrJ
o o
o
..-t
3~NVIIIHSNVt:J1 %
II CANA VESITE II
Formula: Mg2(COJ(HB03)·5~O Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: Compoundcarbonate Mineral group:
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: 21m ?

Source: Brossomine, Canavesedistrict, Piemonte,Italy. (Type locality).
XRD: 4118
Composition:

The spectrummatchesthat in Suhner(5-63 A) for canavesite,from the samelocality. 3407
1511
1440
References: 1321
1159
1. FerrarisG. & Franchini A.M. (1978) 1108
Canavesite,a new carboboratemineral from Brosso, Italy. 1006
768
693
440
339
o
In
ru
ru
o
o
In
o
o
o
...-1
en
~
::E
:::::J
Z
LU
o >
o <2:
In 3:
....... I
o
LU
en
en
LU
II
0..
::E
o
U
o
o
o
ru
~
......
o en
o
o LU
CTl >
<2:
Z
<2:
U
In
ru
m 0
ru 0
0
II
......
""'"
0 cd
0 0
0 In
...-1
3~NVllI~SNVI::I1 %
CARBOCERNAITE
Formula: (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO:J2 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Eitelite?
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: Pmc21
Specimen: NHM unregistered.

Source: Sarnu,BarmerDistrict, Rajasthan,India.
XRD: 8661F
Composition: Ca:Na:Sr:La:Ce:Ba= 1:0,4:0,4:0,2:0,2:0'03+ minor Pr, Nd, Sm
A chemical analysisand descriptionof this material is given in ref. 1. [3436] 573

I
The spectrumis similar to, but distinguishablefrom that of burbankite,which is close in composition. 2924 463
2860 322
References: 2516
1771
1. Wall F., LeBas M.J. & SrivastavaR.K. (1993) Calcite and carbocemaiteexsolutionand cotectic 1468
structuresin a Sr, REE-rich carbonatitedyke from Rajasthan,India. 1422
Mineralogical Magazine,57, (in press). 1185
1124
2. Shi Nicheng, Ma Zhesheng& Peng Zhizhong (1982) The crystal structureof carbocemaite. 1090
Kexue Tongbao(Foreign LanguageEdition), 27, (1), pp.76-80. 1071
873
3. Harris D.C. (1972) Carbocemaite,a Canadianoccurrence. 857
737
4. Bulakh A.K., Kondrat'evaV.V. & BaranovaE.N. (1961) Carbocemaite,a new rare earth carbonate. 716
Zapiski VsesoiuznoeMineralogicheskoeObshchestvo,90, pp.42-49. (In Russian) 696
Abstractedin: AmericanMineralogist, 1961,46,p.1202. 637
612
w
ffim
~
z
~
C)
w
>
C)
~ x
~
~
I
C
W
W
W
W
~
~
~
0
u
C)
C)
C)
N
3~NVllIHSNV~1 %
CARBONATE-CYANOTRICHITE
Formula: CU4AI2(C03,SO,J(OH)12'2H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Compoundcarbonate Mineral group: Cyanotrichite
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: ?

Source: Engle mine, PlumasCounty, California, USA.
XRD: 4108
Composition:
3416
2220
2056
References: 1634
1453
1. Ankinovich E.A., Gekht 1.1. & ZaitsevaR.I. (1963) 1369
Zapiski Vsesoyuzni Mineralogicheskoe Obshchestva, 92, pp.458-463. 1101
Abstractedin American Mineralogist, 1964, 49, pp.441-442. 1030
883
747
652
605
568
505
445
IR2927
100.0
SO-::::
Ul
u
z<{
t-
I- 70-1
....
~
en
z<{
a:
l-
N
6
50." II
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500

CARBONATE-CYANOTRICHITE
CERUSSITE
Formula: PbC03 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical type: A(XOJ Space group: Pmcn
Specimen: BM 1926,187 Transparent,grey, twinned platy crystals.

Source: Tsumeb,Namibia.
XRD:
Composition: Pb only
Comparethe spectrumwith that from other membersof the aragonitegroup. [3439]

The spectrumhas beenbaselinesubtractedto removethe effects of scatteringat high wavenumbersdue to 2924
the refractive index differencebetweenthe sampleand KBr medium. 2730
2461
References: 2404
1740
1. Gevork'yanS.V. & PovarennikhO.S. (1983) 1727
New infrared spectrafor mineralsin the calcite and aragonitegroups. 1429
Dopovidi AkademiyiNauk Ukrayins'koyiRSR, 1395
Seriya B: Geologichni, Khimichni ta Biologichni Nauki. 11, pp.8-12. 1102
(In Russianwith English summary). 1051
994
2. White W.B. (1974) The carbonateminerals. In: Farmer(Ed), The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 839
698?
3. Grisafe D.A. & White W.B. (1964) 678
Phaserelations in the systemPbO CO2 and the decompositionof cerussite. 474
American. Mineralogist, 49(9,10), pp.1184-1198. 242?
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
~nn COALINGITE Ii
Formula: FezMglo(C03)(0H)24·2H20 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Sjogrenite
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: R3m
Specimen: BM 1977,102 Bronze, thin, micaceouscrust on serpentine.
Source: Dallas Gem mine (near), SanBenito County, California, U.S.A.
XRD: 7962F = coalingite (seenotes).
Composition: Mg:Fe:Mn = 9:2:0·3
- ---------

The X-ray powder diffraction patternof this specimendisplayedsomedifferencesc.f. PDF 26-1217 3696 441
possibly due to preferredorientationin the PDF sample.The spectrumdiffers from that shown in the 3641 376
original description(ref.3). 3584 275?
3454
References: 2928
2363
l. DelnavazH. & AHmann R. (1988) 2338
Fe-brucite,coalingite and pyroauritein the systemMgO-Fe-02-H 2O(C02) 1632
Proceedingsand posters; 66th annual meetingof the GermanMineralogical Society. 1585
Fortschritte der Mineralogie, Beiheft. 66(1), p.23. 1384
1345
2. PastorR.J. & Taylor H.F.W. (1971) Crystal structureof coalingite. 1166
Mineralogical Magazine, 38(295), pp.286-294. 1078 ,
1024
3. Mumpton F.A., Jaffe H.W. & ThompsonC.S. (1965) 958
Coalingite, a new mineral from the New Idria serpentinite,Fresnoand San Benito Counties, 799
California. AmericanMineralogist, 50(11,12), pp.1893-1913. 778
570
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
CORDYLITE-(Ce)
Formula: F2
Ba(Ce,La)iCOJ3 Crystal system: Hexagonal
Chemical type: (AB)(XOJZq Space group: P63/mmc
Specimen: BM 1924,854 Pale yellow/greenstriatedhexagonalcrystalswith parisite.

Source: Narsarsuk,Julianehaab,Greenland.(Type locality).
XRD: 8233F = cordylite
Composition: Ba:Ce:La:Nd = 1·0:1·0:0·6:0·1 with trace Sr,Ca,Th
----

The spectrumis more complex than thoseof the chemically similar bastnasite,synchysiteand parisite. [3441] 513
2811 464
2612 405
2476
1. Zhang Peishan& Tao Kejie. (1985) 1808
Cordylite in Bayun Obo. 1802
Scientia GeologicaSinica, (2), pp.191-195. 1774
1486
2. Chen T.T. & Chao G.Y. (1975) 1408
Cordylite from Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec. 1180
881
Cordylite re-examined. 802
Geological Societyof America Bulletin, 66(12), pt 2, p.1551. 719
690
634
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
[ ~~~ ~
Formula: NaAl(COJ(OH)2 Crystal system: Orthorhombic
Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Dawsonite
Chemical type: (ABMX0 3)Zq Space group: Imam
Specimen: RMS 1978.2.

Source: Franconquarry, St Michel, Montreal Island, Quebec,Canada.
XRD: 4096
Composition: Major Na,Al trace Fe

Peakassignmentsfor dawsoniteare discussedin Farmer. 3471 731
3286 694
2819 549
2605 487
1. SernaC.J., GarciaRamosJ.V. & PenaM.J. (1985) 2472 394
Vibrational study of dawsonitetype compoundsMAl(OH)2 C03 (M = Na, K, NH4) 2098 363
SpectrochimicaActa, Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy,41, (5), pp.697-702. 1978 306
1889 284
2. Estep P.A. & Karr C. Jr. (1968) 1826 252
The infrared spectraof dawsonite. 1773
1561
3. Frueh A.J.Jr. & Golightly J.P. (1967) 1398
The crystal structureof dawsoniteNaAl(C03)(OH)2 1097
CanadianMineralogist, 9, pp.51-56. 953
863
848
o
Ln
C\J
C\J
o
o
Ln
o
o
o
......
Ul
ffiOJ
::E
:::::J
Z
Ul
o >
o
Ln
«
3:
...... I
CJ
Ul
Ul
Ul
UJ
a:
0-
::E
o
U
o
o
o
C\J
Ul
o I-
o 1-1
o Z
o
CTl
Ul
3:
«
CJ
Ln
CTl
m 0
0
C\J
a:
I-<
0
"'l"
0
1.0
cd
0 0
0
......
3JNV11I~SNVtJl %
II DEFERNITE II
Formula: Ca3C03(OH,CI)4·H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: Pna2} or Pnam

Source: Kombat mine, Namibia.
XRD: 4101
Composition:
Seeref. no.1 for a discussionof the mineral formula and substitutions. 3575 859
2927 766?
2564 748?
References: 2481 738?
2363 654
l. PeacorD.R., Sarp H., Dunn P.J., Innes J. & Nelen J.A. (1988) 2334 538
Defemite from Kombat Mine, Namibia; a secondoccurrence,structurerefinement,and crystal 1777 510
chemistry. 1542 343
AmericanMineralogist, 73(78), pp.888-893. 1467
1414
2. Liebich B.W. & Sarp H. (1985) 1303
The crystalline structureof defemite. 1255
SchweizerischeMineralogischeund PetrographischeMitteilungen, 65(2,3), pp.153-158. 1211
1187
3. Sarp H., Taner M.F., DefemeJ., Bizouard H. & Liebich B.W. (1980) 1080
Defemite, a new chloro-hydroxyl calcium carbonate. 1039
Bulletin de la SocieteFrancaisede Mineralogie et de Christallographie, 103(2), pp.185-189. 990
934
871
C)
~
N
N
C)
o
C)
N
3~NVllI~SNVHl %
~ ~~~ ~
Formula: M~n2(C03)(OH)16·4H20 Crystal system: Trigonal
Chemical type: A",Bn(XOJpZq ·xH20 Space group: R3m orR3m
Specimen: BM 1978,602.Tiny orange/brownplaty crystals.

Source: San Benito County, California, U.S.A.
XRD: 20221 = desautelsite
Composition: Mg:Mn = 6:1·3 with trace Si.

The spectrumis similar to thoseof hydrotalcite, pyroauriteand sjogrenite. 3591
3452
1632
References: 1595
1380
1. Dunn P.J., PeacorD.R. & PalmerT.D. (1979) 1349
Desautelsite,a new mineral of the pyroauritegroup. 1292
1080
1017
997
661
613
401
3~NVllIWSNV~1 %
II DOLOMITE II
Formula: CaMg(C03)2 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Dolomite
Specimen: BM 1947,52 White rhombs on quartz.
Source: North Pool mine, Illogan, Cornwall. U.K.
Spectrum ref. No.: IR2662
XRD:
Composition: Ca:Mg = 1:1 pure
Forms a serieswith ankeriteand kutnohorite. 3019

Comparethe spectrumwith thoseof other membersof the dolomite group i.e. ankerite& kutnohorite. 2896
2628
References: 2528
1821
1. Dubrawski J.V., ChannonA.L. & Warne S.S.J. (1989) 1441
The effects of substitutionin the dolomite ferroan dolomite ankeriteseriesas illustrated by FTIR. 1090
NeuesJahrbuchjUr Mineralogie. Monatshefte,8, pp.337-344. 882
853
2. Rao Yuxue. (1986) Infrared spectroscopyused to identify minerals of the dolomite ankeriteseries. 729
Geologyand Prospecting,22, (4), pp.41-42. 369
323
I
3. RakcheevA.D. (RakcheyevA.D.)., RagabM.A. & VentslovaiteE.1. (1984) 262
Diagnosisof calcium, magnesium,and iron carbonatesaccordingto light absorptionspectra.
Moscow University GeologyBulletin, 39, (6), pp.66-71.
4. FarmerV.c. & Warne S.S.J.(1978) Infrared spectroscopicevaluationof iron contentsand excess

calcium in minerals of the dolomite ankeriteseries.
AmericanMineralogist, 63 (7,8), pp.779-781.
C)
~
ru
ru
3JNVIII~SNV~1 %
II DONNA YITE-fYJ Ii
Formula: NaCaSr3Y (C03)6·3H20 Crystal system: Triciinic, pseudotrigonal

Chemical class: Hydrated normal carbonate Mineral group: Mckelveyite
Chemical type: A",B n (X03)p·xH20 where (m+n):p = 1:1 Space group: PI
Specimen: RMS unregistered.

Source: Mont St Hilaire, Quebec, Canada.
XRD: 4556
Composition:
---
The spectrumis similar to thoseof welloganite and mckelveyite. 3418 720

3280 697
2956 632
2857 464
l. Thi T.T.L., PobedimskayaYeo A., NadezhinaT.N. & Khomyakov A.P. (1984) 2583 413
The crystal structuresof alkaline carbonates;barentsite,bonshtedtiteand donnayite. 2428 284
Acta Crystallographica, (AJ: Foundationsof Crystallography, 40 (Supplement), p.C257. 1733
1684 :
2. Chao G.Y., Mainwaring P.R. & Baker 1. (1978) 1523

Donnayite, NaCaSr3Y(C03)6'lf~O, a new mineral from Mont St Hilaire, Quebec. 1476
Canadian Mineralogist, Donnay issue, 16 (3), pp.335-340. 1445
1396
1359
1196
1150
1061
855
3~NVIIIWSNV~1 %
DRESSERITE
Formula: B8zAI4(COJ4(OH)8·3~O Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Alumohydrocalcite
Chemical type: A,..Bn (X03)pZq·xH20 where (m+n):p = 3:2 Space group: Pbnm
Specimen BM 1970,200 Silky white radiating fibres on matrix with quartz etc.
Source: FranconQuarry, St Michel, Montreal Island, Quebec,Canada.(Type locality).
XRD: 15672 = dresserite
Composition: Ba:Al = 1:2·3 with traceNa,Mn,Sr.

