Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SFCPoA Ludhiana
SFCPoA Ludhiana
2015
of Action, Ludhiana
Municipal Corporation Ludhiana
Contents
1.
Process
of
Preparing
the
SFCPOA-‐Ludhiana
......................................................................................
12
1.1.
Stakeholder
workshops
and
meetings
to
prepare
the
ground
for
beginning
the
processes
and
surveys
required
under
SFCPoA
..............................
12
a.
Participatory
Planning
with
the
Community
...............................................................
12
1.2.
Spatial
Mapping
of
Slums
.......................................................................................................
15
a.
Slum
Identification:
.................................................................................................................
15
b.
Slum
Boundaries
and
GIS
Mapping:
................................................................................
15
1.3.
Slum
and
Household
Surveys
..............................................................................................
17
a.
Mobile
Application
for
Socio-‐Economic
Data
Collection
........................................
17
b.
Household
Surveys
.................................................................................................................
17
c.
Data
Quality
Check
..................................................................................................................
18
1.4.
Vacant
Land
Survey
..................................................................................................................
18
1.5.
Housing
Study:
Analysis
of
Housing
Component
in
Slums
.....................................
18
2.
Preparation
of
a
City
Profile
.................................................................................................................
21
2.1.
Regional
Context
........................................................................................................................
21
2.2.
City
Profile
....................................................................................................................................
21
a.
Demography
...............................................................................................................................
22
b.
Administrative
..........................................................................................................................
22
c.
Climate
..........................................................................................................................................
22
d.
Religious
and
Historical
Importance
...............................................................................
22
e.
Education
.....................................................................................................................................
22
f.
Commerce
....................................................................................................................................
22
g.
Housing
in
the
City
..................................................................................................................
23
h.
Slum
Households:
Population
and
Demography
.......................................................
23
i.
Physical
Infrastructure
Profile
............................................................................................
23
2.3.
Review
of
Existing
Policies,
Programmes
and
Projects
related
to
Slums
and
Housing
......................................................................................................................................................
24
a.
Ludhiana
Master
Plan
2021
................................................................................................
24
b.
City
Development
Plan,
Ludhiana
2021
........................................................................
24
c.
Programs
on
Slum
Development
.......................................................................................
25
d.
Challenges
and
Constraints
in
Preparing
Slum
Free
City
Plan
...................................
26
2.4.
Assessment
of
Present
Status
of
Slums:
Primary
Survey
........................................
26
a.
Typology
of
Slums
...................................................................................................................
27
b.
Slum:
Demographic
Profile
.................................................................................................
29
c.
Socio-‐Economic
Profile
..........................................................................................................
31
d.
Access
to
Basic
Services
–
....................................................................................................
35
2.5.
Community
FGDs
...................................................................................................................
42
1
2
3
4
Exhibit
50:
Estimated
share
of
slums
as
compared
to
non-‐slum
households
by
2021
_____
61
Exhibit
51:
Framework
for
determining
housing
Strategy
__________________________________
62
Exhibit
52:
Vacant
Lands
in
Ludhiana
_______________________________________________________
63
Exhibit
53:
Kuccha
house
in
a
Squatter
settlement
in
Ludhiana
____________________________
66
Exhibit
54:
Average
Jhuggi
Size
_______________________________________________________________
67
Exhibit
55:
A
typical
plan
of
Semi-‐Pucca
houses
in
Slums
of
Ludhiana
_____________________
68
Exhibit
56:
Proposed
design
for
a
35
sq.m
and
25sq.m
shelter
with
toilet
facility
_________
70
Exhibit
57:
Model
for
Housing
Upgrade
in
Semi-‐Pucca
houses
in
Slums
in
Ludhiana
_____
71
Exhibit
58:
Decentralized
infrastructure
for
Slums
__________________________________________
72
Exhibit
59:
Layout
of
Housing
________________________________________________________________
73
Exhibit
60:
Housing
Block
_____________________________________________________________________
74
Exhibit
61:
Detail
of
Balcony
__________________________________________________________________
74
Exhibit
62:
Connection
of
wastewater
to
decentralized
wastewater
treatment
system
___
74
Exhibit
63:
Components
of
Decentralized
Wastewater
Treatment
System
(DEWATS)
for
Group
Housings
________________________________________________________________________________
75
Exhibit
64:
In-‐house
Composting
Facility
for
Efficient
Solid
Waste
Management
_________
75
Exhibit
66:
Income
Expenditure
Pattern
of
MCL,
Year
2012-‐14
____________________________
87
Exhibit
67:
Decentralized
and
Local
Solutions
for
Water
___________________________________
96
Exhibit
68:
Household
Toilets
in
Slums
_______________________________________________________
97
5
Preface
Rajiv
Awas
Yojana
(RAY),
a
mission
of
the
Government
of
India
launched
in
2011,
aims
to
create
slum
free
cities
by
supporting
access
of
slum
dwellers
to
shelter
with
property
rights
and
basic
civic
and
social
services
through
the
upgrading/redevelopment
of
their
settlements
and
creation
of
affordable
housing
stock
for
the
poor.
