CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

1.1 BACKGROUND
The needs and roles of nutrition for the human body vary. It depends and is
influenced by several factors. Which of them is due to factors of age, sex,
occupation or status in society, and other things that affect activities and
circulation and metabolic processes in the body and the process of disposal.
In this paper, the author will discuss the needs and roles of nutrition and
nutritional requirements for the human body, especially for infants and toddlers. A
phenomenon in this day and age, is the inability or ignorance, even indifference to
the fulfillment of needs that must indeed be fulfilled in the growth phase of infants
and toddlers.
So that in some cases, the disease suffered in adulthood can occur at the age
of infants and toddlers. However, who is blamed on this? Misunderstanding and
handling can have an effect. For example, for 1-2 year old babies who are no
longer breastfed, and have been given food intake. In childhood, it does not rule
out the possibility that the child will be more at risk of developing ulcer disease,
than a child who gets food intake at the right age.

1.2 OBJECTIVE
What you want to achieve in writing this paper is to increase your
knowledge and understanding of the needs and roles of nutrition for children and
toddlers. Both for writers and for readers of this paper. So that it can be useful for
all of us.

1.3 SCOPE
This paper only discusses and writes explanations and explanations about
health needs and problems that can and occur in infants and toddlers.

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 CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL BASIS

2.1 DEFINITION OF NUTRITION

Nutrition is a process of organisms using food consumed normally through
the process of digestion, absorption, transportation, storage, metabolism and the
release of substances that are not used to maintain life, normal growth and
function of organs, and produce energy. According to Drs. Joko Pekik Irianto
M.Kes. in his book Complete Nutrition Guide for Families and Athlete (2007: 2),
the term nutrition comes from language
the arabic "giza" is fallow food substances. In English known as nutrition, which
means food ingredients or nutrients or often interpreted as nutrition.

2.2 FOOD DEFINITION

According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, food is:
1. Everything that can be eaten (such as side dishes, cakes).
2. All the ingredients we eat or enter into the body that form or replace body
tissue, provide energy, or regulate all processes in the body. In the Complete
Family and Sports Nutrition Guidebook, food contains many elements such
as carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, proteins, water, minerals and so on which are
grouped according to their uses into 3, namely:
1. Power Source
a. Carbohydrate
Is one or several chemical compounds including sugar, starch, and fiber which
contain C, H and O atoms with the chemical formula Cn (H2O) n contained in
plants such as rice, corn, wheat, tubers and formed through the process of
assimilation in plants.
b. Fat
It is salt which is formed from the union of fatty acids with alcohol organic
called glycerol or glycerin. The fat that can melt in temperature is usually called
oil. Whereas in solid form it is called fat. As with carbohydrates, fat is composed

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of molecules C, H and Ob with more number of atoms such as stearin C57
H10O6.
c. Protein
Is a chemical compound containing amino acids, composed of atoms C, H, O
and N.
2. Builder Substance
Substances classified as building substances are, among others:
a. Protein
Also called egg white because the protein was first found in egg white (ewit).
Protein is a substance that forms cells of plants, animals and humans,
approximately ¾ body solids are proteins. Therefore proteins are called builder
substances.
b. Air
Is the largest component in the structure of the human body. Approximately
60-70% of the body weight of an adult is in the form of water so that water is
needed by the body especially for those who need sports or strenuous activities.
3. Regulatory Substance Source
a. Vitamin
Organic compounds are needed by the body in small amounts to regulate
specific body functions such as normal growth, maintain health and reproduction.
Vitamins cannot be produced by the body so they must be obtained from food
ingredients. Vitamins are classified into two groups, namely:
1. Vitamins are soluble in water Consisting of vitamins B and vitamin C.
This type of vitamin cannot be stored in the body. This excess vitramin
will be removed through urine.
2. Fat-soluble vitamins Consist of vitamins A, D, E, and K. This type of
vitamin can be stored in the body in large quantities, especially in the liver

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 b. Mineral
Organic substances are needed by the body in small amounts to help the
body's functional reactions for example to maintain metabolic regularity.
Approximately 4% of the body weight is from minerals. In general, the functions
of minerals in the body are as follows:
1. Provides material as a constituent component of bones and teeth.
2. Helps organ function, maintain heart rhythm, muscle contraction, nerve
conduction and acid-base balance.
3. Maintain regularity of metabolism.