The spectrummatchesthat given in ref. 1, with the addition of extra peaksaround2900 cm-I . The 3629 859
I
spectrumis similar to, but distinguishablefrom that of strontiodresserite_ 3485 841
3226 799
2962 753
2851 669
1. Farrell D.M. (1977) 2585 567
Infrared investigationof basic double carbonatehydrateminerals. 2132 537
CanadianMineralogist, 15(3), pp.408-413. 1848 464
1811 401
2. JamborJ.L., Fong D.G. & SabinaA.P. (1969) 1641 371
Dresserite,the new barium analogueof dundasite. 1542 312
1453
1376
1171
1090
1041
954
o
10
Rl
o
o
10
o
o
o
~
o
o
10
~
o
o
o
N
o
o
o
IT)
IT)
o
m 0
N 0
ES~~-'--.--r~--.--.~.-.--.--r-.--.--r--r-'--.--r-'--+--- ~
o
o o
o
~
3~NVllIHSNV~1 %
DUNDASITE
Formula: PbAl2(COJ2(OH)4·H 20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Dundasite
Chemical type: A.,.Bn(XOJpZq·xH20 Space group: Pbnm
Specimen: BM 1927,1814 White, fibrous, radiating, botryoidal crust with crocoite.

Source: Adelaide Proprietarymine, Dundas,County Montagu, Tasmania,Australia. (Type locality).
XRD: 7958F (std)
Composition: Pb:Al = 1:1·4 with trace Si,Fe.
Notes Peak Table em·!

The spectrumis close to that shown in ref. 1 ,wherepeak assignmentsare given, and comparisonsmade 3596 844
with the spectraof dresseriteand strontiodresserite. 3450 825
3076 750
2858 671
1. Farrell D.M. (1977) 2484 576
2115 446
2. Cocco G., Fanfani L., Nunzi A. & ZanazziP.F. (1972) 1810 386
The crystalstructureof dundasite. 1642 323
Mineralogical Magazine,38(297), pp.564-569. 1523 300
1506
3. Ford R. J. (1967) 1400
A new analysisof dundasitefrom Tasmania. 1100
Papersand Proceedingso/the Royal Societyo/Tasmania,101, p.9. 967
925
885
o
"'gj
o
o
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~
3JNVllIHSNV~1 %
DYPINGITE
Formula: Mgs(C03)4(OH)2·5H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic ?

Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: PI?
Specimen: BM 1978,500 White botryoidal crystallineaggregates,with canavesite.

Source: Brosso,Ivrea, Piemonte,Italy.
XRD: 7857F = dypingite or very near
Composition: Mg with trace S.
Notes Peak Table em-!
The spectrum matchesthat in the original description(ref.3), and is also very close to that of 3650
hydromagnesite,except in the 3400-3700cm-! region. 3510
3443
2929
References: 1601
1484
1. CanterfordI.H., TsambourakisG. & Lambert R. (1984) 1428
Someobservationson the propertiesof dypingite, Mg5(C03)4 (OH)2'5I-\O, and related minerals. 1113
Mineralogical Magazine,48(3), pp.437-442. 1097
944
2. Smolin P.P. & Ziborova T.A. (1976) 883
Types of water, stoichiometryand relationsbetweenhydromagnesiteand other hydratedmagnesium 855
carbonates. 799
Doklady-Academyof Sciencesof the USSR" Earth SciencesSection,226(16), pp.130-133. 718
665
3. RaadeG. (1970) 596
Dypingite, a new hydrousbasic carbonateof magnesium,from Norway. 425
o
l.()
C\J
C\J
o
o
l.()
o
o
o
...;
UJ
a:
UJ
(Xl
::E
::J
Z
UJ
o >
o
l.()
«
3:
...; I
Cl
UJ
UJ
UJ
UJ
a:
0-
::E
o
(J
o
o
o
C\J
UJ
o r-
o ~
o (,!)
z
C11 ~
0-
>-
Cl
to
(Xl
"a:
0
C\J 0
0
"'f
b bb
~
0
(Xl to "'f
0 0
0 C\J
...;
3:JNV 11 I WSNVI:U %
II GASPEITE I
Formula: (Ni,Mg,Fe)C03 (seenotes) Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Anhydrous nonnal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite
Chemical type: A(X0 3) Space group: R3c
Specimen: BM 1985,497 Palegreenlyellowcoating with kambaldaite.
Source: Otter Shoot, Kambalda,Kalgoorlie, WesternAustralia.
XRD: 6705F (std)
Composition: Ni:Mg = 1: <0·1 with trace Fe
I
Forms a serieswith magnesite.Specimenswith high nickel and low iron are rare, many gaspeites areI 3511
magnesiangaspeiteor nickeloanmagnesite.This specimenis close to the ideal formula NiC03• 3483
Comparethe spectrumwith that in Suhner(5-29 A), and original data (ref.2), which relate to zincian and 3295
magnesianspecies. 2925
2859
References: 2502
1825
l. White W.B. (1974) 1438
753
2. Kohls D.W. & RoddaJ.L. (1966) 531
Gaspeite,(Ni,Mg,Fe)(C03) a new carbonatefrom the GaspePeninsula,Quebec. 374
AmericanMineralogist, 51(5,6), pp.677-684. 240?
38NVllI~SNV~1 %
II GA YLUSSITE II
Formula: NazCa(C03)z·5HzO Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Gaylussite
Chemical type: A..,Bn (X03)p·xHzO where (m+n):p > 1:1 Space group: C2/c or Cc
Specimen: BM 1974,217 Colourlessisolatedcrystals.

Source: Lake Amboseli, Nairobi, Kenya.
XRD: 7854F (std)
Composition: Na & Ca only

The spectrummatchesthose from specimensfrom other localities, also that of Adler & Kerr (ref.4), but 3345 523
not that in Sadtler(80). The spectrumis easily distinguishablefrom that of the lower hydrate, pirssonite. 2966 267
2499
2461
References: 2393
1787
1. Maglione G. & Carn M. (1975) Infrared spectraof saline and silicate minerals from the Chad Basin. 1662
Fr., Off Rech. Sci. Tech. Outre Mer, Cah., Ser. Geol., 7, (1), pp. 3-9. 1617
1444
2. White W.B. (1974) The carbonateminerals.In: Farmer(Ed) The Infrared Spectraoj Minerals. 1414
Mineralogical Societyoj London, MonographNo.4, pp.227-284. 1070
898
3. Dickens B. & Brown. W.E. (1969) The crystal structureof CaNaz(C03)2'5lIz0,syntheticgaylussite, 876
and CaNa2(C03)2'2H20,syntheticpirssonite.Inorganic Chemistry,8, pp.2093-2103 805
720
4. Adler H.H. & Kerr P.F. (1963) Infrared spectra,symmetry and structurerelationsof somecarbonate I
693
minerals. AmericanMineralogist, 48, pp.839-853. 653
557
.
~
N
N
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
II GLAUKOSPHAERITE I
Formula: (Cu,NiMC03)(OH)z Crystal system: Monoclinic, pseudo-orthorhombic.

Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Malachite (rosasite)
Chemical type: (AB>z(XOJZq Space group: ?
Specimen: BM 1984,381 Bluelgreenradiating acicular aggregates,with rosasite.

XRD: 4082F = glaukosphaerite
Composition: Cu:Ni:Mg = 1·2:0'8:0·1

The spectrumis close to thoseof kolwezite, mcguinnessiteand rosasite.Also comparewith malachite. 3497
Matchesthe partial spectrumshown in ref.2. 3247
1528
1420
References: 1384
1174
1. Nickel E.H. & Berry L.G. (1981) 1099
The new mineral nullaginite and additional dataon the relatedminerals rosasiteand glaukosphaerite. 1049
CanadianMineralogist, 19,(2), pp.315-324. 852
828
2. Deliens M. & Piret P. (1980) 739
Kolwezite, Cu-Co hydroxycarbonate,analogueof glaukosphaeriteand rosasite. 704
Bulletin de la SocieteFranraise de Mineralogie et de Cristallographie, 103, (2), pp.179-184. 669
556
3. Pryce M.W. & Just J. (1974) 464
Glaukosphaerite:A new nickel analogueof rosasite. 406
Mineralogical Magazine, 39,(307), pp.737-743. 327
274
I
o
La
ru
ru
o
o
La
o
o
o
..-t
en
c:
1.1.1
III
::E:
::::l
Z
UJ
o >
o <t
La 3;
...-f I
CI
1.1.1
en
en
UJ
c:
c..
::E:
o
U
o
o
o
ru
~
......
0:
1.1.1
<t
::l:
o c..
o en
o o
I"IJ ~
::::l
<t
...J
(.!)
m
to
(X) 0
ru 0
c:
......
0
"<:t
0 b
(X)
b
to "<:t
0
0
0 ru
...-f
3JNVllIWSNVHl %
HARKERITE
Formula: Ca24Mgs[AISi4(0,0H)lJ2(B03MC03MH
20,CI) * Crystal system: Trigonal, pseudo-cubic
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: R3m

Source: CamasMalag, Isle of Skye, Highland Region, Scotland,U.K.
XRD: 9997
Composition: Ca:Mg:AI:Si:CI ~ 12:5:1:5:0'5+ trace Fe(B not determined)
-------
* Idealisedunit cell content. See ref. 1 for a discussionof the structureand unit cell contents. 3685 612
3435 585
2953 538
2859 403
1. GiuseppettiG., Mazzi F. & Tadini C. (1977) 2594 319
The crystal structureof harkerite. 2515
American Mineralogist, 62(3,4), pp.263-272. 1793
1734
2. Malinko S.V. & KuznetsovaN.N. (1973) 1515
A new find of sakhaite. 1242
Zapiski VsesoiuznoeMineralogicheskoe Obshchestvo,102(2), pp.164-170. 976
(includes comparisonwith harkerite& IR spectra). 904
877
3. Tilley C.E. (1951) 861
The zoned contact skarnsof the Broadford area, Skye; a study of boron fluorine metasomatismin 852
dolomites. 776
713
o
LCl
C\J
C\J
o
o
LCl
o
o
o
~
U)
a:
UJ
CD
:::E
:J
Z
UJ
o >
o <
LCl 3:
~
I
o
UJ
U)
U)
UJ
a:
0-
:::E
o
U
o
o
o
C\J
UJ
o r-
.......
o a:
o
CT'J
~
a:
<
:c
LO
C\J
C1 0
C\J 0
a:
.......
0
.;;t
0 d
0
0
0
...-1
3:JN\fllI~SN\ft:ll %
HELLYERITE
Formula: NiC03·6H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Nesquehonite
Chemical type: A(XOJ·x~O Space group: C2/c
Specimen: BM 1959,534 Blue/greenplaty crystalscoating matrix with zaratite.

Source: Lord Brasseymine, Heazelwood,County Russell, Tasmania,Australia. (Type locality).
XRD: 7948F = amorphous(seenotes)
Composition: Ni with trace Cu, Zn, Cl
--- -

The spectrumis very close to that of zaratite, i.e. the hellyerite may have dehydrated. 3411
Previousx-ray work on this specimengave patternsmatchingthosein the original description, ref.2. 2926
2856
1568
1422
References: 1161
1086 !
l. IsaacsT. (1963) 1030 I
The mineralogy and chemistryof the nickel carbonates. 837

779
2. Williams K.L., ThreadgoldI.M. & Hounslow A.W. (1959) 680
Hellyerite, a new nickel carbonatefrom Heazlewood,Tasmania. 622
463
399
374
325
~
en
~ 0
ru 0
~ 0
b
~~--~--~----~--~--~----~--~--~----~--~--~----~- ~
CD m
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
HUNTITE
Formula: CaMg3(CO:J4 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Anhydrousnonnal carbonate Mineral group: Huntite (calcite)
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: R32
Specimen: BM 1972,214 White powdery nodule.

Source: Boquira, Bahia, Brazil.
XRD: Seenotes
Composition: Ca:Mg ~ 1:3
Notes Peak Table cm-'

The spectrummatchesthat from NHM x-ray standardhuntite from Tea Tree Gulley, South Australia. 2979 386
Comparethe spectrumwith thosefrom other membersof the calcite group. 2901 283
2584 249?
2546
References: 1828
1543
1. Ozao R. & OtsukaR. (1985) 1508
Thermoanalyticalinvestigationof huntite. 1463
ThermochimicaActa, 86, pp.45-58. 1442
113
2. ShayanA. (1984) 891
Strontium in huntites from Geelongand DeerPark, Victoria, Australia. 887
851
3. ScheetzB.E. & White W.B. (1977) 744
Vibrational spectraof the alkaline earthdouble carbonates. 697
449
3~NVIII~SNV~1 %
II HYDROCERUSSITE II
Formula: Pb3(C03MOH)2 Crystal system: Hexagonal

Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Hydrocerussite
Chemical type: (ABMXOJ2Z q Space group: PI?
Specimen: BM 1970,108 Whitelcolourlessplaty crystals with calcite.

Source: MereheadQuarry, Mendip Hills, Somerset,U.K.
XRD: Seenotes
Composition:
The spectrummatchesthat from NHM, x-ray standard,BM 1923,724(Priddy, Somerset),and is easily 3530
distinguishedfrom that of cerussite. 3450
2923
2419
1736
References: 1631
1410
l. Bilinski H. & SchindlerP. (1982) 1226
Solubility and equilibrium constantsof lead in carbonatesolutions. 1099
Geochimicaet CosmochimicaActa, 46(6), pp.921-928. 1046
850
2. Bessiere-MorandatJ., Lorenzelli V. & LecomteJ. (1970) 781
Determinationand attribution of infrared active vibrations of somebasic carbonates. 693
Journal de Physique,Paris, 31, pp.309-312. 683
620
468
393
IR2750
100.0
UJ 6
U
z
«
t-
t-
....
::::E
Ul
Z
«
II
I--
~
4
20.'~/--+----.----r----r----r---~---'r---~--~r-~r-~--~--~--~---'---'---'---'---'--~--~-- ~--~--~--~--~~
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500

HYDROCERUSSITE
HYDROMAGNESITE
Formula: Mgs(C03M°H)2'4H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P21/c
Specimen: BM 1975,597 Whitelcolourlessbladedcrystalson serpentine.

