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    Viruses and Prokaryotic Cells

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    Prokaryotic cells are the simplest and most ancient type of cells. They are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, which allows them to reproduce quickly. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and their DNA is located in the nucleoid region not enclosed by a membrane. They also lack membrane-bound organelles. In contrast, eukaryotic cells have their DNA found within a distinct nucleus and contain membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. During asexual reproduction, prokaryotic cells undergo binary fission where the cell splits into two daughter cells.

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    Viruses and Prokaryotic Cells

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    pipi
    16 views2 pages
    Prokaryotic cells are the simplest and most ancient type of cells. They are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, which allows them to reproduce quickly. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and their DNA is located in the nucleoid region not enclosed by a membrane. They also lack membrane-bound organelles. In contrast, eukaryotic cells have their DNA found within a distinct nucleus and contain membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. During asexual reproduction, prokaryotic cells undergo binary fission where the cell splits into two daughter cells.

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    Prokaryotic cells are the simplest and most ancient type of cells. They are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, which allows them to reproduce quickly. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and their DNA is located in the nucleoid region not enclosed by a membrane. They also lack membrane-bound organelles. In contrast, eukaryotic cells have their DNA found within a distinct nucleus and contain membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. During asexual reproduction, prokaryotic cells undergo binary fission where the cell splits into two daughter cells.

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    16 views2 pages

    Viruses and Prokaryotic Cells

    Uploaded by

    pipi
    Prokaryotic cells are the simplest and most ancient type of cells. They are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, which allows them to reproduce quickly. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and their DNA is located in the nucleoid region not enclosed by a membrane. They also lack membrane-bound organelles. In contrast, eukaryotic cells have their DNA found within a distinct nucleus and contain membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. During asexual reproduction, prokaryotic cells undergo binary fission where the cell splits into two daughter cells.

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    of 2

    17 set 2020

    Prokaryotic cells
    - Simplest and most ancient types of cells

    - Lot smaller than eukaryotes

    - Small allows them to reproduce fast and


    effectively

    - No nucleus >> DNA located in nucleoid


    region, not enclosed by membrane
    angle circular DNA molecule. Flagellum
    used for movement

    Both have ribosomes, plasma membrane,


    dna, cytoplasm

    Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells

    No true nucleus, only an area where DNA is DNA found in the distinct nucleus
    found (nucleoid region)

    DNA is not associated with proteins DNA molecules are coiled around basic proteins
    called histones

    Some DNA may be in the form of circular Linear DNA molecule, packed into bundles of
    strands called plasmids chromosomes. No plasmids

    No membrane-bound organelles Have membrane-bound organelles, such as Er,


    Golgi apparatus, etc..

    No chloroplasts, only bacterial chlorophyll Chloroplasts in plant cells and algae


    associated with the cell— surface membrane in
    some bacteria

    Ribosomes are smaller (70S) Ribosomes are larger (80S)

    Cell wall made of murein (peptidoglycan) Where present, cell wall is made mostly of
    cellulose

    May have an out mucilaginous layer called No capsule


    capsule

    binary fission: asexual reproduction. The cell splits itself into daughter cells.

    17 set 2020

    Viruses
    Look on firefly.

    Norovirus:

    Measles: coming back due to antivax people. It affects the brain cells, leaving long
    term disabilities. Can cause death

    helicobacter: Causes stomach ulcers.

    HIV: virus replicates inside the cell

    Influenza:

    Viral replication

    Virus structure:

    -Acellular. Not made up of cells


    and don’t carry out life processes.

    -Contain reverse transcriptase


    (enzyme), used to replicate other
    cells’ DNA

    -Lipid envelope, can’t be


    subjected to high temperatures

    How the replication works:

    - Attachment protein joins with the hosts cell surface membrane

    - Virus enters the cell and releases its genetic material

    - The cel copies the genetic material

    - It makes new capsids and assembles new viruses

    - The new viruses burst out of the cell

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