2.3 NEEDS OF NUTRITION IN CHILDREN AND CHILDREN

1. Nutritional Needs Or For Children And Toddlers
Nutritional needs of infants and toddlers are very important during the
growth of infants and toddlers. Here are some baby needs that need to be fulfilled
by babies and toddlers.
a. Carbohydrate
Carbohydrates are easily available energy sources in every food and must be
available in sufficient quantities because a shortage of around 15% of calories can
cause hunger and weight loss ... if the number of calories available or comes from
carbohydrates with high amounts can cause an increase in BB (obesity). Sufficient
amounts of carbohydrates can be obtained from milk, grains, fruits, sucrose,
syrup, flour, and vegetables.
The biggest portion of body energy (40-50%) of calorie needs comes from KH
(the main energy source). Carbohydrates are the main food that is affordable by
the community. KH is stored mainly in the form of glycogen in liver and muscle
tissue. If energy is not contained from KH, it is taken from protein and fat. KH is
obtained in the form of:
1. Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)
2. Disaccharide (lactose, sucrose, maltose, isomaltosa)
3. Polysaccharides (flour, dectrin, glycogen, cellulose)

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a. Fat
Basically not much fat is needed in large quantities except essential fats,
namely linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. In infants aged up to approximately
three months, fat is a source of glycerides and cholesterol that cannot be made
from carbohydrates. Fat serves to facilitate the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins,
namely vitamins A, D, E and K.
The amount and type of fat consumed daily affects the development and
growth of children. This effect occurs through the content of calories or energy
possessed and the role of certain fatty acids contained in it. For babies, the ideal
source of fat in breast milk (ASI). About 50 - 60 percent of that energy
contained in breast milk derived from milk fat. During the weaning period, fat
consumption must be kept up to too low of the amount needed. The use of fats,
especially vegetable oils in weaning or supplementary foods for infants and
toddlers is an effective way to meet their energy needs.
Fat is the main energy source for growth and physical activity for children
and toddlers. This energy requirement will be fulfilled if the consumption of fat /
oil only
accounts for 15 percent or less of the total energy needed per day. Until
the age of two years, the fat consumed by children in addition to being a source of
energy, must be seen also in terms of structural functions. Fat will produce fatty
acids and cholesterol which turns out to be needed to form stem cells in all organs.
Important organs such as the retina and central nervous system are mainly
composed of fat. Dangat fatty acids needed by these body tissues are mainly
essential fatty acids. Essential weak acids are fatty acids that cannot be made in
the body so they must be processed from food, consisting of Linoleic, Linearene
and Arachidonic acids.
ASI has a fatty acid composition that is very appropriate for the needs of infants
and children up to two years. Also contains factors that cause fat to be easily
digested, also its chemical composition makes breast milk easy to digest and also
provides a balanced supply between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids.
For infants and toddlers, the recommendations given are as follows (1) as far
as possible the baby is given ASI, (2) the fatty acid composition in the baby food

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formula must be adjusted to the amount and proportion of fatty acids contained in
breast milk, and (3) during the weaning period or at most until a 2-year-old baby,
the energy requirements derived from fat must be as much as 30-40 percent of the
total energy needed per day, with the composition of fatty acids as similar as
possible to breast milk.

b. Protein
Protein is a basic nutrient that is useful in the formation of cell protoplasms. In
addition, the availability of protein in sufficient quantities is important for the
growth and repair of tissue cells and as a solution to maintain plasma osmoyic
balance. Proteins consist of twenty-four amino acids, including nine essential
amino acids (threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, tryptophan,
phenylalanine, methionine, and histidine) and the remaining nonessential amino
acids. If the amount of protein in the body is high it can worsen renal
insufficiency. If the amount is lacking, it can cause weakness, edema, even in
worse conditions can cause kwshiorkor (lack of protein) and marasmus (lack of
protein and calories). Components of protein nutrients can be obtained from milk,
eggs, meat, fish, poultry, cheese, soybeans, beans, beans, and whole grains.

c. Water
Water is a very important nutritional requirement, considering that the water
needs of infants reach 75-80% of body weight. Water for the body functions as a
solvent for cellular exchange.
d. Mineral
Mineral is a component of nutrients available in micro groups, namely:
Calcium is a mineral that is useful for regulating the structure of bones and teeth,
muscle contraction, nerve irritability, blood coagulation, heart work and milk
production. Calcium will be excreted 70% in feces, 10% in urine, while 15-25%
persists and depends on growth rate.
1. Chloride is very useful in removing osmotic pressure and acid and base
balance. Chloride can be obtained from salt, meat, milk and eggs.