Source: Red Mountain District, SantaClara County, California, U.S.A.
XRD: 19248 = hydromagnesite
Composition: Mg only
-- -----_.. _ - - - - - - - - - - - - -
See Farmerfor a discussionof the spectrumand other referencesto IR work on hydratedmagnesium 3650 379
carbonates.The spectrumis close to that of dypingite. 3516 337
3452 250?
References: 3237
2994
1. NechiporenkoG.O., SokolovaG.V., Ziborova T.A. & BondarenkoG.P. (1988) 2588
Hydratedhydromagnesite.MineralogicheskiyZhurnal, 10(1), pp.78-85. (English summary). 2541
1483
2. CanterfordI.H., TsambourakisG. & Lambert R. (1984) 1428
Someobservationson the propertiesof dypingite, Mgs(C03MOH)2'5Hz0and related minerals. 1120
Mineralogical Magazine, 48(348), pp.437-442. 1109
884
3. Smolin P.P. & Ziborova T.A. (1977) Types of water, stoichiometryand relations between 853
hydromagnesiteand other hydratedmagnesiumcarbonates. 786
Doklady-Academyof Sciencesof the USSR" Earth SciencesSection, 226(1,6), pp.130-133. 747
714
4. White W.B. (1971) Infrared characterizationof water and hydroxyl ion in the basic magnesium 596
carbonateminerals. AmericanMineralogist, 56(1,2), pp.46-53. 472
436
o
U'l
C\J
C\J
o
o
U'l
o
o
o
.......
r.n
0:
LU
IJ)
::E
::::J
Z
LU
o >
o «
U'l ~
....... I
Cl
LU
r.n
r.n
LU
0:
a.
::E
o
(J
o
o
o
C\J
LU
f-
......
r.n
zLU
o «
(!)
o
o ::E
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C11
0:
t:J
>-
:r:
o
o
o
"'<t
o
CD ID
o o
o
.......
3JN'V 11 I v-l8N'VtU %
HYDRO TAL CITE
Formula: Mg6AI2(COJOH16·4H20 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Sjogrenite(hydrotalcite)
Chemical type: A".Bn(XOJpZq·xH 20 Space group: R3morR3m
Specimen: BM 89358 White, soft, micaceousmassivewith manasseite.

Source: Snarum,Norway. (Type locality?).
XRD: 8067F = hydrotalcite + slight impurity
Composition: Mg & AI only
- ~~ --------
Dimorphouswith manasseite. 3573

The spectrumis similar to, but simpler than, that of manasseite. 3510
It has an additional peak at 1632 cm-i in comparisonwith that in Suhner(5-66 A) hydrotalcite. 2431
1653
1632
References: 1583
1372
l. IdemuraS., Suzuki E. & Ono Y. (1989) 855
Electronic stateof iron complexesin the interlayer of hydrotalcitelike materials. 664
Clays and Clay Minerals, 37(6), pp.553-557. 557
414
2. HernandezMoreno M.J., Ulibarri M.A., RendonJ.L. & SernaC.J. (1985)
IR characteristicsof hydrotalcite-likecompounds.
Physicsand Chemistryof Minerals, 12(1), pp.34-38.
o
In
C\I
C\I
o
o
In
o
o
o
~
en
ffi
m
:::E:
::J
Z
UI
o >
o <t
In 3;
~ I
o
UI
en
en
UI
a:
a..
:::E:
o
(J
o
o
o
C\I
o
o
o
[T)
[T)
In
CD 0
C\I 0
a:
1--1
0
'o;t
0 cd
0 0
0
~
3~N\f 11 I ~SN\ft::U %
HYDROZINCITE
Formula: Zns(COJZ(OH)6 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical type: (AB>S<XOJzZq Space group: C2/m
Specimen: BM 1934,975 White chalky massive,with tiny colourlessneedle-shaped

crystals.
Source: Goodsprings,Clark County, Nevada,U.S.A.
XRD: 1692F = hydrozincite
Composition: Zn only

The chalky material gave a much more detailedand well-resolvedspectrumthan the associatedcolourless 3300 692
needles(also hydrozincite). 3243 517
Comparethe spectrumwith that of hydrozincite ("Dorchestertype") IR2755. 2590 467
2395 389
2104 375
1589 280
1. JamborJ.L. (1966) 1548 265
Natural and synthetichydrozincites. 1507
1364
1336
1068
1048
953
893
836
738
710
o
o
o
ru
38NV11IWSNV~1 %
II HYDROZINCITE (dorchester type) I
Formula: Zns(C03M°H)6 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical type: (AB >S<X03)2Z q Space group: C2/m
Specimen: BM 1983,452.Thin white coating.

Source: Parc and Fucheslasmine, Betws-y-Coed,Caernarvonshire,Wales, U.K.
XRD: 4881F = hydrozincite(dorchestertype)
Composition:
The spectrumis less complex than hydrozinciteIR2754, but has the sameoverall pattern. 2359
2584
2361
References: 2336
2102
1. JamborJ.L. (1966) 1774
Natural and synthetichydrozincites. 1508
Canadian Mineralogist, 8(5), pp.652-653. 1387
1047
950
888
834
738
708
474
367
296
3~NVllIWSNV~1 %
IKAITE?
Formula: CaC03·6H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical type: A(XOJ·xH20 Space group: C2/c or Cc
Specimen: NHM unregistered.Brown, translucent,bipyramidalisolatedcrystals.

Source: Barrow, Alaska.
XRD:
Composition:

Ikaite is unstableat room temperatureand is storedbelow OCC. This specimenmay be partially 3467
decomposedto calcite plus water. The spectrumwas checkedby repeatingas a mull which gave an 2515
identical result. 2387
2258
References: 1797
1641
1. Kennedy G.L., Hopkins D.M. & PickthomW.l. (1987) 1421
Ikaite, the glendoniteprecursor,in estuarinesedimentsat Barrow, Arctic Alaska. 1082
In: Dickinson, W.R. (Ed) Geological Societyof America, 1987annual meetingand exposition. 877
Abstractswith Programs, Geological Societyof America, 19(7), p.725. 710
680
2. Shaikh A.M. & ShearmanD.l. (1987) 614
On ikaite and the morphologyof its pseudomorphs. 571
In: RodriguezC.R. & Tardy Y.(Eds.) Geochemistryand mineral formation in the Earth sUrface. 316
Cons. Super. Invest. Cient., Barcelona,Spain, pp.791-803.
C)
~
ru
ru
3~NVllIWSNV~1 %
INDIGIRITE ?
Formula: Mg2AI2(C03M°H)2'15H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic ?

Chemical type: A..,B n (XOJ pZ q ·xH20 Space group: ?
Specimen: BM 1974,521 White powdery coating on matrix.

Source: Sarylakbdeposit,Indigirki River, Yakutia, Yakutskya,Russia. (Type locality).
XRD:
Composition: Mg:AI = 1'2:1? with minor Si,Ca,Pand trace Na & Fe
"An inadequatelydescribedspecies"- ref. I. 3460

2073
1747
References: 1636
1543
1. FleischerM. (1972) 1513
New mineralsnames. 1400
1360
2. Indolev L.N., ZhdanovYu. Ya., KashirtsevaK.I., Suknev V.S. & Del'yanidi K.1. (1971) 1113
Magnesiumand aluminum hydrocarbonate;new mineral indighirite. 1024
Zapiski VsesoiuznoeMineralogicheskoeObshchestvo,100(2), pp.178-183. 975
786
689
621
558
450
243
C)
m
ru
ru
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
C KAMBALDAITE II
Formula: NaNiiC03M°H)3'3 H20 Crystal system: Hexagonal

Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P63

Source: Kambalda,WesternAustralia. (Type locality).
XRD: 4257
Composition: Major Ni and Na only
- -----------
3519 368
3483 340
2927 285
References: 2545
2499
1. Nickel E.H. & RobinsonB.W. (1985) 2457
Kambaldaite;a new hydratedNi Na carbonatemineral from Kambalda,WesternAustralia. 2169
1619
2. EngelhardtL.M., Hall S.R. & White A.H. (1985) 1471
Crystal structureof kambaldaite,Na2Nig{C03MOH)6·6Hp. 1395
968
872
856
739
721
508
412
o
o
o
ru
3GNVllIWSNV~1 %
KAMOTOITE-(Y)
Formula: Y204(U°2MC03)3'14H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: Mineral group: Rutherfordine
Chemical type: Space group: P2/a
Specimen: RMS RC3692
Source: Kamoto Est., Shaba,ZaIre.
XRD: 4550
Composition:
- --- - - - - - --------------------- -- -
3423
2929
2857
References: 2457
1865
1. CesbronF. (1987) 1731
New minerals; kamotoite (Y)4UOiY,Nd,Gd,Sm,DY)203·3C02·14·5lIz0 1606
Mineraux et Fossiles, Ie Guide du Collectionneur,146, p.35. 1537
I
1364
2. Deliens M. & Piret P. (1986) 1195
Kamotoite (Y), a new uranyl and rare earth carbonatefrom Kamoto, Shaba,Zaire. 1151
Bulletin de Mineralogie, 109(6), pp.643-647. 1122
911
742
660
509
366
280
o
lCl
N
N
o
o
lCl
o
o
o
oM
til
til
III
~
::J
Z
o
o
~
<{
lCl 3:
oM I
o
LLI
til
til
LLI
a:
0..
~
o
u
o
_0
o
N
E
I
o ~
H
_0
o o
CTl l-
e
%
;2
o
o
oM
33NV11 I WSNVtU %
KIMURAITE-(YJ
Formula: CaY2(C03)4'6H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Lanthanite
Chemical type: Space group: Imm2, Immm, 1222
Specimen: BM 1986,32 White pearly aggregateon matrix,

Source: Kirigo, Hizen-cho, Higashi Matsuura-Gun,SagaPrefecture,Japan,
XRD: 5168F(std)
Composition:
3431
The spectrumis very close to that given in ref. 1 for lokkaite (poorly reproduced). 2963
X-ray diffraction appearsto be the better method for distinguishingkimuraite and lokkaite. 2925
2856
2382
2296
References: 1777
1636
1. NagashimaK., Miyawaki R., TakaseJ., Nakai I., SakuraiK., MatsubaraS., Kato A. & Iwano S. 1522
(1986) 1392
Kimuraite, CaY2(C03)4'6H20,a new mineral from fissures in an alkali olivine basaltfrom Saga 1085
Prefecture,Japan,and new dataon lokkaite. 1061
I
I
842
744
688
545
295
o
In
RI
o
o
In
o
o
....
o
o
o
....
In
o
o
o
N
o
o
o
m
....
.....
o 0
m 0
~~-T--'---r-~--~--~~---r--~-'---r--~-'r--r--'---~-~
o
o
. o
.
....o N
3~NVllIHSNV~1 ~
KOLWEZITE ~I
Formula: (CU,CO>z(COJ(OH)2 Crystal system: Triclinic?
Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Malachite
Chemical type: (AB>z(XOJZq Space group: PI or pi
Specimen: BM 1985,311 Palebrown botryoidal crust.

Source: Kolwezi, Shaba,Zaire. (Type locality).
XRD: 6562F (std)
Composition: Cu:Co:Mg = 1:0·6:0·1with traceMn, Fe, Zn, S
The spectrumis very similar to thoseof rosasite,glaukosphaeriteand mcguinnessite,but is 3474 277

distinguishablefrom that of rosasitein the 3400 and 700 cm·! regions. 3249
Also comparemalachite. 2561
Matchespartial spectrumgiven in ref. 1. 2392
1774
1543
1419
References: 1371
1103
1. Deliens M. & Piret P. (1980) 1050
Kolwezite, Cu Co hydroxycarbonate,analogueof glaucosphaeriteand rosasite. 854
Bulletin de La SocieteFranraise de MineraLogie et de Cristallographie, 103(2), pp.179-184. 828
740
709
676
554
532
420
333
o.
In
OJ
OJ
o
o
In
o
o
o
......
en
ffi
al
:::E
:::J
Z
W
o >
o 4
In
...... ~
I
Cl
W
en
en
w
a:
0..
:::E
CJ
U
o
o
o
OJ
o
o
o
CT'J
o o
o
......
38NVIIIWSNVtll %
KUTNOHORITE
Formula: Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe)(COJ2 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Dolomite
Chemical type: AB(XOJ2 Space group: R3
Specimen: BM 1969,283 Pale pink cleavagemass.
Source: Kutna Hora, Prazskazupa, Bohemia,Czechoslovakia.
XRD: 1500 = kutnohorite
Composition: Ca:Mn:Mg:Fe = 1:0·8:0'2:0·1

Forms a serieswith dolomite and ankerite. The original material had the compositionCa(Mn,Mg)(C03)2 [3530]
with Mn:Mg = 5:2 i.e close to this specimen.Many 'kutnohorite' specimensare calcian rhodochrositeor 2982
manganoancalcite. 2864 I
The spectrumhas two extra peaksat 841 and 679 cm-! c.f. spectrapublishedby Sadtlerand Suhner. 2601 !
It is distinct from that of dolomite and is a closer match with membersof the calcite group. 2504
1804
References: 1424
1089
1. FarkasL., BolzeniusB. & Will G. (1988) 1052
Powderdiffraction data and unit cell of kutnahorite.PowderDiffraction, 3(3), pp.I72-174. 873
841
2. FarkasL., BolzeniusB.H., SchaeferW. & Will G. (1988) 721
The crystal structureof kutnahoriteCaMn(C03)2' 679
NeueslahrbuchfUr Mineralogie, Monatshefte,(12), pp.539-546. 522
474
3. PeacorD.R., EsseneE.J. & GainesA.M. (1987) 346
Petrologicand crystal chemicalimplications of cation order disorderin kutnahorite[CaMn(C03)2]' 321
AmericanMineralogist, 72(3,4), pp.319-328.
38NVIII~SNV~1 %
LANTHANITE-(La)
Formula: (La,Ce)iC03)3 '8H 20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Lanthanite
Chemical type: AmBn(XOJp'xH20 where (m+n):p < 1:1 Space group: Pbnb
Specimen: BM 1975,192 Pale pink bladedcrystal aggregates.

