SHRIMP HATCHERY

Hatchery:
• A facility where eggs are hatched
• Maintain artificial conditions,
• Especially those of fish or poultry.

Fig: Shrimp Hatchery

 Shrimp Hatchery
Locations where
shrimp are kept
during their
lifecycle
development

Maintain artificial
condition

On the way to
becoming fully-
formed shrimp for
commercial sale.
Fig: General Layout Of Shrimp Hatchery
 SITE SELECTION

Location: Sea water supply

• Suitable sites are sandy and
rocky shore because there is
clean, clear and good quality
sea water all year round.
• swamps and muddy shores are
avoided.
• clean, clear and relatively free
from silt
• stable with minimal fluctuation
in salinity
Availability of Availability of Freshwater Climate
spawners power source supply conditions

Sufficient Sunlight
Easily Salinity
electricity
available adjustment, available
supply

Power Suitable in
Equipment temperate
Low cost generator
maintenance region
(costly)

Domestic
use.
 SIZE OF HATCHERY

Small-scale hatchery

Owned and Space ranging from

managed by the a few square meters
shrimp grower up to about 1000
himself square meters
 Medium-scale
hatchery

larger than the Annually 10–20

More labour
small-scale million post-
required
hatchery larvae produced.
 Large-scale Shrimp Hatchery
Mainly for national agencies
More labour
commercial or cooperative More cost
require
purposes projects
Hatchery facilities

A functional hatchery should have the following

essential components-

Water
Larval Live food
Maturation Spawning storage and
rearing culture
Tanks tanks filtration
tanks tanks
tank
Maturation tanks
• The shape of maturation tanks can
either be circular, rectangular or oval.
• The tank capacity may vary from 5 to
40 tons with depth ranging from 1.2 to
2 meters.
• If the shrimps are kept for less than 5
weeks, bottom substrate is not needed
in the tank.
Spawning tanks
• Spawning tanks should be circular with A Maturation Tank
a flat or conical-shaped bottom.
• Water holding capacity may vary from
50 liters to 1.5 tons.
Larval rearing Live food culture Water storage and
tanks tanks filtration tank

In mass cultivation of Water storage tank is

Two types of rearing
live food organisms, normally elevated to
tanks are being used to
size of tanks used effectively distribute
rear the newly hatched
usually ranges from 1 water by gravity to the
larvae
to 20 tons. hatchery.

Larger tanks with a Made of either normally constructed

capacity of more than 50 fiberglass, out of reinforced
tons , smaller larval polyethylene, marine concrete to withstand
rearing tanks of about 3 plywood or concrete. the water pressure.
tons capacity
Spawning tanks Artemia culture tank

Water Storage Tank

 • It is necessary for maintaining
sufficient dissolved oxygen
concentration in the water
• For ensuring even water
temperature throughout the water
column through turbulence
• It is provided with a roots blower,
Aeration rotary blower or an air compressor
• In culture tanks with depth less
than 2 meters, an air pressure of
about 0.2–0.3 kg/cubic centimeters
and a volume of 4–5
Aeration
liters/m2/minute is sufficient to
oxidize the dissolved organic
matter in the tanks.
Marine pumps
• Centrifugal pump is more desirable in the big hatchery
because it has a higher total head capacity.
• Small or backyard hatchery, a submersible pump with a
discharge pipe diameter between 1" to 4" and a
discharge capacity of 6–20 tons/litre.
 • Lay-out of the hatchery should provide a
schematic design of the location and integration
Lay-out and of various facilities such as buildings, broodstock
tanks, larval rearing tanks, nursery tanks,
construction spawning tanks, pump house, air supply and
power house, laboratory, staff house, piping for
water supply and drainage canal.

Layout of medium scale hatchery Layout of small scale hatchery

PREPARATION OF BROODSTOCK FOR
SPAWNING

Conditioning of brood stock

• The holding tanks should be big enough to provide
proper space and aeration. 60% of the water in the tanks
is changed daily.
• The salinity is decreased by about 4–5 ppt for two days
and then increased to the normal salinity of the seawater.
Mating occurs during this time

Induced maturation
• Complete appendages
• Presence of spermatophore in the thelycum of Mature Male and Female
females
• Size should at least be 100 gm.
Maintenance of broodstock in maturation tanks

Sampling
• Gonadal development of an ablated female is checked 3–5
days after ablation while checking for gravid females is
carried out every other day.
• During sampling, an underwater flashlight, tied to a pole is
held close to the shrimp so that the light strikes
perpendicularly on the dorsal part of the body where the
ovaries are located.
• Only gravid females with stages III or IV ovaries are collected
and transferred to spawning tanks
Preparation of facilities for spawning, hatching and
larval rearing

Tank facilities-
• 1.Newly constructed hatchery
• 2.Operational hatchery
Water quality and supply
• The most important factors in hatchery operation.
• Must be regularly monitored for important physico-chemical
parameters.
• Initial water passing through the filter must be drained to prevent
bacterial load.
• Disinfecting and cleaning with chemicals will make the filter neat.
 Selection of Spawners & Egg Collection
• Spawning time from December to March and June to September.

The criteria used for selecting

spawners from the wild are-

1. Stage IV ovary

2. Presence of
spermatophore
underneath the
thalycum

3. Coloration

4. Presence of appendages
and good health.
Procurement and transportation of spawners

1. Live fish holding compartment in the

boat with running water system

2. Holding tank with aerated seawater at

controlled temperature (22–24°C) using ice.

3. Plastic bags injected with oxygen and

packed in styrofoam boxes.