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 2. Chromium is useful for glucose metabolism and metabolism in insulin.
Chromium can be obtained from yeast.
3. Copper is useful for the production of red blood cells, the formation of
hemoglobin, iron absorption and others. Copper can be obtained from the
liver, meat, fish, rice, and beans.
4. Flour is a mineral that functions to regulate the structure of the gii and
bone, so that if deficiency can cause dental caries. Sources of flour are
found in water, seafood, and plants.
5. Iodine must be available in sufficient quantities because lack of iodine can
cause goiter. Iodine can be obtained from salt.
6. Iron is a mineral that is part of the structure of hemoglobin for transport
CO 2 and O 2. Iron deficiency can lead to anemia and osteoporosis. While
excess can lead to cirrhosis, gastritis, and hemolysis. Iron can be obtained
from the liver, meat, egg yolks, green vegetables, rice, and plants.
7. Macnesium is useful in the activity of enzymes in carbohydrate
metabolism and is very important in metabolic processes. Mangnesium
deficiency causes hypocalcemia or hypokalemia, macnesium can be
obtained from grains, beans, meat and milk.
8. Manganese functions in enzyme activity. Manganese can be obtained from
rice beans, grains, and green vegetables.
9. Phosphorus is a basic element in the growth of bones and teeth.
Phosphorus deficiency can cause muscle weakness. Phosphorus can be
obtained from milk, egg yolks, nuts, grains and others.
10. Potassium functions in muscle contraction and delivery of nerve
implusions, fluid balance, and regulation of heart rhythm, potassium can
be obtained from all foods.
11. Sodium is useful in regulating osmotic pressure and regulation of acid and
alkaline balance, and fluids. Fluid deficiency can result in muscle cramps,
nausea, dehydration and hypotension. Sodium can be obtained from salt,
milk, eggs, flour and others.
12. Sulfur is a basic element of cellular protein that helps the metabolic
process of neural networks. Sulfur can be obtained from protein foods.

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 13. Zinc is the main element of some carbonic anhydrase enzymes that are
important in CO2 exchange. Can be obtained from meat, grains, beans,
and cheese.

e. Vitamin
To maintain health, infant and child reconciliation according to the
Recommended Dietary Allowance for Use in Indonesia issued by the Indonesian
Ministry of Health in 1968 planned food arrangements for an infant or child. If we
want to determine the right food for a baby or child, then the following steps are
needed:
1. Determine the number of needs of each nutrient by using data about
nutrient requirements.
2. Determine the type of food chosen to translate nutrients from various food
ingredients.
3. Determine what type of food will be processed according to the desired
dish (menu).
4. Determine the time schedule and determine the dish. It is also necessary to
determine the way of feeding, for example by way of regular eating, with
the estimator (sonde) and others.
5. Pay attention to the input that occurs in the dish. It is necessary to consider
the possibility of favorite factors and dislike of a food.

The factors that need to be needed for proper eating arrangements are:
1. Age
2. Body Weight
3. Diagnosis of the disease, stage and condition of the disease
4. Mouth as a food receiver
5. Eating habits, likes and dislikes, acceptability of food and children's
tolerance to food given. By paying attention and taking into account the
factors mentioned above, generally there will not be much error in
managing meals for an infant or child.

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2.4 Total Energy and Parenteral nutrition
The FAO / WHO expert commission in 1971 found that the recruitment of
calories must be matched with body weight during the growth period. Nelson does
not distinguish sex in adolescence. This difference is actually needed, considering
that in adolescence there is a difference from the beginning of puberty and also
the difference in recruitment from other nutrients. The calories given will be used
for:
a. Basal metabolism: infants need 55 cal / kg body weight / day, then at a
later age they decrease and after adulthood to 25-30 cal / kg / day. Basal
metabolism increases by 10% for each 10C temperature rise.
b. Specific dynamic action (SDA) is the increase in calories needed above the
needs of basal metabolism, which is caused by eating and digesting food.
In infancy it averages 7-8% of all caloric inputs, whereas in children it is
around 5% when given normal food.
c. Excreta disposal (unused leftovers): usually no more than 10%.
d. Physical activity: 15-25 cal / kg / day. When very active it can reach 50-80
cal / kg for a short time, for example when exercising (athletics,
swimming, and so on).
e. Growth is the number of calories that are not used for the above purposes
and are stored calories. It depends on the growth phase, on the initial days
of approximately 20-40 cal / kg / day, then decreases so that by the end of
the baby's period it will be 15-25 cal / kg / day. In adolescence, the need
for calories for growth will increase again. Calories in foods come from
nutrient protein, fat, and carbohydrates. Each gram of protein produces 4
calories, 9 calories of fat and 4 calories of carbohydrates. Calorie
distribution in children's diet in a balanced diet is 15% derived from
protein, 35% from fat, and 50% from carbohydrates. According to Platt
(1961), if the nutritional value of the food is measured by Net Dietary
protein calories% or NDpCals%, then something of sufficient value
(adequate) is as follows:
1. Infancy: 8.0
2. Toddlers 1-3 years old: 7.8

