Mathematics 5

1
Visualizing the Ratio of 2 Given Numbers

Ratio – a comparison of two quantities or given sets of objects.

- the two numbers in a ratio represent two quantities or objects that are being
compared to one another.
Three ways we can write a ratio:
1) in words (2 to 3),
2) using a colon (2:3),
2
3) in fraction form ( 3 )

(Note that we use the phrases "for every," "per," and "for each" to express
the relationship in
ratios.)
Comparing two quantities:
a) PART TO PART such as 13 girls in the class compared to 11 boys in the class
13
(13 to 11, 13:11, 11 , and we read: “For every 13 girls in the class, there are 11 boys.”)

b) PART TO WHOLE such as 8 red candies compared to the total number of candies in
 8
he bag (8 to 23, 8:23, , and we read: “There are 8 red candies out of 23 total
23
candies.”) Mathematics 5
Example:
There are 3 girls and 5 boys playing soccer.
a) PART TO PART

1. What is the ratio of girls to boys?

 Answer: 3 to 5 or 3:5 or We read: “For every 3 girls, there are 5 boys.”
3
5

(Remember: Girls are first mentioned in the question, therefore 3 comes before 5.)

2. What is the ratio of boys to girls?

Answer: 5 to 3 or 5:3 or We read: “For every 5 boys, there are 3 girls.”

5
3

(Remember: Boys are first mentioned in the question, therefore 5 comes before 3.)

b) PART TO WHOLE

1. What is the ratio of girls to the total number of players?

Answer: 3 to 8 or 3:8 or We read: “ 3 girls for every 8 players.”

3
8

(Remember: Girls are compared to the total number of players which is 8.)

2. What is the ratio of boys to the total number of players?

Answer: 5 to 8 or 5:8 or We read: “5 boys for every 8 players.”

5
8

(Remember: Boys are compared to the total number of players which is 8)

Directions: Analyze the diagram below.

Can you compare and visualize the ratio

of the following quadrilaterals? Write your
answer in your notebook.

2.) a. Kites to Trapezoids =

b. Trapezoids to Kites =
c. Kites to the total number of quadrilaterals =
d. Trapezoids to the total number of quadrilaterals =

7
 2
Identifying and Writing Equivalent Ratios

What is Ratio?
Ratio compares quantities, numbers, or amounts of the same kind.

Ratios can be shown in different ways:

a. Use “:” to separate the values.

Example: 3:1

b. Use the words “is to”.

Example: 3 is to 1

c. Writing it like a fraction.

3
Example: 1

What are equivalent ratios?

• Equivalent ratios are ratios that have the same value

To find equivalent ratios, multiply or divide both quantities by the same

number. It is the same process as fractions
Examples:
2 2 𝑥 6
1. = = This is an example of scaling up by a scale factor
3
3 5𝑥3 15
of 3. The ratio 2:3 is the same as the ratio of 6:15

40 40 8
2. = = This is an example of scaling down by a scale
÷ 5

55 55 ÷5 11
factor of 5. The ratio 8:11 is the same as the ratio
40:55.
We can make a strin nuing to scale up or to
scale down.

Example A:
 2 2 𝑥 6
= = T g of equivalent ratios by conti a scale factor
3
3 3𝑥3 9
of ratio of 6:9.

Example B:

2 𝑥 2 his
4 is an example of2 scaling
𝑥 3 up by 6
2:8 = 8𝑥2 or ratio
=16 3. The , is 8the𝑥 3same=as 24
4:162:3 or 6:24

and so on.

2𝑥4 8
, = or 8:32,
8𝑥4 32
Example A:

40 40 ÷ 8
= = This is an example of scaling down
5
55 55 ÷5 11
of 5. The ratio 8:11 is the same as the ratio 40:55.
Example B: by a scale factor
72 ÷ 3 24 72 ÷ 9 8
72:81 = 81 ÷3
=27 or 24:27, 81 ÷ 9
= 9
or 8:9

FIRST LOOK Activity 1

Write ER if it is equivalent ratios and NE and if it is not equivalent ratios.
16 4
1. 28 and 7

14 2
2. 21 and3

9 4
3. and
12 3
 16 2
4. 32 and4

8 16
5. 16 and32
 A DIFFERENT WAY
Activity 2
Directions: Solve each problem to find out the answer to the questions below. Write
each letter that corresponds to your answer.
C - 9:6 is equivalent to
M - 36:24 = 6:_
H - Ratio of 2:6 is equivalent to
. N - 10:20 equivalent to .
T - A ratio of 5:2 is equivalent to
A - 63:72 = :8
I - 8:16 is equivalent to 40:_ .
E - 32:14 is equivalent to .