The
scheme
is
available
to
States
willing
to
assign
property
rights
to
slum
dwellers,
proposes
to
address
the
problem
of
slums
in
a
holistic
and
definitive
way
adopting
a
multi-‐pronged
approach
focusing
on
bringing
existing
slums
within
the
formal
system
and
enabling
them
to
avail
of
the
same
level
of
basic
amenities
as
the
rest
of
the
town.
It
provides
for
a
legal
solution
in
a
bid
to
retain
an
asset
in
form
of
a
property
that
becomes
the
sources
of
livelihood
and
employment
of
the
urban
poor,
that
would
result
in
tackling
the
basic
reason
for
failure
of
many
a
previous
formal
system
that
went
ahead
for
providing
shelter
to
the
urban
poor
and
checking
growth
of
slums.
The
overarching
aim
of
RAY
is
thus
to
drive
a
fundamental
change
in
policy
and
reform
in
the
existing
urban
development
systems
to
make
cities
inclusive
and
equitable.
As
the
first
step
towards
being
slum
free,
cities
must
have
a
vision
or
a
Slum
Free
Plan
of
Action
(SFCPoA)
that
is
based
on
ground
evidence
–
spatial
locations
and
demographic
profile
of
slums
and
slum
households
and
an
understanding
of
the
city’s
context,
institutions,
legislations,
economy
and
resources,
etc.
The
SFCPOA
is
expected
to
do
two
things;
one,
provide
proposals
for
up-‐grading/redeveloping
all
existing
slums
with
a
phased
plan
for
interventions,
financial
requirements
and
human
capacity;
and
two,
prevent
formation
of
new
slums.
The
SFCPoA
is
to
be
developed
through
community’s
participation
and
to
include
a
Public-‐Self-‐Owned-‐Partnership
model
to
ensure
its
success.
Eventually,
cities
need
to
be
supported
by
a
State
legislation
that
enables
assignment
of
property
rights
to
slum
dwellers.
The
2-‐stage
process
for
becoming
slum
free
is
described
below.
Affordable
Housing
in
Partnership
(AHP),
the
new
scheme
envisages
rehabilitation
of
slum
dwellers
with
participation
of
private
developers,
promotion
of
affordable
housing
for
weaker
section
through
credit-‐linked
subsidy,
affordable
housing
in
partnership
with
public
and
private
sectors,
and
subsidy
for
beneficiary-‐led
individual
house
construction
or
6
enhancement.
Under
the
grant,
a
central
grant
of
Rs
1
lakh
per
house
on
average
will
be
available
under
the
slum
rehabilitation
programme.
Besides,
the
credit-‐linked
interest
subsidy
component
will
have
interest
subsidy
of
6.5%
on
housing
loans
up
to
a
tenure
of
15
years,
for
economically
weaker
sections
(EWS)
and
low
income
groups,
giving
them
a
benefit
of
about
Rs
2.3
lakh
each.