4. Bamboo or PVC tubes

Fig: Transportation in polyethene bag.

 Treatment of spawners

• Spawners are usually treated with either (a) Treflan (trade name), 0.5–1
ppm (b) KMnO4, 3ppm or (c) Formalin, 25 ppm for 10–15 minutes.

Spawning activity
• Spawning usually occurs while swimming with the spermatophore in the
thylecum and eggs are released from the genital pore.
• sperms are likewise discharged into the water through an apperture at
the base of the fourth pereiopod

Egg collection and treatment

• After spawning, the animal is removed from the tank the following
morning.
• During the cold season, fungus and bacteria are likely to infect the eggs
during incubation.
• Dipping the eggs in1 ppm of methylamene blue or 0.5 ppm of malachite
Hatching and Transportation of nauplii

Eggs of most species of shrimps within 12–18 hours after

fertilization at temperature and salinity range of 26–30°C and
30–23 ppt.
Determination of hatching rate

Transportation of nauplii

 Plastic containers - Only strong and healthy larvae should be

transported. Survival rate is above 50%.
 Plastic bags - Each bag containing about 6–8 liters of water can be
stocked with 200,000 nauplii. Survival rate is 80-90%.
 Larval rearing

1. Larval rearing in small indoor tanks

 This is a critical stage of larval  The larvae at this stage

rearing. will start feeding on
 The larvae at this stage start rotifers (Brachionus
feeding on microscopic algae plicatilis) or brine shrimp
like skeletonema, tetraselmis naupli.
etc.  Each mysis larvae
 Microencapsulated algae can consumes about 100–
be used. 200 rotifers or about 20–
 The use of these types of feed 50 Artemia nauplii per
can reduce production cost day
Fig: Small nursery tank
 2. Larval rearing in large nursing
tanks

 The initial water level in the 40-ton

nursery tanks during stocking is 100 cm.
 The nauplii density is usually about 20–50
per liter.
 Technical grade fertilizers can be used
directly to enhance algae growth.
 It is pertinent to monitor the types and
density of algae in big tanks to ensure
that the optimal density is maintained.

Fig: Schematic diagram of prawn

production from hatchery to grow-out
Fig: large nursery tanks
ROUTINE HATCHERY MANAGEMENT
Maintenance of water quality
-Salinity
-Temperature
-Dissolved oxygen
-pH and nitrogenous compound

Feeds and feeding schemes

Monitoring
 MAINTENANCE OF WATER QUALITY
• Salinity in spawning grounds normally ranges from 30 to 36 ppt.
• seawater salinity in spawning tanks should be maintained at 30–32 ppt to ensure good hatching rates.
Salinity

• In penaeid shrimps, eggs do not hatch at temperatures lower than 24°C.

• The optimum temperature is 26–31°C.
• molt to mysis stage within 4 days at temperatures ranging from 28°C to 31°C,
Temperature
• however, molting takes 6 days when temperature drops to 24–26°C.

• Dissolved oxygen is a critical factor in larval rearing.

Dissolved • High mortalities can occur if aeration stops even for only one hour.
oxygen

pH and • Normal pH of seawater ranges from 7.5 to 8.5.

nitrogenou • NH3 and NH4 ratio in water is pH dependent.
s
compound
 • The approximate density sufficient for
larvae in the rearing tank is 50,000/ml for
Feeds and feeding Chaetoceros sp.
• Brachionus must be maintained at 20
schemes individuals/ml and Artemia at 50 grams for
every 100,000 post-larvae.

• Environmental parameters such as water

temperature, salinity and pH should be
checked twice daily.
Monitoring • Count larvae in three 1-liter samples for
small tanks and 10 times for big tanks.
 NURSERY OF POST LARVAE
• Concrete tanks
-Ideal stocking density of the larvae is about 50/cubic meter of water.

• Earthen pond
-Nursery pond size ranges from 500 to 20002 and water depth at 40–70 cm.

-P9-P10 are suitable sizes for stocking in the nursery ponds.

-Stocking density is 100–150 individuals per square meter.
• Nursery cages
-Postlarvae (p6–7) is suitable for stocking in cages at a stocking density of
1000–2000 per cubic meters of water.
Figure: Nursery Cages (stationary
cages & floating cages)

Figure: Nursery
HARVEST AND TRANSPORT OF LARVAE
• P21-P25 is suitable for harvesting from nursery tanks because this size can be stocked
directly to the pond and easily be transferred.
• The postlarvae can also be harvested with a scoop net, dip net or seine net after 2/3
of the tank water has been drained.
Methods of transporting post-larvae
Tanks
-Post-larvae can be transported in plastic, fiberglass or canvass tanks of a suitable
transport size (500–1000 liters) and provided with aeration.

Plastic bag
-post-larvae are transported in polyethyelene bags provided with oxygen.
-The bag (60 cm × 40 cm) is first filled with 6–8 liters of fresh seawater and then
packed with 3000–5000 post-larvae.
GUIDELINES — SHRIMP HATCHERIES
 Community property rights and regulatory compliance
 Community-community relations
 Community-worker safety and employee relations
 Environment-ecosystem protection
 Environment-effluent management
 Food safety, drug and chemical management
 Environment storage and disposal of hatchery supplies

Comments:Shrimp hatcheries may require some facilities, such as pipe -lines, to be

located on public land. Where this is the case, hatcheries shall ensure that local
communities are consulted, approval is granted by pertinent authorities and adequate
precautions are taken to prevent the facilities from being a hazard, nuisance or eyesore.
 THANKS TO
ALL