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 3. Toddlers 4-5 years old: 5,9
The excess calories that remain every day as much as 500 calories, can cause a
weight gain of 500 grams a week.

2.5 PURPOSE OF GIVING NUTRITION TO BABIES AND CHILDREN

The goals of providing nutrition to infants and toddlers are as follows:
1. Reach normal weight and maintain it.
2. Maintaining nutritional status in good condition.
3. Providing nutrients to ensure growth and increase the body's resistance to
infection.
4. Develop good eating habits, foster knowledge about eating and good food
in children.

2.6 FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITION IN BABIES AND BEHAVIORS

Factors that cause malnutrition have been introduced by UNICEF and
have been used internationally, which includes several stages of causes of
malnutrition in children under five, both direct, indirect, root causes and
problems. Based on Soekirman in the national Food and Nutrition Action
material, the causes of malnutrition can be explained as follows:
First, the direct cause is child food and infectious diseases that the child
may suffer. The causes of malnutrition are not only due to lack of food but also
due to disease. Toddlers who get good food but because of frequent diarrhea or
fever can suffer from malnutrition. Thus in toddlers who eat not well enough, the
body's resistance will be weakened and susceptible to disease. In fact, both food
and disease together are the cause of malnutrition.
Second, indirect causes, namely food security in the family, pattern of care
for toddlers, and health and environmental health services. Food security is the
ability of families to meet the food needs of all family members in sufficient
quantities and good quality. The pattern of care is the ability of the family to
provide time, attention and support for children in order to grow and develop
optimally both physically, mentally, and socially. Environmental health and

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sanitation services are the availability of clean water and basic health care
facilities that are affordable for the whole family.
These factors are closely related to the level of education, knowledge, and
family skills. The higher the education, knowledge and skills there is the
possibility that the better the level of family food security, the better the pattern of
care for toddlers and families, the more they will use the services available.
Family food security is also related to food availability, food prices, and family
purchasing power, as well as knowledge about nutrition and health.

2.7 CALCULATION OF THE IDEAL WEIGHT

1. Babies (0-12 Months)
Determination of BBI (Ideal body weight)
Unknown Birth Weight: BBI = (AGE: 2) + 3 S / D 4 kg
If it is known that Birth Weight :
Age of 6 months: 2 X BBL
12 months of age: 3 X BBL
Estimated total energy and nutrient requirements per day
1. Energy = 100-120 calories / kg BBI
2. Protein = 10% X Energy or = 2.5 - 3 gr / kg BBI
3. Fat = 10-20% X Energy
4. KH = 60-70% X Energy
2. Toddler
Determination of BBI (Ideal body weight)
Age more than 12 months: (age in years X 2) + 8 kg
Estimated total energy and nutrient requirements per day
A. Energy:
1. 1000 + (100 X age in years)
2. Age 1-3 years: 100 calories / kg BBI
3. Ages 4-6 years: 90 calories / kg BBI
4. Protein = 10% X Energy or = 1.5 -2.0 gr / kg BBI
5. Fat = 10-20% X Energy
6. KH = 60-70% X Energy

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How to use it is emulated as :
The first example: children under the age of 14 months, before the age of
the toddler is included in the formula before the age of 14 months is broken down
into years and months which is 1 year 2 months where 1 year is 12 months.
Because n is age in years and months, 1 year 2 months is written with 1.2 (read 1
year 2 months). Then just entered into the formula, namely:
(Age of child in years * 28) +
(2 x 1.2) + 8 = 2.4 + 8 = 10.4
So the result is the Ideal Body Weight for children under the age of 14
months is 10.4 kg. The first example above is very practical, but be careful, it's a
bit complicated like the second example below:
The second example: Children under the age of 2 years 10 months, as
above this is written with n = 2.10 and then multiplied by 2 (as the formula 2n) so
the result is 4.20. These results should not be immediately added by 8, because
4.20 means 4 years 20 months, 20 months means 1 year 8 months, so 4.20
changes to 5.8, then added with 8 then the ideal body weight is 13.8 kg . For ideal
body weight infants aged 1-12 months can use the following formula:
a. For ages 1-6 months, use the formula:
BBL (gr) + (age x 600 grams)
b. For ages 7-12 months can use the formula
BBL (gr) + (age x 500 grams)
(age / 2) +3
Where: BBL is an Age Birth Weight stated in months.