Municipal
Corporation
of
Ludhiana
(MCL)
seeks
to
develop
a
clear
and
comprehensive
strategy/
Action
Plan
to
make
the
city
slum
free
–
level
up
all
the
slum
dwellers,
create
inclusion
and
integration,
ensure
housing
and
services’
comprehensiveness,
and
make
the
city
safe
including
for
the
large
numbers
of
migrant
workers
that
flock
to
the
city
and
live
in
Self-‐Ownedly
shared
housing
called
Vehdas
as
part
of
its
plan
for
future
migrants.
Towards
this
end,
MCL
has
entrusted
Centre
for
Urban
and
Regional
Excellence
(CURE),
an
NGO
working
in
the
field
of
urban
slum
rehabilitation/resettlement,
to
participate
in
the
development
of
the
SFCPOA
and
to
carry
out
activities
envisaged
in
the
guidelines,
including:
Survey
activities
Mapping
activities
Development
of
Framework
through
Community
Participation
Formulating
Implementation
Plan
ensuring
people’s
representation
The
approach
used
in
the
development
of
the
SFCPOA
has
been
participatory
involving
slum
communities
in
every
settlement
for
prioritizing
needs
and
solutions.
Members
of
various
groups
-‐
citizens,
vulnerable,
local
NGOs,
elected
representatives;
Self-‐Owned
sector
agencies
and
officials
were
involved
in
the
processes
of
preparing
the
Plan.
The
Ludhiana
Slum
Free
City
Plan
envisions
Ludhiana
as
an
Inclusive,
Green
and
Growing
City;
a
city
that
welcomes
poor
workers
and
creates
decent,
clean
and
pollution-‐free
living
environments
for
the
poor
by
mainstreaming
their
low-‐income
settlements
with
city’s
infrastructure
with
improved,
in-‐house,
basic
municipal
services
and
housing;
access
to
roads,
transport,
schools,
health
care,
food
and
social
security;
and
enhanced
skills
for
promoting
growth.
Its
approach
to
achieving
slum
free
Ludhiana
shall
be
rights-‐based,
equitable,
comprehensive,
inclusive,
socially,
economically
and
environmentally
sustainable
and
futuristic.
7
8
In
terms
of
options;
for
the
squatter
settlements
the
choices
available
are
–
redevelopment,
in
multi-‐level
housing
in
in-‐situ
or
near
site
resettlement,
housing
and
services
and
last
mile
links
to
infrastructure
or
decentralized
systems.
For
Vehdas
inside
the
settlements,
the
alternatives
are
in-‐situ
upgrading
with
linkages
to
services,
service
networks
and
byelaws.
For
unrecognized
colonies
the
choices
would
be
in-‐situ
upgrading,
semi
pucca
houses
ramped
up
to
pucca
structures
and
all
houses
with
access
to
services
including
toilets
with
discharge
systems.
The
main
alternative
for
the
upgraded
areas
is
for
them
to
be
de-‐
notified.
The
slums
outside
the
Municipal
Corporation
Land
limits
should
be
included
in
the
MCL
boundaries
for
investment
purposes.
Lastly,
the
Vehdas
have
the
options
of
in-‐situ
upgrading
by
linkages
to
services,
service
networks
and
byelaws.
Status
of
Infrastructure
Of
the
182
settlements,
73
settlements
have
100%
water
supply
and
65
have
100%
sewer
connections.
13
settlements
are
fully
upgraded
with
all
services
and
the
Vehdas
are
underserved.
Most
of
the
squatter
areas
lack
services
and
from
an
engineering
point
of
view,
it
may
be
difficult
to
connect
28
slums.
Cost
of
Upgrading
Components
Total
Cost
inclusive
of
The
cost
of
upgrading
infrastructure
connection
charges
inclusive
of
connection
charges
(in
Lacs)
amounts
to
the
following
(in
Lacs)
–
for
Roads
5417.00
roads
it
would
be
Rs.5417;
for
water
–
Water
1450.00
Rs.1450;
for
sewer
–
Rs.
2322.22;
for
Sewer
2322.22
drains
–
Rs.
5322.32;
for
street
lights
–
Drain1
5322.32
Rs.
1093.81.
