grid on;

The resulting plot is shown below:

6-21. A 460-V, 10 hp, four-pole, Y-connected, Insulation class F, Service Factor 1.15 induction motor has the
following parameters
R1 = 0.54  R2 = 0.488  X M = 51.12 
X 1 = 2.093  X 2 = 3.209 
PF&W = 150 W Pmisc = 50 W Pcore = 150 kW
For a slip of 0.02, find
(a) The line current I L
(b) The stator power factor
(c) The rotor power factor
(d) The rotor frequency
(e) The stator copper losses PSCL

(f) The air-gap power PAG

(g) The power converted from electrical to mechanical form Pconv

(h) The induced torque  ind

(i) The load torque  load

(j) The overall machine efficiency 

(k) The motor speed in revolutions per minute and radians per second
(l) Sketch the power flow diagram for this motor.
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 (m) What is the starting code letter for this motor?
(n) What is the maximum acceptable temperature rise in this motor, given its insulation class?
(o) What does the service factor of this motor mean?
SOLUTION The equivalent circuit of this induction motor is shown below:
IA
R1 jX1 jX2 R2

+
0.54 ? j2.093 ? j3.209 ? 0.488 ?

jXM 1 s 
V? j51.12 ? R2  
 s 
23.912 ?
-

(a) The easiest way to find the line current (or armature current) is to get the equivalent impedance Z F
of the rotor circuit in parallel with jX M , and then calculate the current as the phase voltage divided by
the sum of the series impedances, as shown below.
IA
R1 jX1 jXF RF

+
0.54 ? j2.093 ?

V?

The equivalent impedance of the rotor circuit in parallel with jX M is:

1 1
ZF    17.98  j11.10  21.1331.7 
1 1 1 1
 
jX M Z 2 j 51.12  24.41  j 3.209

The phase voltage is 460/ 3 = 266 V, so line current I L is

V 2660 V
IL  I A  
R1  jX 1  RF  jX F 0.54   j 2.093   17.98   j11.10 
I L  I A  11.70  35.5 A
(b) The stator power factor is
PF  cos  35.5   0.814 lagging

(c) To find the rotor power factor, we must find the impedance angle of the rotor
X2 3.209
 R  tan 1  tan 1  7.50
R2 / s 24.4
(d) The rotor frequency is
179
 f r  sf s   0.02  60 Hz   1.2 Hz

Therefore the rotor power factor is

PFR  cos 7.50  0.991 lagging
(e) The stator copper losses are

PSCL  3I A2 R1  3 11.7 A   0.54    222 W

2

R2
(f) The air gap power is PAG  3I 2 2  3I A2 RF
s
R2
(Note that 3I A2 RF is equal to 3I 2 2 , since the only resistance in the original rotor circuit was R2 / s ,
s
and the resistance in the Thevenin equivalent circuit is RF . The power consumed by the Thevenin
equivalent circuit must be the same as the power consumed by the original circuit.)
R2
PAG  3I 2 2  3I A 2 RF  3 11.7 A  17.98    7.38 kW
2

s
(g) The power converted from electrical to mechanical form is
Pconv  1  s  PAG  1  0.02   7.38 kW   7.23 kW

(h) The synchronous speed of this motor is

120 f se 120  60 Hz 
nsync    1800 r/min
P 4
 2 rad  1 min 
sync  1800 r/min      188.5 rad/s
 1 r  60 s 
Therefore the induced torque in the motor is
PAG 7.38 kW
 ind    39.2 N  m
sync  2 rad  1 min 
1800 r/min    
 1 r  60 s 
(i) The output power of this motor is
POUT  Pconv  Pmech  Pcore  Pmisc  7.23 kW  150 W  150 W  50 W  6.88 kW
The output speed is
nm  1  s  nsync  1  0.02  1800 r/min   1764 r/min

Therefore the load torque is

POUT 6.88 kW
 load    37.2 N  m
m  2 rad  1 min 
1764 r/min    
 1 r  60 s 
(j) The overall efficiency is
POUT POUT
  100%   100%
PIN 3V I A cos 
6.88 kW
  100%  90.5%
3  266 V 11.7 A  cos  35.5 
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(k) The motor speed in revolutions per minute is 1764 r/min. The motor speed in radians per second is
 2 rad  1 min 
m  1764 r/min      184.7 rad/s
 1 r  60 s 
(l) The power flow diagram for this motor is

7.38 kW 7.23 kW

6.88 kW
7.60 kW

150 W 50 W
150 W 150 W
222 W
(m) The equivalent circuit of this induction motor at starting conditions is shown below:
IA
R1 jX1 jX2 R2

+
0.54 ? j2.093 ? j3.209 ? 0.488 ?

V? j51.12 ? jXM

The easiest way to find the line current (or armature current) is to get the equivalent impedance Z F of the
rotor circuit in parallel with jX M , and then calculate the current as the phase voltage divided by the sum
of the series impedances, as shown below.
IA
R1 jX1 jXF RF

+
0.54 ? j2.093 ?

V?

The equivalent impedance of the rotor circuit in parallel with jX M is:

1 1
ZF    0.435  j 2.864  2.9081.3 
1 1 1 1
 
jX M Z 2 j 51.12  0.488  j 3.209
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 The phase voltage is 460/ 3 = 266 V, so line current I L is
V 2660 V
IL  I A  
R1  jX 1  RF  jX F 0.54   j 2.093   0.435   j 2.90 
I L  I A  52.3  79 A
The starting kVA of the motor is
Sstart  3V I A  3  266 V  52.3 A   41.7 kVA
The locked rotor kVA/hp is
41.7 kVA
kVA/hp   4.17
10 hp
Therefore this motor is Starting Code Letter D.
6-22. Plot the torque-speed characteristic of the motor in Problem 6-21. What is the starting torque of this
motor?
SOLUTION A MATLAB program to calculate the torque-speed characteristic of this motor is shown below:

% M-file: prob6_22.m
% M-file create a plot of the torque-speed curve of the
% induction motor of Problem 6-21.

% First, initialize the values needed in this program.

r1 = 0.54; % Stator resistance
x1 = 2.093; % Stator reactance
r2 = 0.488; % Rotor resistance
x2 = 3.209; % Rotor reactance
xm = 51.12; % Magnetization branch reactance
v_phase = 460 / sqrt(3); % Phase voltage
n_sync = 1800; % Synchronous speed (r/min)
w_sync = 188.5; % Synchronous speed (rad/s)

% Calculate the Thevenin voltage and impedance from Equations

% 6-41a and 6-43.
v_th = v_phase * ( xm / sqrt(r1^2 + (x1 + xm)^2) );
z_th = ((j*xm) * (r1 + j*x1)) / (r1 + j*(x1 + xm));
r_th = real(z_th);
x_th = imag(z_th);

% Now calculate the torque-speed characteristic for many

% slips between 0 and 1. Note that the first slip value
% is set to 0.001 instead of exactly 0 to avoid divide-
% by-zero problems.
s = (0:0.1:50) / 50; % Slip
s(1) = 0.001;
nm = (1 - s) * n_sync; % Mechanical speed

% Calculate torque versus speed

for ii = 1:length(s)
t_ind(ii) = (3 * v_th^2 * r2 / s(ii)) / ...
(w_sync * ((r_th + r2/s(ii))^2 + (x_th + x2)^2) );
end

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