Source: Vina de Uba, Minas Gerais,Brazil.
XRD: 8234F = lanthanite
Composition: La:Nd:Ce ::::: 1:1:0 (La slightly> Nd)
NOTES Peak Table cm· 1
The X-Ray powder photographmatchesPDF30-678lanthanite(also La::::: Nd). 3359

The spectrummatchesSuhner(5-59A) lanthanite,but has an extra peak at 1036 cm-i possibly due to 3205
impurity. 2472
2414
2274
References: 1849
1761
l. Atencio D., Bevins R.E., FleischerM., Williams C.T. & Williams P.A. (1989) 1484
Revision of the lanthanitegroup and new data for specimensfrom Bastnas,Sweden,and Bethlehem 1377
U.S.A. 1079
Mineralogical Magazine, 53(5), pp.639-42 [1036]?
874
2. Dal Negro A., Rossi G. & Tazzoli V. (1977) 849
The crystal structureof lanthanite. 748
American Mineralogist, 62(1,2), pp.142-146. 679
657
472
287
38NV11I~SNVHl %
I L E A D H I L L I T E · - ---------- Ii
Formula: PbiSOJ(C0 3MOH)z Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: Compoundcarbonate Mineral group: Susannite
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P2/a
Specimen: RMS 1908.13.5 Pale yellow platy crystals.
Source: Leadhills, Lanarkshire,Scotland,U.K. (Type locality).
XRD: 3909
Composition:
NOTES Peak Table cm- 7
Trimorphouswith susanniteand macphersonite. 3472 394

The spectrumis very similar to, but distinguishablefrom, thoseof susanniteand macphersonite. 3380 373
2926
2857
References: 2413
1735
1. RussellJ.D., FraserA.R. & Livingstone A. (1984) 1629
The infrared absorptionspectraof the three polymorphsof PbS04(C03 )z(OH)2 (leadhillite, susannite, 1401
and macphersonite). 1088
Mineralogical Magazine. 48(2), pp.295-7. 1055?
1042
2. Russell J.D., Milodowski A.E., FraserA.R. & Clark D.R. (1983) 964
New IR and XRD data for leadhillite of ideal composition. 859
!
706
681
632
601
423
o
In
N
N
o
o
In
o
o
o
......
en
ffim
~
:::::J
Z
o ~
o -<
In 3:
...... I
CI
LU
en
en
~
0..
~
o
u
o
o
o
N
o
o
o
CT1
o
o o
o
......
N
3!)NVllIWSNVtll %
LIEBIGITE
Formula: CaiU02) (C03)3' I1H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonates Mineral group:
Chemical type: A."B n (X03)p'xH20 Space group: Bbam
Specimen: BM 1978,338 Bright yellow crystal aggregates

Source: Schwartzwaldermine, RalstonButtes, JeffersonCounty, Colorado, U.S.A.
XRD: 8100F
Composition: Ca:U = 1,6:1 with trace Si
NOTES Peak Table em- 1

The spectrumis identical to that shown in Suhner(5-36 A) for liebigite. 3484
2622
1624
1549
References: 1515
1379
1. UrbanecZ. & Cejka J. (1979) 1155
Infrared spectraof liebigite, andersonite,Yoglite, and schr6ckingerite. 1070
Collection of CzechoslovakChemical Communications,44(1), pp.1O-23. 893
846
823
799
742
523
316
286
242
238?
233?
o
In
C\J
C\J
o
o
In
o
o
o
...-1
en
a:
UJ
CD
::E
:::l
Z
UJ
o >
o «
In
....... ~
I
o
UJ
en
en
UJ
a:
0-
::E
a
u
o
o
o
C\J
o
o
o
rrJ
0
LO
OJ 0
C\J 0
a: 0
-.;t
........
0
OJ LO -.;t C\J
cd
0 0
0
...-1
38NVllIv-lSNVtJl %
LOKKAITE
Formula: CaY4(COJ,.9H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Hydratednonnal carbonate Mineral group: Lanthanite
Chemical type: A".B n (XOJp ·xH 20 where (m+n):p < 1:1 Space group: Cmmm
Specimen: RMS 1980.49.5. Tiny white spotson matrix, with kainosite.

Source: Evans-Loumine, Poltimore, Quebec,Canada.
XRD: 4141
Composition:
NOTES Peak Table em·'

The spectrummatchesthat shown in ref. 1. (poorly reproduced)which is very close to that of kimuraite. 3403
Another specimenfrom this locality gave a slightly different spectrum,also close to kimuraite, possibly 2592
due to the presenceof tengerite.X-ray diffraction appearsto be the better methodfor distinguishing 1865
kimuraite and 10kkaite. 1824
1784
References: 1636
1510
1. NagashimaK., Miyawaki R., TakaseJ., Nakai I., SakuraiK., MatsubaraS., Kato A. & Iwano S. 1410
(1986) 1091
Kimuraite, CaY2(C03k6H20,a new mineral from fissures in an alkali olivine basaltfrom Saga 1066
Prefecture,Japan,and new dataon lokkaite. 865
837
2. Miyawaki R, TakaseJ. & Nakai I. (1986) 765
Crystal chemistryof hydrous rare earthscarbonateminerals; the crystal structureof tengerite. 721
In: Prewitt C.T. (Ed.) Abstractsandprogrammeof the Fourteenthgeneralmeetingof the 687
International Mineralogical Association.Papersand Proceedingsof the GeneralMeeting 583
International Mineralogical Association,p.173. 464
301
o
Ln
C\l
C\l
o
o
Ln
o
o
o
~
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a:
UJ
OJ
::E
::l
Z
UJ
o >
o
Ln
«
3:
~ I
D
UJ
UJ
UJ
UJ
a:
a..
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o
U
o
o
o
C\l
.-..
G
I
o UJ
o I-
......
o
(T') «
::.:::
::.:::
o
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o
o
o
~
o o
o
~
38NVllIWSNVI:::ll %
II MACPHERSONITE· ------ Ii
Formula: Pb4(SOJ(C03MOH)2 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Compound carbonate Mineral group: Susannite
Specimen: RMS 721.34.

Source: Leadhills Dod, Leadhills, Lanarkshire, Scotland, U.K. (Type locality).
XRD: 2191 and 2192
Composition: Major Pb, S with trace Cu, Cd
----_.. _-----_._-
NOTES Peak Table cm- t

Trimorphouswith leadhillite and susannite. 3482 701
The spectrumis very similar to, but distinguishablefrom, thoseof leadhillite and susannite. 3432 691
2926 687
2856 681
1755 616
1. RussellJ.D., FraserA.R. & Livingstone A. (1984) 1734 588
The infrared absorptionspectraof the three polymorphsof PbS04 (C03 )2 (OH}z (leadhillite, 1632 388
susannite,and macphersonite). 1410 325
1147
2. Livingstone A. & Sarp H. (1984) 1135?
Macphersonite,a new mineral from Leadhills, Scotland,and Saint Prix, France; a polymorph of 1062
leadhillite and susannite. 967
841
796
717
708
IR2928
100.0
UJ 6
C,.)
:z
«
t-
t-
.....
::E
en
:z
«
a:
t-
N
4
20.l~I--+---~----~---r----r----r----r----r--~r-~r-~r-~r-~r-~r--.---.---,---,---,---.---.---.--~--~--~--~~
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500

MACPHERSONITE
II MAGNESITE II
Formula: MgC03 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite
Specimen: BM 1948,547 Large greylwhite translucentrhomb.
Source: Brumado,Bahia, Brazil.
XRD: 7383F (std)
Chemistry: Mg only
Forms a serieswith gaspeiteand siderite. [3425]

Comparethe spectrumwith thoseof other membersof the calcite group. 3051
2922
References: 2619
2537
1. Bottcher M.E., Gehlken P.L. & Usdowski E. (1992) 1831
Infrared spectroscopicinvestigationsof the calcite-rhodochrositeand parts of the calcite-magnesite 1446
mineral series. 1093
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 109, pp.304-306. 886
856
2. Dubrawski J.V., ChannonA.L. & Warne S.St.J. (1989) 748
Examinationof the siderite-magnesitemineral seriesby Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy. 384
258
3. Peng Wenshi., Liu Gaokui & Ke Liqin. (1985)
Infrared spectrastudy of magnesitesiderite series.
Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 5(3), pp.229-233.
(In Chinesewith English summary).
C)
un
ru
ru
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
II MALACHITE:J
Formula: CU2(C03)(OH)2 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical type: (ABMX0 3)Zq Space group: P2/a
Specimen: BM 28043 Silky greenneedleson limonite.

Source: Olonetz, Siberia, Russia
Sample medium: KBr disk.
XRD: 4176F (std)
Composition: Cu only
NOTES Peak Table em- 1
The spectrumis similar to thoseof other membersof the rosaitegroup i.e. glaukosphaerite,kolwezite, 3404 525
mcguinnessite& rosasite. 3313 507
Peakassignmentsare given in ref.2. 2925 429
2539 355
2075 301
1. Timokhina L.V., Balitskii V.S., ShaposhnikovA.A., Bublikova T.M., Kovalenko V.S., Akhmetova 1841
G.L., Dubovskii A.B., AndreevaT.G. & ShironinaT.V. (1983) 1804
Physicochemicalinvestigationsof syntheticmalachite. 1494
SovietPhysics, Doklady, 28, pp.429-30. 1421
1390
2. Goldsmith J.A. & Ross S. (1968) 1097
The infra red spectraof azurite and malachite. 1047
SpectrochimicaActa, 24(A), pp.2131-7 875
822
778
749
713
571
C)
C)
C)
ru
38NVIII~SNV~1 %
II MANASSEITE II
Formula: Mg6Alz(C03)(OH)16'4HzO Crystal system: Hexagonal

Chemical type: AmBn(X03)pZq.xHzO with (m+n):p = 8 : 1 Space group: P6immc
Specimen: BM 89358 Bluelgrey, translucent,soft, micaceousmassivewith hydrotaldte.

Source: Snarum,Norway. (type locality)
XRD: 8068Fseenotes.
Composition: Mg:AI = 3,7:2
Dimorphouswith hydrotaldte. 3473

The spectrumdiffers from that of hydrotalcite. See notes with manasseitespectrumIR2793. 3067
X-ray = manasseitewith someslight differencein 1·50-1·55A region. 2438
2336
1752
References: 1640
1366
1. KashayevA.A., FeoktistovG.D. & PetrovaS.V. (1983) 1080
Chlormagaluminite(Mg,Fe)4AIlOH)dCI,I/zC03k2H20a new mineral of the manasseitesjogrenite 928
group. 863
International GeologyReview,25(7), pp.848-53. 768
675
2. Taylor H.F.W. (1973) 555
Crystal structuresof somedouble hydroxide minerals. 445
Mineralogical Magazine. 39, No.304, pp.377-89. 393
o
10
C\I
C\I
o
o
10
o
o
o
~
en
ffi
m
:::E
::J
Z
UJ
o >
o
10
«
3:
~
I
fa
en
en
UJ
c:
0..
:::E
o
(.J
o
o
o
C\I
o
o
o
(T)
o
o o
o
~
38N'VIIIWSN'V~:U %
II MANASSEITE II
Formula: Mg6Al z(C03)(OH)16'4HzO Crystal system: Hexagonal

Chemical type: 1\nBn (X03)pZq'xHzO with (m+n):p = 8:1 Space group: P6 3/mmc
Specimen: BM 1982,446 Orangebipyramidal crystalsin calcite, with magnetite,

Source: JacupirangaApatite Quarry, Sao Paulo, Brazil,
XRD: 2886F = manasseite
Composition: Mg:Al ~ 3'3:2? with trace Fe
Dimorphouswith hydrotalcite, Distinguishablefrom other membersof the sjogrenitegroup. 3439

Seealso manasseitefrom Snarum,Norway, IR2852 - the two manasseitespectraare almost identical 2926
despitetheir very different physical forms and association.The Jacupirangamanasseiteis found in an 2859
alkaline igneousenvironmentand may be relatedto chlormagaluminite. 2412
1536
References: 1400
1355
1. KashayevA.A., Feoktistov G.D. & PetrovaS.V. (1983) 1081
Chlormagaluminite(Mg,Fe)4Alz{OH)12 (CI,I/zC03)2'2&O a new mineral of the manasseitesjogrenite 945
group. 786
International GeologyReview,25(7), pp.848-53. 675
552
2. Taylor H.F.W. (1973) 451
Crystal structuresof somedouble hydroxide minerals. 394
Mineralogical Magazine, 39(304), pp.377-89. 245?
o
l.Cl
C\I
C\I
o
o
l.Cl
o
o
o
......
en
a:
LU
CD
:::E
::J
Z
LU
o >
o
l.Cl
«
3:
...... I
Cl
LU
en
en
w
a:
0..
:::E
o
U
o
o
o
C\I
~
o 1--1
o LU
en
o
(TJ en
«
z
«
:::E
o
LO
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o
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38NVIIIWSNVtll %
MANGANOTYCHITE
Formula: Na..(Mn,Fe,Mg>Z<CO~4(SOJ Crystal system: Cubic

Chemical class: Compoundcarbonate Mineral group: Tychite (susannite)
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: FdJ
Specimen: RMS. Unregistered. Paleyellow crystal fragments.

Source: Mount Alluiv, Lovozero massif, Kola Peninsula,Russia. (Type locality).
XRD: 9062F(std)
Composition: Major Na & S, minor Mn,Fe,Mg
A new mineral, suppliedby Dr A.P. Khomyakov. [3418] 301

The manganesecontentof this specimenis low, but the x-ray diffraction patternagreeswith that of the 2923
type specimenand differs from that of tychite. 2855
The spectrumshows slight peak shifts when comparedto that of tychite and lacks the three well-resolved 2611
peaksbelow 500 em-i. 2503
1795
1442
References: 1420
1385
1. Khomyakov A.P. et al., in press. 1176
1111
874
829
799
710
631
515
467
351
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In
OJ
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o
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o
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Ul
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3~NVllIWSNVt:ll %
II MCGUINNESSITE
Formula: (Mg, CuMC03) (OH)2 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical type: (AB>S<X03)2Zq Space group: P21/a
Specimen: BM 1977, 463 Pale blue coating.