The
total
amount
would
be
2
Street
Lights
1093.81
Rs.
26560
with
escalation
(10%)
per
Social
Infrastructure
3100.00
annum.
Total
cost
including
26560.00
cost
escalation
9
Housing
Demand
The
total
numbers
of
Dwelling
Units
that
are
to
be
upgraded
are
11504.
These
are
both
squatter
settlements
and
kuccha
structures
in
unauthorized
areas.
On
calculating
the
future
demand,
we
find
38000
additional
units
per
decade
based
on
population
growth
rate
of
the
city,
which
is
at
17%.
Of
this,
about
41%
is
estimated
from
migration
growth.
Assuming
that
the
Self-‐Owned
sector
would
continue
providing
accommodation
to
the
population
in
rental
housing,
it
is
estimated
that
it
will
cover
70%
of
the
total
estimated
housing
demand.
Rest
30%
(11500)
additional
individual
housing
units
are
required
to
be
built
by
public
sector
agencies
over
the
next
decade.
The
proposed
housing
construction
cost
borne
by
MCL
would
be
3
lac
per
house
x
~23000
units
=
Rs.690
cr.
The
land
required
would
be
155
hectares.
MCL’s
Share
per
annum
as
per
RAY
guidelines
The
MCL
would
be
required
to
invest
10%
of
the
total
cost
of
Housing
which
would
amount
to
Rs.106
cr.
In
terms
of
Infrastructure
they
would
be
required
to
invest
20%
of
the
total
cost
amounting
to
Rs.8.5
cr.
The
total
MCL
share
would
be
Rs.
114.5
cr.
Vacant
Land
The
land
required
to
cater
to
the
current
deficit
and
for
future
growth
is
155
Ha.
As
per
the
survey
Ludhiana
has
a
total
of
1478
Ha
of
land
cover
under
Open/Green/Vacant
Category.
Issues
to
be
addressed
In
conclusion
there
are
certain
issues
that
need
to
be
addressed.
To
begin
with,
upgraded
settlements
are
required
to
be
de-‐notified.
The
Vehdas
house
poor
migrants
and
while
this
is
rental
housing
built
by
the
Self-‐Owned
sector,
there
is
a
major
lack
of
environmental
hygiene
in
this
area
due
to
a
lack
of
networked
services.
This
issue
needs
to
be
addressed.
The
Vehdas
need
byelaws
and
regulation
as
they
are
a
result
of
non
conforming
areas
as
per
the
Master
Plan.
Lastly,
the
squatter
settlements
are
an
encroachment
on
State
and
Self-‐
Owned
land
but
they
are
tenable
and
may
be
considered
for
redevelopment.
10
SECTION
1:
INTRODUCTION
11
12
Exhibit
1:
Focused
Group
Discussions
being
held
in
slums
Exhibit
2:
Slum
Resource
Maps
prepared
with
Slum
Communities
13
14
a. Slum
Identification:
CURE
has
identified
all
the
slums
in
Ludhiana
using
the
following
process:
Ø Reviewing
the
existing
slum
list
in
the
city
provided
by
MCL
Ø Reviewing
the
existing
GIS
map
of
Ludhiana
with
MCL
Ø Field
verification
of
all
the
existing
slums
Ø Discussions
with
ward
councilors
and
junior
engineers
to
update
slums
list
of
their
wards
Ø On
ground
verification
of
the
added
slums
Ø Identification
of
new
slums
on
Satellite
image
and
validating
these
from
respective
ward
councilors
and
area
engineers
Exhibit
3:
Ludhiana
slums
and
wards
overlaid
on
the
Satellite
image
Based
on
the
observations
and
field
verification,
the
final
list
of
slums
has
been
prepared
for
survey
work.
The
slums
were
further
resorted
by
zones
and
wards
to
understand
their
spatial
spread.
15
The
TCPO
base
map
prepared
in
GIS
environment
shows
ward
boundaries
and
other
important
landmarks.
The
base
map
was
further
verified
and
updated
through
handheld
Arc
pads
with
inbuilt
GPS
devices.