2.8 INTELPRETATION OF IDEAL BODY WEIGHT BODY

As with the interpretation of Ideal Body Weight Adults (aged 15 years and
over) are +10% BBI can also apply to BBI children under five. Starting from the
normal range, namely the formula above = (2n + 8) + 10% (2n + 8). Namely
between 9.6-11.44. Parents need to be careful if the percentage of Real Weight
has been below or above 20% can be said that these toddlers have an unbalanced
nutritional condition, if it is above 20% toddlers can be said to be overweight and

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if under 20% can be said malnutrition and can progress to malnutrition for
toddlers / children and hungry malnutrition for adults.
Actually, to measure the normal weight of children under five is
determined internationally, namely by using the WHO-NCHS standard or also by
looking at the Health Towards Card (KMS) of toddlers' growth, as shown in the
picture, every child has an ideal weight and growth pattern (good), the important
thing is to get older and gain weight and the pattern is clear, not to suddenly gain
weight this month, the next month down again and then up again. The above
method of determining BBI for toddlers is only a practical way that can be
directly used without having to look at guidelines such as the WHO-NCHS
standard or also the health card that is commonly seen in posyandu.

2.9 IMPORTANT NUTRITION NEEDED

Fulfillment of nutrition for every toddler is a must because this is very
influential on the future of the baby, especially in the first 5 years, because what
happened during the first 5 years is very decisive year after year of growth and
development. This is what should underlie every parent to try to make the
nutrition of his nutrition fulfilled as much as possible. But what are the nutrients
needed by our children for maximum growth and development? Here are some
important nutrients needed by every toddler that are very influential on their
growth and development.
1. Vitamin A, D, E and K
These 4 vitamins are vital for your toddler's growth. So, try to make this
vitamin intake fulfilled every day. As we know, vitamin A is very good for the
vision and health of our toddler's skin, while vitamin D plays an important role in
increasing calcium absorption and helps the growth of bones and teeth of children.
While vitamin E has antioxidants that help the growth of the nervous system and
cell growth. Vitamin K helps blood clots.
2. Calcium
It is a mineral that is needed by toddlers in the formation of bone mass.
Calcium is very important to form strong bones so that your toddler is protected
from fractures when starting to learn to climb and actively play. The daily needs

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of toddlers for calcium are generally 500 mg / day. Food sources from calcium
include milk, cheese, tofu, broccoli, tomatoes, oatmeal, beans, and salmon.
3. Vitamins B and C
The functions of vitamin B include improving your toddler's nervous
system and immune system, increasing cell growth, and regulating the body's
metabolism. While vitamin C serves to increase absorption of iron in the toddler's
body and prevent canker sores. Food sources that contain lots of B vitamins
include brown rice, bananas, nuts, fish, meat and eggs. While to fulfill your
toddler's nutrition with vitamin C, you can get it from tomatoes, potatoes,
strawberries and green vegetables.
4. Iron
Toddlers really need iron, especially to help the development of the brain.
If your toddler's nutritional needs for iron are not met, chances are he will
experience slowness in the brain's work function. Food sources that contain iron
include meat, fish, broccoli, eggs, spinach, soybeans and avocados.

D. NUTRITION PROBLEMS IN BABIES

Health problems that commonly occur in children associated with
nutritional fulfillment problems, namely, among others.
1. Iron Deficiency Anemia
This situation occurs because there is too little iron in the food, especially
in children who consume too much milk so they relax the desire to eat other
foods. To overcome this situation, besides providing iron supplementation (if the
doctor considers this necessary), the child must also be given and accustomed to
eating foods that contain a lot of iron. Meanwhile, some milk is replaced with
water or orange juice. Although it does not contain iron, orange juice is rich in
vitamin C which can help iron absorption.
2. Chronic disease
Even a disease that does not drain energy reserves, if it lasts long can
disrupt growth because it eliminates the child's appetite. In addition, there are also
types of diseases that deplete vitamin A reserves.

