The batteries are used to store electric energy and to be used when there is no

sunlight. There are two

main types of the batteries that are used in the PV system: Lead Acid battery and
Deep Cycle battery. The
batteries in most common use are lead-acid type because of their good availability
and cost effectiveness
402 International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy, vol. 3, no. 4, October
2014
and also it is capable of producing high currents [12].
A charge controller is a current-regulating device that is placed between the solar
array output and the
batteries. These devices are designed to prevent the batteries from being
overcharged or overly discharged
[10]. Some charge controllers use on/off control using pulse width modulation. It
works to slowly reduce
the amount of charge that follow into the battery as the battery approach its fully
charge stage [14].