Exhibit
4:
Arc
Pad
used
to
make
Slum
Boundary
Maps
Since
the
map
lacked
information
on
Slums,
Mobile
ArcGIS
with
GPS
was
used
to
take
the
exact
locations
of
each
slum
simultaneously.
A
point
layer
was
prepared
marking
all
the
points
like
road-‐cross
sections,
end
streets,
corner
plots
and
land
features
in
the
slums.
These
point
features
were
later
brought
onto
ArcGIS
to
overlay
it
on
the
city
satellite
imagery.
These
points
were
connected
together
to
form
slum
boundaries.
This
has
helped
to
get
an
accurate
spatial
mapping
of
slums
and
processing
other
physical
features
/ground
data
spatially.
A
Chart
explaining
methodology
for
mapping
the
identified
slums
is
provided
below.
Geo-‐referenced
Base
Map
obtained
from
Town
and
Country
Municipal
Ward,
Zone
Planning
Department
Boundary
from
M CL
BASE
MAP
Land
use
Map
Road
Network
Map
Physical
Features
Field
GPS/
Survey/
Mobile
Validation
Slum
Boundaries
ARCGIS
Slum
Map
Ludhiana
Integration
of
slum
Data
(MIS)
with
GIS
Exhibit
5:
Methodology
adopted
for
Slum
Mapping
16
Exhibit
6:
Mobile
Survey
Application
b. Household
Surveys
CURE
surveyors
and
local
youth
from
the
slum
communities
have
been
involved
in
the
survey
work.
They
were
trained
in
the
use
of
the
application.
Receipt
slips
are
issued
to
each
household
and
signed
by
the
resident/respondent.
Counterfoils
are
kept
with
CURE.
This
helps
to
identify
the
exact
household
number
in
case
of
inadvertent
data
entries.
House
numbers
have
been
marked
on
the
houses
corresponding
with
the
receipt
numbers,
to
ensure
there
are
no
duplicate
entries.
Exhibit
7:
Household
survey
identification
slip
17
Exhibit
8:
Website
for
managing
the
household
data
collection
Data
Analysis:
The
survey
data
was
downloaded
in
excel
format
and
analyzed
to
identify
key
issues
for
slum
development
and
is
presented
in
the
next
section.
Data
Up-‐linking
with
MIS-‐GIS:
The
baseline
data
is
ready
to
be
uplinked
with
RAY-‐MIS
and
GIS-‐based
slum
map
of
Ludhiana.
18
The following chart gives a schematic flow of the methodology adopted for preparing SFCPoA Ludhiana
19
SECTION
2:
SLUM
PROFILE
20
Exhibit
10:
Urbanization
level
in
Punjab
Districts
21
a. Demography
Ludhiana
has
emerged
as
Punjab’s
largest
city
in
terms
of
area,
population
-‐
experiencing
an
unprecedented
bulge,
and
economic
growth.
The
city
is
spread
over
159.37
sq.
km
and
has
a
total
population
of
1,613,878
(Census
2011).
Its
growth
rate
has
been
very
fast
but
is
beginning
to
slow
down,
2001-‐11
saw
a
16%
increase,
the
lowest
since
1961.
The
city
is
growing
largely
due
to
migration
–
people
coming
to
work
in
its
various
industries.
Two-‐third
workforce
is
of
migratory
workers,
and
1/3rd
of
the
total
migratory
workers
are
inter-‐state
migrates.
Ludhiana’s
gross
density
is
975
people
per
sq.
km.
b. Administrative
Ludhiana
is
divided
into
75
wards
for
administrative
purposes.
The
wards
are
aggregated
into
4
Zones,
each
representing
a
quarter
of
the
city.
Zone
A
and
Zone
B
has
20
wards
each
and
Zone
C
and
D
have
17
and
16
wards
respectively.
c. Climate
Ludhiana
has
a
humid
subtropical
climate.
It
is
very
hot
and
dry
in
summer,
from
April
to
June
-‐
average
high
in
May
and
June
is
40
°C.
In
winter
temperatures
drop
to
3
°C.
Ludhiana
average
annual
precipitation
is
730
mm
(29
in).