Source: Miner's Ridge, Red Mountain, MendocinoCounty, California, U.S.A. (type locality).
XRD: 8080F = mcguinnessiteor near
Composition: Mg:Cu ~ 1'1:0'9 with trace Si,Fe,Ca,Al
The spectrumis similar to thoseof glaukosphaerite,kolwezite, rosasiteand malachite 3546 533

3409 499
3316 424
2570 330
1. Erd R.C., CesbronF.P., Goff F.E. & Clark J.R. (1981) 2421 269
Mcguinnessite,a new carbonatefrom California. 2059
Mineralogical Record, 12(3), pp.143-147. 1792
1548
1432
2. Post! W. & Golob P. (1981) 1392
Mcguinnessit,(Mg,CuhCOlOHh aus dem Serpentingebietvon Kraubath, Steiermark. 1101
(Mcguinnessitefrom the Kraubath serpentinemassif, Styria). 1050
Mitteilungsblatt Abteilungfur Mineralogie am Landesmuseum Joanneum,49, pp.15-21. 855
834
742
707
656
561
w
~
w
m
~
z
~
w
C)
C)
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0
W
W
W
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C)
C)
C)
ru
3~NVI1IWSNVHl %
MCKEL VEYITE-(YJ
Formula: NaBa3(Ca,U)Y(C03k3H10 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Hydratednonnal carbonates Mineral group: Mckelveyite
Chemical type: A,.,Bn(XOJp·xH10 where (m+n):p = 1:1 Space group: pj
Specimen: RMS 1979.25.15. Greenishyellow crystals.

XRD:
Composition:

The spectrumis similar to thoseof weloganiteand donnayite-(Y). 3413
3270
References: 2927
2850
1. Voloshin A.V., SubbotinV.V., Yavoventchuk:V.N., PakhomovskyY.A., Menshikov Y.P. 1797
& Zaitsev A.N. (1990) 1676
Mckelveyite from carbonatitesand hydrothermalitesof alkaline rocks, Kola Peninsula. 1515
Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo MineralogicheskogoObshchestva,119, pp.76-86. 1390
1364
Ewaldite, a new barium calcium carbonate. 1062
1. Occurrenceof ewaldite in syntacticintergrowth with mackelveyite. 1017
2. Its crystal structure. 856
TschermaksMineralogischeund PetrographischeMitteilungen, 15, pp.185-212. 723
694
2. Milton C., Ingram B., Clark J.R. & Dwomik E.J. (1965) 648
Mckelveyite, a new hydrous sodiumbarium rare earth uraniumcarbonatemineral from the Green 603
River formation, Wyoming. AmericanMineralogist, 50, pp.593-612. 425
o
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3JNVllIVlSNVtll %
II MINEEVITE-(YJ Ii
Formula: Na2SBaY2(C03)11(HC03MS°.J2F2CI Crystal system: Hexagonal.

Chemical type: Space group: P63/m
Specimen: RMS, unregistered.Small pale yellow crystalline fragments.

Source: Mount Alluaiv, Lovozero massif, Kola Peninsula,Russia.
XRD: 9063F (std)
Composition: Major Na,Ba,Y,Swith minor CI,Sr,Si, (F not sought).
-_.-
A new mineral. Material suppliedby Dr A.P. Khomyakov. [3408] 1122

2923 1071
1. Khomyakov A.P., PolezhaevaL.I., Yamnova N.A. & PusharovskyD.Yu., in press. 2604 914
2555 892
2433 877
2147 865
2114 815
1781 766
1744 724
1631 704
1592 693
1535 688
1506 645 I
1433 632?
1392? 465
1375 369
1361 304
1147 257?
o
o
o
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o
o
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m
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3~NVIIIWSNV~1 %
MONOHYDROCALCITE
Formula: CaC03·H20 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical type: A(XOJ·xH 20 Space group: P3 112
Specimen: BM 1979,47 Bright blue crystallinecrust.

Source St. Pierre mine, Saint-Marie-aux-Mines,Aisace, France.
XRD: 20385
Composition: Ca only (seenotes).

The blue colour of the specimenis due to a very thin surfacecoating of cuproadamite. 3319 234?
3232
2553
References: 2472
2270
1. Ridkosil T., SejkoraJ. & OndrusP. (1991) 2135
Monohydrocalcitefrom polymetallic vein of the Vrancice deposit, near Pfibram, Czechoslovakia. 1789
NeueslahrbuchfUr Mineralogie, Monatshefte,pp.289-95. 1767
1703
2. CatherineH., Skinner W., OsbaldistonG.W. & Wilner A.N. (1977) 1484
Monohydrocalcitein a guineapig bladderstone, a novel occurrence. 1409
873
765
726
i
700
674
I
590
284
I
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38N'i'11 I ~SN'i'l:U %
MONTROYALITE
Formula: Sr4A1s(COJ3[(OH),F]26'10-11HzO Crystal system: Triclinic ?

Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Alumohydrocalcite?
Chemical type: Space group: ?
Specimen: RMS unregistered. Cream/whitemicro-hemispheres.

Source: Franconquarry, Montreal, Quebec,Canada.(Type locality).
XRD: 8791F
Composition: Major Sr and Al plus trace S,Na,Ca,Fe
--~ ----- ----~- ------ -~
Note the degreeof scaleexpansionrequireddue to the small sampleavailable, consequentlyonly the 3518
major peaksare listed in the peak table. 3480
The spectrummatchesthat shown in the original description,ref.1 but with improved resolution. It 3360
resemblesthat of alumohydrocalcitebut is unlike that of the chemically similar strontiodresserite. 3214
1662
References: 1547
1456
1. RobertsA.C., SabinaA.P., Bonardi M., JamborJ.L., Ramik R.A., SturmanB.D. & Carr M.J. 1390
(1986) 1051
Montroyalite, a new hydratedSr-AI Hydroxycarbonatefrom the Franconquarry, Montreal, Quebec. 990
Canadian Mineralogist, 24, pp.455-459. 896
833
750
610
556
486
372
304
C)
~
ru
ru
C)
C)
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C)
C)
C)
~
C)
C)
C)
ru
C)
C) C)
C) C)
C) m
~
3~NVIIIWSNV~1 %
~ ~~ ~
Formula: NaHC03 Crystal system: Monoclinic
Chemical class: Acid carbonate Mineral group: Nahcolite
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P2 1/b
Specimen: BM 1934,47 Glassycolourlessprismatic crystals.

Source: SearlsLake, San BernardinoCounty, California, U.S.A.
XRD: 8148F = nahcolite(+ weak line at 3·8 A)
Composition:
The spectrummatchesthat given in ref. 2. 3438 814

3075 697
2919 658
References: 2544
2268
1. Maglione G. & Carn M. (1975) 2043
Spectresinfrarougesdes minerauxsalins et des silicates neoformesdansIe Bassintchadien. 1922
(Infrared spectraof saline and silicate minerals from the Chad Basin). 1842
Fr., Off. Rech. Sci. Tech. Outre Mer, Cah., Ser. Geol. 7, pp.3-9 1731
1696
2. White W_B. (1974) 1662
The carbonateminerals. In: Farmer(Ed.) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 1618
1499
3. NakamotoK., SarmaY.A. & Ogoshi H. (1965) 1308
Normal coordinateanalysesof hydrogen-bondedcompounds.IV. The acid carbonateion. 1047
Journal of ChemicalPhysics,43, pp.1177-1181. 1033
999
837
.
U)
ru
ru
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
NEsaUEHONITE
Formula: Mg(HCOJ(OH)'2~O Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: Acid carbonate Mineral group: Nesquehonite
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P2/n
Specimen: BM 1921,53 White radiating crystallinecrust with anthracite.
Source: Nesquehoning,Lansford, CarbonCounty, Pennsylvania,U.S.A. (Type locality)
XRD: 7829F = nesquehonite(+ giorgiosite).
Composition: Mg with trace Si,Na,Ca,CI
The specimenmay be a mixture due to conversionto/from giorgiosite Mg5(C03MOH)2·5H20 3606 748

but the spectrumis close to that of nesquehoniteshown in Farmer. 3563 706
3443 662
3358 627
2620 443
1. Suzuki J. & Ito M. (1974) 2511 390
Nesquehonitefrom Yoshikawa, Aichi Prefecture,Japan:occurrenceand thermal behaviour. 2194 272
Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Econonomic Geologists, 1678
69(8), pp.275-284.(In English) 1636
1591
2. White W.B. (1971) 1531
Infrared characterizationof water and hydroxyl ion in the basic magnesiumcarbonateminerals. 1472
American Mineralalogist, 56(1,2), pp. 46-53. 1442
1100
1029
932
854
794
o
I!)
C\J
C\J
o
o
I!)
o
o
o
~
en
ffi
co
~
:::::J
Z
LU
o >
o
I!)
«
3:
~ I
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LU
en
en
LU
0:
n.
~
o
(J
o
o
o
C\J
~
H
Z
o o
o ::t:
o
(T'J
LU
:::::J
C!I
(f)
o
o o
o
~
3~NV 11 I WSNVI:U %
NORSETHITE
Formula: BaMg(C03)2 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Dolomite