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3. Overweight
If it is not tertasi, excess weight (especially if you have reached obesity)
will continue to adolescence and adulthood. Just like adults, overweight children
occur because of an imbalance between the energy that comes in with out, too
much eating, too little exercise, or both. In contrast to adults, overweight children
should not be lowered, because heavy shrinkage will simultaneously eliminate the
nutrients needed for growth. The weight gain rate should be stopped or slowed
until the weight of the proportion to height returns to normal. This slowdown can
be achieved by reducing eating while increasing exercise.
4. Pica
Namely consuming something not food, such as dust, classified into pica.
Such behavior does not endanger a child's life as far as he is do not eat toxic
substances. Pica must be distinguished from 'child habits', especially toddlers, put
things in their mouths. In infancy, children use their mouths to learn, for example
biting marbles, and this is not pica.
5. Television
Actually, it is not television that causes nutritional problems, but rather the
impact of the television, especially the advertisements performed by children.
Viewers of children who have not been able to think critically are easily
persuaded and almost immediately like, for example potato chips, sweets, or other
"non-nutritious" foods whose advertisements are starring their peers.
Advertisements for nutritious child food are rarely displayed. This is very difficult
to overcome. The only effective way to avoid "bad" shows is to turn off the TV or
move to another channel, which is a channel that does not show ads when
unwanted ads appear on the TV screen. If the child (big) has been invited to
communicate, give teachings about the negative effects of the food advertised.
6. Less Weight
The severe shortage that occurs in a growing child is a serious problem.
This condition reflects poor eating habits. Just like excess weight problems, the
handling step must be based on the causes and possible solutions.

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7. Allergy
Literally, food allergies are interpreted as abnormal responses to food that
ordinary people can tolerate. Food allergies are not rarely seen in children (5-8%)
and adults (1-2%), especially those who have a family history of allergic sufferers.
This incidence will continue to increase just like other allergic cases such as
atopic or asthma. Depending on the type of food eaten, allergies may be
temporary or even permanent. Allergies triggered by milk, soybeans, eggs, and
wheat flour can subside on their own, while those caused by beans, fish and
shellfish tend to settle down. Most milk allergies appear in the first year of life
when children are introduced to cow's milk or formula milk made from cow's
milk. These allergies are found to subside with age, except those that are indeed
'atopic'.
The prevalence of allergies to eggs is estimated to be around 1.6-2.6% of
the pediatric population. Among people with atopic dermatitis, this number is
even higher. Allergic reactions are seen about 30 minutes after eating, which
manifest as skin disorders (85%), gastrointestinal tract (60%), and breathing
(40%). Entering age school, some children (44%) return to enjoy eggs without
worrying about allergies, while the rest (56%) do not.
The prevalence of peanuts is only 0.6%. Symptoms that appear at the first
time eating peanuts occur less than 30 minutes (90%), manifesting from skin
disorders to breathing. Symptoms will be more severe (40% on the next meal).
While 20% of children who are allergic can actually chew beans safely on the
next meal.

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 CHAPTER III
COVER

3.1 CONCLUSION
The first and foremost food in infants is breast milk. Mother's milk is very
suitable to meet the needs of babies in all things. But babies also need nutrients to
grow and develop properly. The nutrients needed are included in the group of
builders, regulators and builders, which are also called substances or sources of
energy. The age of the baby increases, the food that must be consumed also
changes, from breast milk to weaning food. Weaning, literally means getting used
to. That is, babies are gradually getting used to eating adult food. During the
weaning period, the baby's food changes only from breast milk which is
commonly served by the family, while milk is given only as an additional food. In
meeting these needs, there are obstacles encountered. For example, the ability of
material to meet these needs or the inability of the body of a baby or toddler to
receive these substances.

3.2 SUGGESTIONS
It is better if we increase knowledge about sensitivity and concern for the
importance of nutrition for the growth and development of a baby and toddler.
Especially during growth and development. And it will also affect the
development of stimulus and response in both children and toddlers.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 Kesehatan Olahraga
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 Panduan Gizi Lengkap Keluarga dan Olahragawan
. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi Moehji, Sjahmien, B.Sc. 1992.
 Ilmu Gizi
. Jakarta: Bhratara Niaga Media Wiryo, Hananto. (2002),
 Peningkatan Gizi Bayi, Anak, Ibu Hamil dan Menyusui dengan  Makanan Lokal 
. Jakarta: Sagung Seto Tips Anak Bayi fikhar. (2012).
 Beberapa Nutrisi Penting Bagi Balita Anda
 http://duniaanak.org/makanan-anak/gizi-balita-beberapa-nutrisi-penting- balita.ht
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Reki. (2003).
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