Its
air
is
highly
polluted
with
particulate
matter
over
six
times
the
World
Health
Organization
recommended
standard.
e. Education
Ludhiana
has
some
prestigious
education
institutions.
It
has
two
Medical
Colleges,
an
Engineering
College
and
the
Punjab
Agricultural
University
that
has
played
a
key
role
in
Punjab’s
'Green
Revolution'.
f. Commerce
Ludhiana
is
a
prime
industrial
centre
in
north
India
also
known
as
the
“Manchester
of
India”,
the
“hub
of
the
Indian
Hosiery
Industry”
and
the
“Industrial
Capital
of
Small
Scale
Industry”.
The
city
produces
hosiery,
woolen
garments,
leather
items,
machine
tools,
dyes,
cycle
parts,
mopeds,
sewing
machines,
motor
parts,
food
and
milk
products
and
agriculture
implements
through
registered
and
unregistered
agencies.
The
city
has
plentiful
opportunities
for
industrial
work
and
the
State
plans
to
ensure
that
the
city
economy
remains
on
the
industrial
growth
path
for
a
long
period.
Cycle
and
bicycle
Readymade
Garments
and
Woolen
Agricultural
implement
parts
Hosiery
goods
products
and
services
Mechanical
Chemicals
Rubber
and
Plastic
Leather
Paper
Products
and
Products
and
Chemical
Products
goods
Printing
Products
Food
and
Repair
Wooden
Non-‐metallic
Transport
Electrical
Beverages
and
Products
Mineral
Equipment
and
Machinery
and
Services
Products
Parts
Apparatus
Exhibit
12:
Types
of
Industries
based
in
Ludhiana
22
There
are
over
3
lac
micro
and
small-‐scale
units
currently
working
under
different
sectors.
In
2009,
The
World
Bank
ranked
Ludhiana
as
the
city
in
India
with
the
best
business
environment.
%
Ditribution
of
%
Ditribution
of
Turnover
Employment
by
Industry
by
industry
type
type
13160
lakhs
Exhibit
13:
Employment
and
Turnover
by
Industry
Type
in
Ludhiana
• Sewage
management:
Sewers
cover
almost
80%
of
the
municipal
area.
There
are
three
STPs
under
construction
with
a
combined
treatment
capacity
of
311
MLD.
This
is
less
than
the
city’s
current
demand
of
about
350MLD.
• Storm
Water
Drain:
At
present
the
city
lacks
a
storm
water
drainage
network.
The
city
has
plans
to
extend
the
current
coverage
of
10%
to
the
entire
city.
.
23
24
A
total
amount
of
Rs.
220Crores
(5.6%
of
total
investment
proposed
in
the
city)
has
been
proposed
exclusively
for
urban
poor
housing
and
services,
under
CDP.
MCL
(in
collaboration
with
the
Ludhiana
Improvement
Trust)
has
started
the
process
of
building
about
3600
of
the
7000
pucca
houses
of
30
sq.
meters
area
each
and
to
relocate
slum
dwellers
at
an
investment
of
Rs.
180Crores
at
Rs.
1.97
Lakh
per
unit,
inclusive
of
land
cost.
Upgrading
basic
infrastructure
facilities
(housing,
water
supply,
sewerage,
toilets,
roads
and
streetlights)
in
slums
is
deemed
priority
under
slum
upgrading
projects
for
which
Rs.
27.62
Crores
investment
is
proposed.
Since
the
Ludhiana
CDP
has
been
drafted
after
the
initiation
of
the
RAY
project,
its
strategy
has
included
the
provisions
of
RAY,
although
the
solutions
are
typical
of
BSUP
–
which
is
resettlement
housing.
Exhibit
14:
Showing
slums
covered
under
BSUP
and
proposed
sites
for
relocation
25
26
small
clusters
(less
than
500
households,
(see
Table
2.2)),
and
majority
of
these
settlements
constitute
people
from
Bihar
and
Uttar
Pradesh.
Table2.1:
Distribution
of
Slums
by
Year
of
Establishment
Sr.
No.
