ΔG°′

Phản ứng
(kcal/mol)
THỦY PHÂN (HYDROLYSIS)
Thủy phân Acid anhydride:
Acetic anhydride + H2O → 2 acetate −21.8
PPi + H2O → 2 Pi* −8.0
ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi −7.3
Thuỷ phân Ester:
Ethylacetate + H2O → ethanol + acetate −4.7
Glucose 6-phosphate + H2O → glucose + Pi −3.3
Thủy phân Amides:
Glutamine + H2O → glutamate + NH4+ −3.4
Glycylglycine + H2O → 2 glycine (Thủy phân 1 liên kết peptid) −2.2
Thủy phân đường (Glycosides):
Sucrose + H2O → glucose + fructose −7.0
Maltose + H2O → 2 glucose −4.0
PHẢN ỨNG ESTE HÓA (ESTERIFICATION)
Glucose + Pi → glucose 6-phosphate + H2O +3.3
PHẢN ỨNG CHUYỂN NHÓM CHỨC (REARRANGEMENT)
Glucose 1-phosphate → glucose 6-phosphate −1.7
Fructose 6-phosphate → glucose 6-phosphate −0.4
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) → dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) −1.8
PHẢN ỨNG LOẠI NƯỚC (ELIMINATION)
Malate → fumarate + H2O +0.75
PHẢN ỨNG OXI HÓA (OXIDATION)
Glucose + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O −686
Palmitic acid + 23 O2 → 16 CO2 + 16 H2O −2338
QUANG HỢP (PHOTOSYNTHESIS)
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 +686
*
PPi = pyrophosphate; Pi = phosphate.
†
The three reactions shown occur during glycolysis, the first steps in conversion of glucose to CO 2 .
‡
The two principal products of photosynthesis are sucrose, a disaccharide, and starch, a
long polymer of glucose.
SOURCE: A. L. Lehninger, 1975, Biochemistry, 2d ed., Worth, p. 397.