Source: Rosh Pinah, Namibia.
XRD: 3902
Composition: Ba:Mg = 0,7:1 + minor Mn & trace Ca,Na,Fe,Sr
- _ . _ - - -- --
[3431]
The spectrumis similar to, but distinguishablefrom, that of dolomite 2963
2924
2873
References: 2649
2524
1. ScheetzB.E & White W.B. (1977) 2362
Vibrational spectraof the alkaline earth double carbonates. 2335
AmericanMineralalogist. 62(1,2), pp.36-50. 1802
1448
2. White W.B. (1974) 1126
I
Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 853?
713
702
636
609
349
o
~
ru
ru
m
~
0
ru 0
~ 0
~~~-.--.--r--.-.--.--.--r--.-.--.--.--r--.-.--.--.--r--~- ~
3~NVllI~SNVHl %
NORTHUPITE
Formula: Na3Mg(C03)2CI Crystal system: Cubic

Chemical type: (ABMX0 3)Zq Space group: FdJ
Specimen: BM 1905,246 Isolatedgreylwhite octahedra.

Source: Borax Lake, San BernardinoCounty, California, U.S.A.
XRD: 7884F = northupite
Composition: Na:Mg:CI ~ 3:1·2:1 with trace Si.
SeeFarmerfor discussionof the spectrum. [3433] 336

The three strong peaksbelow 500 cm-! are beyond the range shown by Adler and Kerr (1963b). 2923 273
2857
References: 2659
!
2558
i l. Maglione G. & Carn M. (1975) 2360
I
Spectresinfrarougesdes minerauxsalins et des silicates neoformesdans Ie Bassintchadien 1819
Fr., Off. Rech. Sci. Tech. Outre Mer, Cah., Ser. Geol. 7, pp.3-9. 1463
1449
2. Pratt J. H. (1896) 1168
On northupite; pirssonite, a new mineral; gaylussiteand hanksitefrom Borax Lake, San Bernardino 1090
Co., California. 1019
AmericanJournal of Science4(2) pp.123-35. 880
Zeitschriftfiir Kristallographie,27,pp.416-29and (1901) Yale Bicen. Pub.Contr. Miner., pp.261-74. 856
798
713
672
397
C)
m
ru
ru
38NVIII~SNV~1 %
NYEREREITE
Formula: NazCa(COJ2 Crystal system: Orthorhombic,pseudo-hexagonal

Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Eitelite
Chemical type: A 2B(XOJ2 Space group: Cmc21
Specimen: M 42171 Colourlesstabularfragmentspicked from powdery debris

Source: Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, Tanzania. (Type locality)
XRD: 8200F (std)
Composition: Na:Ca:K = 1·6:1·0:0·4 with minor Sr, Mg, S and trace P, Ba

Specimenfrom Royal Ontario Museum,Canada [3441] 258
Nyerereitemay be identical to natrofairchildite 2983
Comparethe spectrumwith thoseof the calcite and dolomite group minerals. 2899
2599
2528
References: 2337
1795
1. McKie D. & Frankis E.J. (1977) 1468
Nyerereite; a new volcanic carbonatemineral from Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania. 1186
ZeitschriftfUr Kristallographie, 145, pp.73-95. 1144
1108
2. Frankis E.J & McKie D. (1973) 1079
Subsolidus Relationsin the SystemNa2C03CaC03·H2O 1010
Nature, 246, pp.124-126. 873
710
689
648
622
573
3~NVIII~SNV~1 %
II OTAVITE Ii
Formula: CdC03 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite
Chemical type: A(X0 3) Space group: IUc
Specimen: BM 1914,1070 White crust pseudomorphingcuprite, with malachiteon cerussite.
Source: Otavi, Tsumeb,Namibia. (Type locality).
XRD: 7401F (std)
Composition: Cd with trace Pb

The spectrumis a close match with that of syntheticcadmiumcarbonate. [3406]
Comparewith thoseof other membersof the calcite group. 2923
2854
2797
References: 2468
1800
1. White W.B. (1974) 1407
465
293
i
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
~ PARALSTONITE II
Formula: BaCa(C03)2 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical type: AB(XOJ3 Space group: P321
Specimen: BM 1972,254 Tiny colourlesshexagonalbipyramidal crystalson witherite.

Source: Minerva mine, Cave-in-Rock,Hardin County, Illinois, U.S.A. (Type locality).
XRD: 8146F (std)
Composition: Ba & Ca only
-_._--- -
Trimorphouswith alstoniteand barytocalcite. [3341] 855

The spectrumis distinguishablefrom that of alstoniteonly in the 700 cm-1 region. 2923 838
Seeexpandeddetail. 2855 708
2570 700
2464 691
1. EffenbergerH. (1980) 1765 682
Die Kristallstruktur des Minerals Paralstonit,BaCa(C03)z 1755 518
(The crystal structureof paralstonite). 1507 466
Neues JahrbuchjUr Mineralalogie, Monatshefte, pp.353-63. 1486 297
1448 242?
2. RobertsA.C. (1979) 1409
Paralstonite;a new mineral from the Minerva No.1 mine, Cave in Rock, Illinois. 1183
Papers, Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research, Part C , 79(1,C), pp.99-100. 1085
1064
903
898
893
862
o
Ln
C\I
C\I
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o
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o
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o
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III
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o
o
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C\I
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6 6
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CD to ~ C\I
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3JNVIIIWSNVt:ll %
Ul
C)
C) w
~
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m
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m
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~
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C)
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m w
r
z
~
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~
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38NVllIWSNV~1 %
PARISITE-fee)
Formula: F2
Ca(Ce,La>z(COJ3 Crystal system: Trigonal
Chemical type: (AB)(XOJZq Space group: R3
Specimen: BM 1924,854 Brown striatedbarrel-shapedhexagonalcrystals.

Source: Narsarssuak,Julianehaab,Greenland.
XRD: 11596 = parisite
Composition: Ca:Ce:La:Nd= 1·0:0·8:0·4:0·4 with trace Fe,Pr,Y, Th
The spectrummatchesthat in Suhner(5-37A) with the exceptionof thosepeaksdue to absorbedwater. [3483]

3157
2834
References: 2493
2348
1. AkhmanovaM.N. & Orlova L.P. (1966) 1818
Translatedin: GeochemistryInternational., 3(3), pp. 444-451. [1412]
1076
1009
2. Adler H.H. & Kerr P.F. (1963) 977
Infrared spectra,symmetry and structurerelations of somecarbonateminerals. 871
684
361
318
267
250
o
L!l
C\J
C\J
o
o
L!l
en
a:
LLl
CD
::E
:::J
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L!l 3:
...-1 I
Cl
UJ
en
en
UJ
a:
0.
::E
o
U
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o
o
C\J
---.
QJ
~
I
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......
o
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......
a:
~
0.
o
o
o
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o
o o
o
...-1
3:JNVllI~SNVtll %
II PHOSGENITE .I
Formula: Pb2(C03)CI2 Crystal system: Tetragonal

Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Phosgenite
Chemical type: (ABMX0 3)Zq Space group: P4/mbm
Specimen: BM 85166 Yellow crystalson galenawith pyrite and anglesite.

Source: Dundas,Montagu County, Tasmania,Australia.
XRD: 8202F = phosgenite
Composition:
The spectrummatchesthat in Suhner(5-25 A), phosgenite. [3422]

The spectrumof phosgeniteshown in Sadtler(90) has an extra peak at 670 cm·1. 1817
Comparethe spectrumwith that of barstowite. 1710
1509
1343
References: 1128
1062
1. Stanleyc.J., JonesG.C., Hart A.D., Keller P. & Lloyd D. (1991) 836
Barstowite, 3PbCl2·PbC0.J·HzO, a new mineral from BoundsCliff, SLEndellion, Cornwall. 811
Mineralogical Magazine, 55, pp.119-123. 758
(comparisonof phosgenite,cerussiteand barstowitespectra) 648
639
464
311
o
LO
C\J
C\J
o
o
LO
o
o
o
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0:
UJ
CD
:::E
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o
LO
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en
en
UJ
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o
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(.!J
CT)
tf.I
o
:::r:
0...
0
...-i
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0
C\J 0
0: 0
....:t
10 b
CD
b
LD
0 0
0 C\J
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38NVIIIWSNVtll %
PIRSSONITE
Formula: N~Ca(COJ2·2H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: Gaylussite
Chemical type: A,..Bn (X03)p·H20 where (m+n):p > 1:1 Space group: Fdd2
Specimen: BM 1972,206 Colourlesstabular crystals.

Source: SearlesLake bore-hole,San BernardinoCounty, California, U.S.A. (Type locality).
XRD: 7856F = pirssonite (with an additional line at 3.3 A)
Composition: Na:Ca = 2:1
The spectrummatchesthat of Adler and Kerr (1963) and is discussedin Farmer(1974). 3326
The spectrumis easily distinguishedfrom that of the higher hydrategaylussite. 3219
3073
2524
References: 2461
2349
1. Huang C.K & Kerr P.F. (1960) 1789
Infrared study of the carbonateminerals. 1734
American Mineralogist, 45, pp. 311-24. 1488
1417
2. Pratt J.H. (1896) 1069
On northupite; pirssonite,a new mineral; gaylussiteand hanksitefrom Borax Lake, San Bernardino 900
Co., California. 870
American Journal of Science, (4),2, pp.123 - 35 833
Zietschrijt jUr Kristallographie, 27, pp.416-29 710
Yale bicent. Pub., Contr. Mineral., 1901, pp.261-4. 659
465
284
C)
C)
C)
ru
38NVllI~SNV~1 %
II POKROVSKITE I
Formula: Mg2(C03)(0H)2 . 0'5 H 20 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: (Hydrated) ? carbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Rosasite
Chemical type: AmBn(X03)pZq 'xH 20 with (m+n) : p = 2:1 Space group: P21/a
Specimen: BM 1988,74 Pale brown micro-spheroidalaggregates.

Source: KCA quarry, San Benito County, California, U.S.A.
XRD: 6610F = pokrovskiteor near
Composition: Mg only
Isostructuralwith malachite.The spectrumis similar to those of the rosasitegroup, and to malachite. 3686
Comparealso with that of artinite. The presenceof H 20 is not confirmed by the spectrumwhich matches 3575
that given in the original description,ref.3. 3447
2928
References: 2291
1780
1. White 1.S. (1987) 1553
Pokrovskite, a common mineral. 1426
The Mineralogical Record, 18, pp.135-6. 1082
1022
2. Fitzpatrick, 1.1. (1986) 953
Pokrovskite; its possiblerelationshipto mcguinnessiteand the problem of excesswater. 848
In: C. T. Prewitt (Ed), Abstractsand programmeof the Fourteenthgeneral meetingof the 754
International Mineralogical Association,p.lOl. 712
660
3. Ivanov O.K., Malinovskii Yu.A. & Mozherin Yu.V. (1984) 530
Pokrovskite,Mgz{C03)(OH)2' 0·5~0, a new mineral from the Zlatogorskayalayeredintrusive, 413
Kazakhstan.Zapiski VsesoyunznyiMineralogicheskoeObshchestva,113, pp.90-95. 336
o
LCl
C\J
C\J
o
o
LCl
o
o
o
~
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a:
w
m
::E
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Z
W
o >
o
LCl
«
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~
I
o
W
UJ
UJ
w
a:
a..
::E
o
U
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o
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o ~
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o
CT'J
~
o
a..
o
o
o
~
38NVIII~SNV~1 %
II PYROAURITE II
Formula: M~~(CO~(0H)16·4H 20 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical type: A",Bn(X03)pZq·nlIzO with (m+n):p = 8:1 Space group: R3m orR3m
Specimen: BM 83815 Buff colouredhexagonalplaty crystals.

Source: Langban,Filipstad, Varmland, Sweden.
XRD: 6158F = pyroaurite
Composition: Mg:Fe Rl 3·1:1? with minor Si, AI, Ca and trace Mn

:
Dimorphouswith sjogrenite. 3467 ,
The spectrumis identical to that of sjogrenite(lR2818). 2424

1632
1588
References: 1384
1364
1. HansenH.C.B. (1989) 1166
Composition,stabilization, and light absorptionof Fe(II)Fe(III) hydroxy carbonate(greenrust). 1086
Clay Minerals, 24, pp.663-669. 685
588
2. Hashi K., Kikkawa S. & Koizumi M. (1983) 427
Preparationand propertiesof pyroauritelike hydroxy minerals. 377
Clays and Clay Minerals, 31, pp.152-154. 291
o
LCl
ru
ru
o
o
LCl
-
o
o
o
en
a:
LU
co
::E
:::J
Z
LU
-
o >
o ~
LCl 3:
I
o
LU
en
en
LU
a:
0..
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o
U
o
o
o
ru
o
o
o
(1")
o
o
o
~
-
o o
o
38NVllI~SNVtll %
II RHODOCHROSITE I
Formula: MnC03 Crystal system: Trigonal

Specimen: BM 1984,881 Aggregatesof small pink rhombohedralcrystals.
Source: Geevormine, Pendeen,St. Just in Penwith, Cornwall, U.K.
XRD:
Composition: Mn:Ca:Mg ~ 1'0:0'1:0'03
[3429]
Forms a serieswith calcite and siderite. 2924
The spectrummatchesthoseof specimensfrom other localities. 2850
2486
2128
References: 1801
1420
1. Bottcher M.E., Gehlken P.-L. & Usdowski E. (1992) 1085
Infrared spectroscopicinvestigationsof the calcite-rhodochrositeand parts of the calcite-magnesite 866
series. 837
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 109, pp.304-306. 726
516
2. ChesterR. & Elderfield H. (1967) 309
The applicationof infra-red absorptionspectroscopyto carbonatemineralogy.
Sedimentology,9, pp.5307-9.
I
.
~
ru
ru
C)
C)
C)
ru
3~NVllIWSNV~1 %
ROSA SITE 11
Formula: (Cu,ZnMC03)(OH)2 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Malachite
Chemical type: (ABMXOJZ q Space group: P2l/a
Specimen: BM 1972,33 Dark greenspherulitic aggregatesof lath-like crystalson calcite.

XRD: 16163 = rosasite
Composition: Cu:Zn ~ 1·6:1 with traceMg & Si
The spectrumis very similar to thoseof other membersof the rosasitegroup i.e. glaukosphaerite, 3494 555
kolwezite and mcguinessite,except in the 700 cm-! region. 3427 459
The spectrumis easily distinguishedfrom that of the chemically relatedaurichalcite. 3245 409
2928 330
2403
1. SchmetzerK. & Tremmel G. (1981) 2068
Mcguinnessit(Mg,Cu)2 C03 (OH)2 aus BOll A:z:li!r, Marokko; ein neuerFundpunkt 1780
(Mcguinnessitefrom Bou Azzer, Morocco; a new discovery). 1515
NeuesJahrbuchjUr Mineralalogie, Monatshejte,pp.443-51. 1419 I
1384
2. Nickel E.H. & Berry L.G. (1981) 1165
The new mineral nullaginite and additional data on the relatedmineralsrosasiteand glaukosphaerite. 1100
854
3. Braithwaite R.S. & Ryback G. (1963) 828
Rosasite,aurichalcite,and associatedminerals from Heights of Abraham, Matlock Bath, Derbyshire, 739
with a note on infra-red spectra.Mineralogical Magazine,33, pp.441-449. 706
671
a
1.0
(\/
C\J
a
a
In
a
a
a
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UJ
ffiaJ
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Z
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a <{
In 3:
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a
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n.
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a
a
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00
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a: a
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b
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0
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3~NVIII~SNVI:I1 %
~ OO~~~ ~
Formula: CuzOiUOzMC03M0H)2 ·4HzO Crystal system: Triclinic
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: pi
Specimen: C3663 Palegreenfibrous.
Source: Kamoto-Olivera-Virgule mine, Shaba,Zaire.
XRD: 4568
Composition: Cu:U = 2:3·6
-- - - -- - -- -- - --- --- --- -- ----- -- ------ _ .. _ - - - - -
3522 791
Specimenfrom Institut Royal des SciencesNaturelle de Belgique, Brussels. 3397 755
3306 733
3196 708
2615 469
1. Ginderow D. & CesbronF. (1985) 2516 421
Structurede la roubaultite, CUiU02MC03)PZ<0H)2'4H20 2339 318
(Structureof roubaultite). 2025 279
Acta Crystallographica,41(C), pp.654-657. 1859 246?
1836
2. CesbronF., Pierrot R. & VerbeekT. (1970) 1733
La roubaultiteCU2(U02MOH)1O'5H20 une nouvelle especeminerale. 1638
(Roubaultitea new mineral species). 1504
Bulletin de La Societefrancaise de MineraLogie et de Cristallographie, 93, pp.550-554. 1399
1148
1015
894
, 824
38NVI1IWSNV~1 %
~ ~~~ ~
Formula: Na4TiZr20 4(C03)4 Crystal system: Monoclinic
Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl and halogen Mineral group: Sabinaite
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: C2/c

Source: FranconQuarry, Mont St. Michel, Montreal, Quebec,Canada. (Type locality)
XRD: 4116
Composition:
[3390] 747
3120 691
2858 474
1. Chao G.Y. & Gu J. (1985) 2636 391
Sabinaite;a new occurrenceand new data. 2369 334
Canadian Mineralogist, 23, pp.17-19. 2339 289
1826 i
2. JamborJ.L., SturmanB.D. & Weatherly G.C. (1980) 1773
Sabinaite,a new anhydrouszirconium bearing carbonatemineral from Montreal Island, Quebec. 1681
CanadianMineralogist, 18, pp.25-29. 1653
1567
1324
1086
1066
856
830
811?
771
C)
C)
C)
m
3~NV11IWSNV~1 %
SCARBROITE
Formula: AI s(OH)13(COJ'5~O Crystal system: Triclinic

Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonatewith hydroxyl or hydrogen Mineral group:
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: PI
Specimen: BM 1984,898 Creamywhite compactwith halite.

Source: Scarborough,Yorkshire, U.K. (type locality)
XRD: 4208F = scarbroite+ halite
Composition: Al with minor CI, Na, Si, S and trace Ca, Mg
-_.- ---- ---_._-_._---

The specimencontainsimpurities due to exposureto seawater. The major one, halite, doesnot contribute 3614
to the spectrumwhich is close to that given in ref. 2, but somerelative peak intensitiesare different. 3413
2123
1633
References: 1462
1424
1. Brindley G.W. (1980) 1100
Scarbroite,AIs(OH)13C03'5H20,comparedwith gibbsite and hydrotalcite. 1019
Mineralalogical Magazine, 43, pp.615-618. 980
744
2. Duffin W.J. & GoodyearJ. (1960) 623
A thermal and x-ray investigationof scarbroite. 552
Mineralogical Magazine,32, pp.353-362. 509
392
3. Duffin W.J. & GoodyearJ. (1957) 356
Nature, 180, p.977. 319
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II SCHROCKINGERITE I
Formula: NaCa3(U02)(C03MSOJF'10H20 Crystal system: Triclinic


Source: White Canyonmine, Frey Point, SanJuanCo., Utah, California, USA.
XRD: 3896
Composition:
Notes Peak Table em· t
3598 1082
3272 906
1. UrbanecZ. & Cejka J. (1979) 2964 843
Infrared spectraof liebigite, andersonite,voglite, and schrockingerite. 2933 822
Collection of CzechoslovakChemical Communications,44, pp.1O-23. 2656 741
2457 706
2413 684
2363 612
2334 546
2081 434
1825 286
1718 252?
1643
1577
1550
1370
1187
1098
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3~NVllI~SNVHl %
~ ~~ ~
Formula: Ca(UOzMCOJS(OIl)4'6 H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic
Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group:
Chemical type: A(X03)'xH20 Space group: ?
Specimen: RMS 2768

Source: Shinkolobwe,Shaba,Zaire. (type locality)
XRD: 4564
Composition: Ca:U ~ 1:5,5 with trace Fe
3546 1101
Specimenfrom Institut Royal des SciencesNaturelle de Belgique, Brussels. 3437 959
3243 916
3001 848
2646 814
1. Cejka J., Mrazek Z. & UrbanecZ. (1984) 2499 777
New dataon sharpite,a calcium uranyl carbonate. 2339 762
NeuesJahrbuchjUr Mineralogie, Monatshejte,pp.109-117. 2217 707
1866 692
2. UrbanecZ. & Cejka J. (1979) 1734 459
Infrared spectraof rutherfordineand sharpite. 1627 374 I
Collection of CzechoslovakChemical Communications,44, pp.I-9. 1543 254

1460
1449
1420
1244
1194
1151
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~ ~~ ~
Formula: N~C~(COJ3 Crystal system: Orthorhombic
Chemical class: Anhydrousnormal carbonate Mineral group: Eitelite
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: Amm2
Specimen: BM 1968,42 Colourlesstranslucentcrystalsin oil shale.

Source: West Vaca mine, near GreenRiver, SweetwaterCounty, Wyoming, U.S.A. (Type locality).
XRD:
Composition: Na:Ca:Mg ~ 1:1:0·1 with trace K, AI, Si

Seeexpandeddetail of 1200-600cm-i region. [3527] 891
The spectrummatchesthat shown in Sadtler(93), but has better resolution. 2990 872
2941 866
2905 851
2616 826
1. White W.B. (1974) 2548 731
The carbonateminerals. 2509 719
In: Farmer(Ed.) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 2460 710
Mineralogical Societyof London, Monograph No.4, pp.227-284. 2386 694
1808 686
1765 682
2. Bradley W.H. & EugsterH.P. (1969) 1521 325
Geochemistryand paleolimnologyof the trona depositsand associatedauthigenicmineralsof the 1481 286
GreenRiver Formationof Wyoming. 1453 257
U.S. Geological SurveyProfessionalPaper, BI-B71. 1409
1090
1071
1048
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SIDERITE
Formula: FeC03 Crystal system: Trigonal

Specimen: BM 1929,219 Paleyellow lenticular crystals.
Source: New Wheal Kitty, St Agnes, Cornwall, U.K.
XRD:
Composition: Fe with trace AI, Si
Forms a serieswith magnesiteand rhodochrosite. [3285]

The spectrummatchesthoseof specimensfrom other localities. 2925
2500
1811
References: 1422
1094
1. Dubrawski J.V., ChannonA.L. & Warne S.S.J.(1989) 867
Examinationof the siderite magnesitemineral seriesby Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy. 739
336
.
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SJOGRENITE
Formula: Mg6Fez3+(COJ(OIl)16·4HzO Crystal system: Hexagonal

Chemical type: AmBn(XOJpZq·xHzO with (m+n):p = 8:1 Space group: P6/mmc
Specimen: BM 1926,1222 Straw coloured,isolated, platy crystals.

Source: Langban,Filipstad, Varmland, Sweden.(Type locality).
XRD: 6161 = sjogrenite
Composition: Mg:Fe::::: 3:1 with trace Si
--~ -~
------

Dimorphouswith pyroaurite. 3469
The spectrumis identical to that of pyroaurite. 2925
2434
References: 2366
1632
1. AHmann R. (1969) 1589
Supplementalinformation on the structuresof pyroauriteand sjogrenite. 1384
NeueslahrbuchfUr Mineralogie, Monatshejte,pp.552-558. 1366
1167
2. Ingram L. & Taylor H.F.W. (1967) 1086
The crystalstructuresof sjogreniteand pyroaurite. 1020
Mineralogical Magazine,36, pp.465-479. 993
683
3. Frondel C. (1941) 584
Constitutionand polymorphismof the pyroauriteand sjogrenitegroups. 428
292
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SMITHSONITE
Formula: ZnC03 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Anhydrousnonnal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite
Specimen: BM 1929,1648 Colourlesscrystalson sphalerite.
Source: Kabwe, Zambia.
XRD: 8273 (std)
Composition: Zn only

Comparethe spectrumwith thoseof other membersof the calcite group. [3419]
2924
References: 2850
2493
l. Gevork'yanS.V. & PovarennikhO.S. (1983) 1816
New infrared spectrafor minerals in the calcite and aragonitegroups. 1605
Dopovidi AkademiyiNauk Ukrayins'koyi RSR, 1427
Seriya B: Geologichni, Khimichni ta Biologichni Nauki, (11), pp.8-12. 1170
1096
2. ChesterR. & Elderfield H. (1967) 870
The applicationof infra-red absorptionspectroscopyto carbonatemineralogy. 841
Sedimentology,9, pp.5307-9. I
745
308
3. Braithwaite R., StanleyW. & Ryback G. (1963)
Rosasite,aurichalciteand associatedmineralsfrom Heights of Abraham, Matlock Bath, Derbyshire,
with a note on infra-red spectra.
Mineralogical Magazine,33(261), pp.441-449.
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3~NVllI~SNV~1 %
SPHAEROCOBALTITE
Formula: CoC03 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Calcite
Chemical type: A(X0 3) Space group: R.3c
Specimen: BM 1967,287 Small dark pink, flattened rhombs on dolomite matrix.
Source: Musonoi, Kolwezi, Shaba, Zaire.
Spectrum ref. no.:" IR2652
XRD: 6259F (std)
Composition: Co:Mg : : : 1:0,4 with trace Ca,Fe,Mn,Sr
Specimenswith high cobalt contentare rare and many 'sphaerocobaltites'are cobaltiandolomite. 3227
2861
References: 2509
1819
1. White W.B. (1974) 1427
In: Farmer (Ed.) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals. 1092
747
2. Weir C.E. & Lippincott E.R. (1961) 516
Infrared studiesof aragonite,calcite and vaterite type structuresin the borates,carbonatesand 372
nitrates. 245?
Journal of Research,National Bureau of Standards,65(A), pp.173-183
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STENONITE
Formula: (Sr,Ba,Na)2Al(COJFs Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group:
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P2/m
Specimen: BM 1966,536 Whitelcolourlesscrystallinemassivewith pyrite, sphaleriteetc.
Source: Ivigtut, Frederikshaabdistrict, South Greenland. (Type locality).
XRD: 12313 (std)
Composition: Sr:Al ~ 2:1 Minor Ca,Si, traceonly Ba, Na

The specimenis from the type material. [3341] 551
2935 496
2857 429
2539 339
1. HawthorneF.e. (1984) 1846 299
The crystal structureof stenoniteand the classificationof the aluminofluorideminerals. 1807 246?
1432
2. Pauly H., Dano M. & MortensenE.L. (1962) 1098
Stenonite,a new carbonatefluoride from Ivigtut, South Greenland. 1027
Meddelelserom Grenland, 169(9), p.24. 870
843
799
751
710
702
606
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3~NVllIWSNV~1 %
II STRONTIANITE II
Formula: SrC03 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Anhydrous normal carbonate Mineral group: Aragonite
Chemical type: A(X0 3) Space group: Pmcn
Specimen: BM 58848 Large pale green fibro-columnar crystals.

Source: Strontian, Highland Region, Scotland, U.K. (type locality).
Spectrum ref. no.: IR 2672
XRD: 1704F (std)
Composition: Major Sr with minor Ca (3·8 wt% CaO)
Notes Peak Table em-t
[3313]
Comparethe spectrumwith thoseof other membersof the aragonite group. 2925
2877
2603
References: 2487
1774
1. Gevork'yanS.V. & PovarennikhO.S. (1983) 1458
New infrared spectrafor mineralsin the calcite and aragonitegroups. 1385
Dopovidi AkademiyiNauk Ukrayins'koyi RSR, 1073
Seriya B: Geologichni, Khimichni ta Biologichni Nauki, (11), pp.8-12. 858
843
2. White W.B. (1974) 706
467
242?
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II STRONTIODRESSERITE I
Formula: (Sr,Ca)AI2(C03MOHk H20 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Alumohydrocalcite(dundasite)
Chemical type: Am Bn (X03)pZq'xH 20 with (m+n):p = 3:2 Space group: Pbmm
Specimen: BM 1983,643 Spheroidalaggregatesof white acicularcrystals.

Source: FranconQuarry, St Michel, Montreal Island, Quebec,Canada. (Type locality)
XRD: 8205F (std)
Composition: Sr:Ca:AI r::: 1:0'1:2 with trace Ba & Na
The spectrumis similar to, but distinguishablefrom that of dresserite. 3591 1090
Seeref.2 for peak assignmentsand comparisonwith dresseriteand dundasite. 3508 1066
3471 965
3175 887
2606 841
1. JamborJ.L., SabinaA.P., RobertsA.C. & SturmanB.D. (1977) 2457 759
Strontiodresserite,a new Sr Al carbonatefrom Montreal Island, Quebec. 2241 743
2087 682
2. Farrell D.M. (1977) 1859 577
1561 455
1509 383
1457 311
1373 278
1110
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3~NVllIHSNV~1 %
SUSANNITE
Formula: Pb4(SOJ(CO:Jz(OH) Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: R3
Source: Roan Burn vein, Leadhills, Lanarkshire,Scotland,U.K. (Type locality).
XRD: 9998
Composition:
Notes Peak Table cm"
Trimorphouswith leadhillite and macphersonite. 3577

The spectrumis very similar to, but distinguishablefrom, thoseof leadhillite and macphersonite. 3431
2959
2924
2856
References: 2411
1734
1. RussellJ.D., FraserA.R. & Livingstone A. (1984) 1628
The infrared absorptionspectraof the threepolymorphsof PbSOlC03MOH)2 (leadhillite, susannite 1403
and macphersonite). 1116
1051
964
840
706
682
602
421
3~NV11I~SNV~1 %
II SYNCHYSITE-fY) (doverite) II
Formula: Ca(Y,Ce)(C03)2F Crystal system: Hexagonal

Chemical class: Anhydrous carbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Bastnasite
Chemical type: AB(X03)Zq Space group: ?

XRD: 4156
Composition:
The spectrumresemblesthat of bastnasite. 3687

3440
2925
References: 2860
2500
1. Yukhtanov P.P. & Burlakov Y.V. (1985) 2349
Ankylite and synchisitefrom crystal bearingpocketsin the Polar Urals region 1816
In: Yushkin, N.P. & OstashchenkoB.A. Minerals and mineral formation. Trudy Institut Geologii. 1744
50, pp.99-104.(In Russian). 1464
1482
2. ScharmB. & KUhn P. (1983) 1079
Synchisite; (Nd), Ca(Nd,Y,Gd,) [F/(C0 3)21, a new mineral. 871
NeuesJahrbuchjiir Mineralogie, Monatshejte,(5), pp.201-21O. 741
(In English). 602
352
287
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TAKovrrE
Formula: Ni~2(C03)(OH)16'4H20 Crystal system: Trigonal

Chemical class: Hydratedcarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Pvroaurite
Chemical type: A",B n (X03)pZq'xH20 with (m+n):p =8:1 Space group: R3m
Specimen: BM 1976,81 Paleblue/greenpowderycoating.

Source: Carr Boyd Rocks mine, Goongarrie,WesternAustralia.
Sample medium: KBrdisk
XRD: 19310 =takovite
Composition: Ni & AI with minor Zn and trace Fe, Si

Former name= eardleyite 3418