Year
of
establishment
Slums
Nos.
%age
1
Before
1970
14
6.6
2
1971-‐1980
30
14.5
3
1981-‐1990
74
35.4
4
1991-‐2000
75
35.8
5
2000+
5
2.4
6
Not
Aware
4
5.3
TOTAL
202
100
Source:
MCL,
Ludhiana
Table
2.2:
Distribution
of
Slums
by
their
Population
Size
27
Ø Un-‐authorised,
Un-‐regularised,
Un-‐served
(UAs)
areas
Ø Vehdas
or
rental,
shared
accommodation.
By
ownership
of
land
occupied
by
these
slums,
they
can
be
categorized
into:
Ø Slums
on
state
and
city
government
land
Ø Slums
on
self
owned
land
with
clear
titles
Ø Slums
on
lands
with
unclear
land
titles
Ø Vehdas
on
land
owned
by
the
Vehda
owner
28
The
matrix
below
combines
the
two
aspects
of
housing
quality
and
land
ownership
to
re-‐
categorize
the
slum
settlements
as
five
types:
§ Squatter
settlements
§ Vehdas
inside
Settlements
§ Unrecognized
colonies
§ Upgraded
area
outside
MCL
Limits
§ Vehdas
Squatter
Settlements
Unrecognized
Upgraded
Outside
Vehdas
settlements
having
colonies
areas
MCL
Vehdas
Limits
inside
Numbers
54
9
116
36
3
850
Land
Government
Self-‐Owned
Self-‐
owned
Self-‐owned
Self-‐
Status
and
Self-‐ lands
land
and
land
and
Owned
Owned
housing
housing
lands
lands
ownership
ownership
151
with
land
ownership-‐legal
titles
Housing
Kuccha
Semi
pucca
and
pucca
Pucca
pucca
Type
(39%)
(43%)
(17.64%)
Service
Shared,
Networks
largely
available,
connections
Shared,
Shared
Levels
community
missing
community
provided
by
landlord
Source:
CURE,
2014
29
Ø Age
distribution:
Adults
(18-‐60
years)
comprise
nearly
61%
of
all
slum
dwellers;
of
these
nearly
41.6%
are
young
adults
between
16-‐35
years
of
age.
Working
age
adults
between
16
and
35
years
constitute
41.6%of
the
total
slum
population.
A
very
minimal
percentage
of
the
population
comprises
the
elderly.
About
8%
of
total
slum
population
is
children
below
the
age
of
5.
Age
sex
pyramid
below
shows
the
distribution
of
males
and
females
along
different
age
group.
Exhibit 16: Age sex Pyramid of Slum population in Ludhiana
Sikh 35%
65%
Muslim
90.74%
Christian
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
30
About
one-‐third
slum
households
(35%)
belong
to
the
lower
castes
–
split
equally
among
Scheduled
Castes,
Scheduled
Tribes
and
Other
Backward
Castes.
Remaining
are
from
general
caste
groups
(65%).
Exhibit
18:
Comparative
analysis
of
Religious
classification
within
Slums
0.84%
0.31%
100%
4%
6%
1.54%
90%
9.13%
17.50%
60% Muslim
50%
40% Sikh
30%
20% Hindu
10%
94.23%
82.64%
82.50%
0%
Squatter
Unauthorised
Vehda
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
c. Socio-‐Economic
Profile
Ø Education:
Every
two
of
five
slum
dwellers
(43%),
are
illiterate
(never
attended
school),
about
8%
have
not
completed
primary
schooling
and
12.5%
have
studied
up
to
secondary/senior
secondary
levels
and
just
1.6%
comprise
graduates
or
less.
Exhibit
19:
Education
Profile
in
Slums
2%
None
Education
ProTile
in
Slums
4%
Nursery/KG
8%
Class
1-‐4
18%
51%
Completed
Primary
education
10%
Completed
Class
X
8%
Completed
Class
XII
31
Nearly
68%
households
reported
school
going
children;
25%
boys
and
43%
girls.
Of
these
households,
a
majority
(88%)
reported
sending
children
to
Self-‐Owned
schools.