What do you call an expert in Mathematics?

_
6:4 7 20:8 4:12 16:7 6:4 7 20:8 80 3:2 80 7 2:4
Page 77 of 133
 7
3

Expressing Ratios in their Simplest Forms

How to Reduce Ratios to Lowest Terms?

To reduce a ratio to the lowest terms, divide both terms of the ratio by their
greatest common factor.
Example: 1. Look at the ratio
15 : 21
2. Factor the first term 3. Factor the second term
15 : 21 15 : 21
1 1
3 3
5 7
15 21
4. Find the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) 3
5. Divide both terms by the greatest common factor
15 ÷ 3 = 5

21 ÷ 3 = 7
6. Write down the simplified ratio
5:7
To simplify ratios:
Use the same technique that is used to simplify fractions.

FACTOR OUT AND CANCEL all factors common to both numbers.

Example 2
Ratio 15: 9
15 5 𝑥 3 5
15: 9 = 9
=3 𝑥 3 =
3
 Therefore, the simplest form of 15 : 9
Example 3: Ratio 8:36

Factors of 8 1, 2, 4, 8

Factors of 36 1, 2, 3, 4,

Greatest Common Factor 4

(GCF)
Divide both by GCF 8÷4=2
36 ÷ 4 = 9
Ratio in simplest form 2:9

A FIRST LOOK
Activity 1
A. Directions: Give the simplified ratio of the given quantities in each number.
1. 3:6
2. 15:5
3. 12:36
4. 16:56
5. 20:44 2

B. Directions: Simplify the ratios below by dividing both sides by their GCF
given inside the parentheses.

Activity 2
a. (÷3) b. (÷2) c. (÷6) d. (÷5) e. (÷4)

3:9 6:8 6:12 5:25 12:4

f. (÷7) g. (÷4) h. (÷3) i. (÷25) j. (÷7)

21:7 28:16 3:9 25:100 14:35

Practice Exercises No. 1

Page 125 of 133

Practice Exercises No. 2

Additional
Activities
Additional Activities

Practice Exercises No. 3

 What’s More!
A. 1. ER 6. ER
2. ER 7. ER
3. NE 8. NE
4. ER 9. ER
5. ER 10. ER

.B. 1. 3 :2 6. 7
2. 6:4 7. 80
3. 4 : 12 8. 16: 7
4. 2:4
5. 20 : 5 10. the word below
_M_ _A_ _T_ _H_ _E_ _M_ _A_ T_ I_ _C_ I_ _A_ _N_
4 7 20:8 4:12 16:7 4 7 20:8 80 3:2 80 7 2:4
Additional Activities

C. 1. yes 6. 2:1 and 20:10

2. 10:18 and 20:36 7. 30:15 and 6:30
3. 20:10 and 600:300 8. 12:4 and 24:8
4. 60:24 and 10:4 9. yes
5. yes 10. yes
 What’s More!
A. 1. 1:2 6. 6:7
2. 3:1 7. 2:3
3. 1:3 8. 3:4
4. 2:7 9. 3:7
5. 5:11 10. 1:2
B. 1. I 1:2
2. A 2:3
3. M 2:1
4. B 1:5
5. A 4:3
6. T 2:7
7. M 1:7
8. A 5:6
9. N 4:5
10. I AM BATMAN
Additional Activities
C. Practice Exercises

1:2 1:3 7:1 1:3 1:5 1:4

1:3 7:3 2:5 1:6 7:8 5:1

1:7 3:2 3:7 6:5 2:9 1:2

2:1 2:9 8:3 5:4 5:7 5:1

4:7 1:4 12:5 1:5 2:7 6:7