The peak at 1015 cm·1 is thought to be due to inseperablekaolinite impurity - seeref. no.3. 1734
1617
References: 1560
1396
1. Brindley G.W. (1978) 1351
The structureand chemistryof the hydrousnickel silicate and aluminateminerals. 1282
In: Goni J.(Ed), Colloque sur la mineralogie,geochimie,geologiedes minerauxet minerais 1015
nickelifereslateritiques, 910
Fr., Bur. Rech. Geol. Minieres, Bull., (Ser.2),Sect2, Geol.GitesMiner., 3, pp.233-45. 819
690
2. Nickel E.H., Davis C.E.S., Bussell M., Bridge P.J., Dunn J.G. & MacDonaldR.D. (1977) 623
Eardleyiteas a product of the supergene alterationof nickel sulfides in WesternAustralia. 561
AmericanMineralogist. 62(5,6), pp.449-57. 434
365
3. Bish D.L. & Brindley G.W. (1977) 333
A reinvestigationof takovite, a nickel aluminum hydroxy carbonateof the pyroauritegroup. 254
AmericanMineralogist, 62(5,6), pp.458-64.
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II TRONA 11
Formula: Na3(C03)(HC03)-2HzO Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical class: Acid carbonate Mineral group: Thermonatrite
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: 12/a
Specimen: BM 59235 Crust of colourlessprismatic crystalswith halite etc_

Source: Natron Lakes, Egypt_
XRD: 8149F = trona (+ trace quartz).
Composition:
The spectrumis identical to that of syntheticsodium sesquicarbonate. 3469

3067
References: 2536
2444
1. Maglione G. & Carn M. (1975) 2266
Spectresinfrarougesdes minerauxsalins et des silicatesneoformesdans Ie Bassintchadien. 1692
Fr., Off. Rech. Sci. Tech. Outre Mer, Cah., Ser. Geol. 7, pp.3-9 1357
1191
2. Ryskin Ya. I. (1974) 1113
The vibrations of protonsin minerals; hydroxyl, water and ammonium. 1065
In: Farmer(Ed) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals, 1015
651
3. White W.B. (1974) 601
The carbonateminerals.
Ibid. pp.227-84.
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TUNISITE
Formula: NaC~AI4(C03)4(OH)8CI Crystal system: Tetragonal

Chemical class: Anhydrouscarbonatewith hydroxyl or halogen Mineral group: Dawsonite
Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: P4/nmm
Specimen: BM 1981,482 Creamywhite bladedcrystals.

Source: Condorcet,Drome, France.
XRD: 7959F = tunisite
Composition: Na:Ca:A1:CI ~ 0·8:2·1:4:1

The spectrummatchesthat given in Suhner,(5-57) tunisite. 3495 674
3459 533
3410 468
2926 416
2279 311
1. EffenbergerR., Kluger F., Pertlik F. & ZemannJ. (1981) 1998 274
Tunisite; crystal structureand revision of chemical formula. 1915
TschermaksMineralogische undPetrographischeMitteilungen, 28(1), pp.65-77. 1866
(In Germanwith English summary) 1563
1513
2. ZdenekJ., PovondraP. & Ervin S. (1969) 1475
Tunisite, a new carbonatefrom Tunisia. 1156
1091
981
844
797
741
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TYCHITE
Formula: Nac;Mgz (SOJ(COJ4 Crystal system: Cubic

Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: Fd3

Source: SearlesLake, San BernardinoCo., California, U.S.A. (Type locality)
XRD: 4103
Composition:
[3417] 396
Seealso manganotychiteIR3062. 2924 333
2859 273
2649
References: 2539
2339
l. Malinovskii Y.A., Baturin S.V. & Belov N.V. (1979) 1818
The crystal structureof Fe tychite. 1731
SovietPhysics.Doklady. 24(12), pp.951-3. 1630
(In English) 1463
1447
2. KeesterK.L., JohnsonG.G.Jr. & Vand V. (1969) 1385
New data on tychite. 1110
American Mineralogist, 54(1,2), pp.302-5. 1104?
884
859
718
662
631
o
lCl
C\J
C\J
o
o
lCl
o
o
o
oM
en
ex:
Ul
III
:::E
:::J
Z
o ~
o «
lCl 3:
oM I
o
Ul
en
en
~
0..
:::E
o
c..J
o
o
o
C\J
o
o Ul
t-
o I-f
(TJ
:I::
c..J
>-
t-
o
o o
o
oM
3~NVllIWSNVl::ll %
VATERITE
Formula: CaC03 Crystal system: Hexagonal

Chemical type: A(XOJ Space group: P6immc
Specimen: Synthetic. White crystalline powder.

Source: NHMLabs.
XRD: 6202F (std)
Composition: Ca only

Trimorphouswith aragoniteand calcite. [3228] 341
The spectraof all threepolymorphsare easily distinguished. 2973 291
The material was preparedaccordingto the methodgiven in ref. 1. 2905
2624
2507
References: 2356
1836
1. Sato Mitsuo and MatsudaShunji. (1969) 1765
Structureof vaterite and infrared spectra. 1743
ZeitschriJtfUr Kristallographie, 129(5,6), pp.405-1O. 1489
(In English) 1432
1408
2. Weir C.E. & Lippincott E.R. (1961) 1089
Infrared studiesof aragonite,calcite and vaterite type structuresin the borates,carbonatesand 999
nitrates. 877
Journal of Research,National Bureau of Standards,65(A), pp.173-83. 850
844
745
668
o
Ln
C\J
C\J
o
o
Ln
o
o
o
....-I
en
a:
w
aJ
:::E:
:::J
Z
W
0 >
0
Ln
«
3:
....-I I
0
W
en
en
W
a:
a.
:::E
0
c..J
0
0
0
C\J
U
·M
+J
OJ
.c
+J
c:
>-
II]
0 W
0 r-
t-4
0
a:
(TJ
w
r-
«
>
(TJ
0
LD 0
C\J 0
a: 0
"""
t-4
0 cd
0 0
0
....-I
3~NVllIWSNVl::ll %
VOGLITE
Formula: CazCu(UOJ(COJ4·6H10 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Chemical type: A",Bn(XOJp ·~O where (m +n) : p > 1:1 Space group: P21
Specimen: BM 1965,439 Emeraldgreenbladedcrystals.

Source: White CanyonNo.1 mine, Frey Point, SanJuanCounty, Utah, U.S.A.
XRD: 8123F = voglite (seenotes)
Composition: Ca:Cu:U ~ 1·1:0·2:1·0? with traceMg, S

X-ray diffraction showedthe material to be poorly crystalline. 3411
The analysisindicatesa low coppercontentrelative to the ideal formula. 2595
1563
1515
1429
References: 1149
1114
1. UrbanecZ & Cejka J. (1979) 1084
Infrared spectraof liebigite, andersonite,voglite, and schroeckingerite. 1025
Collection of CzechoslovakChemicalCommunications,44(1), pp.1O-23_ 904
838
794
746
717
671
600
523
474
298
3~NVIIIHSNV~1 %
WELOGANITE
Formula: Sr~~Zr(COJ6·3HzO Crystal system: Triclinic, pseudotrigonal

Chemical class: Hydratednormal carbonate Mineral group: McKelveyite
Chemical type: A.nBn(XOJp·xHzO where (m+n):p > 1:1 Space group: PI
Specimen: RMS 1976.34.1 Straw yellow hexagonalcrystals.

Source: FranconQuarry, St Michel, Montreal Island, Quebec,Canada.(Type locality).
XRD: 39476
Composition:
Forms a serieswith donnayite-(Y). 3383 672?

The spectrumclosely matchesthat shown in the original description,ref. 1 ,and is similar to thoseof 3317 547
donnayite-(Y) and mckelveyite-(Y). 2931 325
2617
2421
References: 1682
1611
1. SabinaA.P., JamborJ.L. & Plant A.G. (1968) 1555
Weloganite,a new strontiumzirconium carbonatefrom Montreal Island, Canada. 1527
CanadianMineralogist, 9(4), pp. 468-77. 1413
with correction, CanadianMineralogist,1969, 9(5), p654. 1354
1064
1057
869
850
761
749
706
678
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
WITHERITE
Formula: BaC03 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Chemical type: A(XOJ Space group: Pmcn
Specimen: BM 26683 Colourlessprismatic crystal groups.

Source: Fallowfield mine, Hexham, Northumbria, County Durham, U.K.
XRD:
Composition: Ba only

The spectrumis identical with thoseof samplesfrom other localities. [3444]
Comparethe spectrumwith thoseof other membersof the aragonitegroup. 2878
2821
References: 2541
2452
1. AnatassovV., VassilevaM. & GoranovaR. (1989) 2093
Carbonateswith aragonitetype structure(aragonite,witherite and cerussite)in the Kremikotvsi 1752
deposit. (Hungarianwith English abstract). 1431
Annual of the Higher Institute of Mining & Geology, Sofia, Part 1, Geology, 35. 1060
858
2. White W B. (1974) 840
In: Farmer(Ed) The Infrared Spectraof Minerals 693
390
3. Decius J.C., Malan O.G. & ThompsonH.W. (1963) 308
The effects of intermolecularforces upon the vibration of moleculesin the crystalline state. 1. The 286
out-of-planebendingof the carbonateion in aragoniteminerals. 242?
Proceedingsof the Royal Societyof London, SeriesA, 275, pp.295-309.
38NVllIWSNV~1 %
WYARTITE
Formula: Ca3U4+ (U°zMCOJZ(OH)lS·4H10 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Specimen: BM 1969,47 Small greenlbrownlath-like crystals.

Source: Shinkolobwe,Shaba,Zaire. (Type locality).
XRD:
Composition: Ca:U ~ 3:11? with trace Si, S
3417
2937
2861
References: 1745
1623
l. Clark J.R. (1960) 1535
X-ray study of alterationin the uranium mineral wyartite. 1381
1165
2. Guillemin C. & ProtasJ. (1959) 1054
Lanthinite et wyartite. 902
Bulletin de la SocieteFrancaisede Mineralogie, 82(1,3), pp.80-6. 795
742
571
453
371
274
o.
In
C\J
C\J
o
o
In
o
o
o
..-t
til
a:
w
m
:::E
::::J
Z
W
o >
o
In
«
3:
..-t I
CJ
W
til
til
W
a:
Q.
:::E
o
LJ
o
o
o
C\J
o
o
o
(T)
to
to
CD 0
C\J 0
a: 0
6 6
t-4 ~
0
CD to
cd
0 0
0 ~
..-t
3~NV 11 I ~SNVtU %
ZARATITE
Formula: Ni3(C03)(OH)4·4H20 Crystal system: Cubic

Chemical type: Miscellaneous Space group: ?
Specimen: BM 22014 Dark greenvitreous coatingon chromite.

Source: Wood's mine, Texas, LancasterCounty, Pennsylvania,U.S.A. (Type locality).
XRD: 12438 = zaratite( poorly crystalline).
Composition: Ni:Mg variablefrom 11:1 to 16:1 with traceSi, S
3526
Partially amorphous,as were all of the zaratitespecimensstudied. 3426
The validity of zaratiteas a speciesis discussedin ref. 1. 2927
Comparethe spectrumwith that of hellyerite. 2860
1580
References: 1384
1070
1. IsaacsT. (1963) 1022
The mineralogyand chemistryof the nickel carbonates. 985
834
2. Huang C.K. & Kerr P.F. (1960) 678
Infrared study of the carbonateminerals. 522
400
o
In
C\J
C\J
o
o
In
o
o
o
..-4
o
o
o
C\J
o UJ
o I-
o I-f
(T) I-
«
c::
«
N
o o
o
..-4
38N'VIIIWSN'VHl %
11-- _u - --- ZELLERITE I
Formula: Ca(UOJ(COJz·5H zO Crystal system: Orthorhombic
Chemical type: A".Bn(XOJp·xHzO where (m+n):p = 1:1 Space group: Pmn21
Specimen: RMS 1978.17.98. Yellow fibrous.

Source: White Canyonmine, Frey Point, SanJuan Co., Utah, U.S.A.
XRD: 3897
Composition: Ca:U = 1:0·9 + traceMg,Sr,Fe,Mn,Ba
3556 772? I
3418 754
References: 2925 741?
2856 700
1. ColemanR.G., Ross D.R. & Meyrowitz R. (1966) 1778 692?
Zellerite and metazellerite,new uranyl carbonates. 1636 621
AmericanMineralogist, 51(11,12),pp.1567-78. 1520 309
1439 249?
1429
1378
1167
1090
963
953?
924
857?
843?
830
822?
o
Ln
C\J
C\J
o
o
Ln
o
o
o
~
en
cr:
UJ
OJ
::E
::::J
Z
UJ
o >
o <t
Ln 3:
....-i I
o
UJ
en
en
UJ
a:
0-
::E
o
U
o
o
o
C\J
UJ
o I-
......
o a:
o
CTl UJ
..J
-...J
UJ
N
"m
~
C\J
0
0
cr:
......
0
0 b ""'"
0
0
""'" 0
C\J
~
38NVllIVlSNVI:I1 %
ZNUCALITE
Formula: Zn12Ca(UOJ(COJ3(OH)n ·4HzO Crystal system: Triclinic

Specimen: RMS 1992.49.1 yellowlcreamcolouredcoating.

Source: Phbram,Bohemia,Czechoslovakia. (type locality).
XRD: 4547
Composition:
3331
References: 2965
2930
1. JamborJ.L. & PuziewiczJ. (1991) 1734
New mineral names. 1508
AmericanMineralogist, 76, pp.I728-35. 1392
1082
2. Ondru P., VeselovskY F. & Rybka R. (1990) 1046
Znucalite, ZnI2(U02)Ca(C03)(OH)22'~O, a new mineral from Pffbram, Czechoslovakia. 950
Neueslahrbuchfor Mineralogie, Monatshefte,pp.393-400. 890
832
801
742
706
612
517
472
369
276
C)
UJ
N
N
3~NVllI~SNV~1 %

G. C. Jones, B. Jackson (Auth.) - Infrared Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals-Springer Netherlands (1993)

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G. C. Jones, B. Jackson (Auth.) - Infrared Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals-Springer Netherlands (1993)

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Infrare d Transmission Spectra

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook)

(oö) Printed on acid-free text paper, manufactured in accordance with

The selectedspectrapresentedin this volume are a testimonyto the diversity of mineralcarbonates.

The purposeof this compilation is to make available recently-acquiredspectraof as many well-

The mineral specimens

Instrumentation and sample preparation

All spectrawere recordedin transmissionmode, using a Fourier transforminfrared spectrophoto-

Alstonite Gaylussite Otavite

Anhydrous normal carbonates

Hydrated normal carbonates

Anhydrous carbonates with hydroxyl and/or halogen

Hydrated carbonates with hydroxyl and/or halogen

Formula: BaCa(C03)2 Crystal system: Triclinic, pseudoorthorhombic

Specimen: BM 41707 Large, colourless,prismatic crystalswith witherite and calcite.

Notes Peak Table cm- 7

Trimorphouswith barytocalciteand paralstonite. [3413] 800

Formula: CaAlz(C03M°H)4-3HzO Crystal system: Triclinic ?

Specimen: BM 1937,1377 Lavender,silky, fibrous, radiating with calcite on serpentine.

Notes Peak Table cm- 1

Specimen: RMS 1988.7.8.

Notes Peak Table cm- 7

4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500

Formula: Na2Ca(UOJ(C03)3·6H20 Crystal system: Trigonal

Notes Peak Table em·'

Formula: Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)(C0 3)2 Crystal system: Trigonal

Notes Peak Table em- 1

Formula: CaC03 Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Specimen: BM 26522. Colourlesstwinned crystals.

Notes Peak Table cm- 1

Trimorphouswith calcite and vaterite. [3307] 536

Formula: MgiC03)(OH)2'3H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Specimen: BM 1973,503. Globular clustersof white radiating acicular crystals.

Notes Peak Table em- t

See ref. 2 for a discussionof the spectrum. 3604 349

Formula: (Zn,Cu>s(COJ2(OH), Crystal system: Orthorhombic

Specimen: BM 56865 Palebluelgreenspheroidalaggregateswith calcite, azurite etc.

Notes Peak Table em-'

Formula: CU3(C03MOH)2 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Notes Peak Table cm- 1

Formula: Na7AIH 2(C03)4F4 Crystal system: Triclinic, pseudohexagonal

Specimen: RMS, unregistered.Colourlesscrystal fragments.

Notes Peak Table em- 1

Material suppliedby Dr A.P. Khomyakov. [3393] 661

Formula: 3PbC12• PbC03• H20 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Specimen: BM 1990,25 Tiny colourlesscrystal aggregates.(Type specimen).

Notes Peak Table cm· 7

Formula: BaCa(C03)2 Crystal system: Monoclinic

Specimen: BM 40687 Colourlesscrystalson massive.

Notes Peak Table em- 7

Trimorphouswith alstoniteand paralstonite. [3425] 867

Formula: (Ce,La)(C03)F Crystal system: Hexagonal

Specimen: RMS unregistered

Notes Peak Table em- t

Formula: (La,Ce)(COJF Crystal system: Hexagonal

Specimen: BM 1946,81 Brown massivewith cerite and allanite

Notes Peak Table em"

Forms a serieswith hydroxyl-bastnasite. 3747 664