Just
5.7%
children
attend
Government/
Municipal
schools,
as
these
are
not
available
in
the
vicinity
of
slums.
Less
than
40
slums
have
access
to
schools
in
their
neighborhood.
Reasons
for
not
choosing
to
go
to
government
schools
even
where
available
say
parents;
is
lack
of
toilet
facilities
(68%),
poor
teaching
quality
(1.6%)
and
absence
of
teachers
(0.6%).
Exhibit
20:
Access
to
Education
Institutions
and
Reported
deficiencies
in
Schools
Private
1.68%
0.65%
90%
MCL
Lack
of
toilet
Poor
teaching
Teachers
are
Other
(non-‐ facilities
standards
absent
govt.)
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
Ø Occupation
and
Income
Profile
Of
the
working
population
in
slums,
most
work
in
the
city’s
industries
(78%)
and
just
1%
in
government
offices.
The
rest
18%
are
self-‐employed.
Among
the
workers,
53%
are
men
and
47%
women.
Among
those
who
are
employed,
the
work
is
regular
(24.1%)
or
casual
labour
(28.7%)
or
wage
earners
(45%).
The
self-‐employed
worked
mainly
as
hawkers,
tea
vendors,
etc.
About
one-‐fourth
(23.85%)
children
(boys
–
52.2%%
and
girls
47.7%)
were
at
work.
Exhibit
21:Working
Profile
in
Slums
of
Ludhiana
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
32
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
33
Exhibit
23:
Purpose
of
Loans
as
reported
by
the
Respondents
Business
investment
6%
Disaster
30%
Education
1%
House
construction
Other
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
Exhibit
24:
Repayment
profile
in
Slums
and
Number
of
Households
having
Bank
Accounts
Upto
Rs.
Rs.
10000
Rs.
25000
Rs.
50000
Above
Rs.
YES
NO
10000
to
25000
to
50000
to
100000
100000
Vehdas
Vehdas
Unauthorised
Settlements
Squatters
Unauthorised
Settlements
Squatters
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
It
is
surprising
that
nearly
47%
of
the
sample
population
has
bank
accounts,
which
is
a
fairy
high
ratio
for
Slums
Proof
of
Identity:
Because
these
are
migrant
people,
not
all
of
them
have
the
conventional
ID
proofs
of
Punjab
that
demonstrate
their
address
and
years
of
stay
in
the
city/settlement
such
as
ration
cards
(30%)
and
voter
cards
(10%).
However,
because
of
the
high
publicity
over
Adhar
cards
and
ease
of
getting
these
made,
40%
of
the
people
have
got
these
made,
demonstrating
proof
of
identity
and
residence.
About
19%
have
a
mix
of
telephone
and
electricity
bills,
passports,
employee
cards,
driving
licences
etc.
34
60.00%
Ration
Other
40.00%
card
20.00%
Squatters
0.00%
Unauthorised
Electrici
ty/
Voter
ID
Phone
bill
Pan
Card
d. Access
to
Basic
Services
–
Ø Physical
Infrastructure
Housing:
17.64%
slum
houses
are
pucca
structures,
39%
is
kucha
and
43%
is
semi-‐pucca.
Most
unauthorized
colonies
have
pucca
housing
(52%),
whereas
squatter
settlements
have
mostly
semi-‐pucca
housing
(48.9%).
Current
demand
for
housing
(kucha
and
semi
pucca
structures)
is
therefore
11844.
About
14%
households
reported
living
on
rent.
Vehdas
have
100%
renter
households.
Exhibit
26:
Structural
Quality
of
Housing
in
Slums
Housing
Infratructure
100%
20.49%
80%
45.70%
60%
27.60%
90.90%
Kutcha
40%
Semi-‐pucca
48.96%
51.99%
20%
Pucca
0%
5.30%
9.10%
0%
Squatters
Unauthorised
Settlement
Vehdas
Housing
Infrastructure
(Fig.2)
0%
37.50%
62.50%
Vehdas
35
Water
Supply:
33%
slums
have
municipal
water
piped
network
that
connect
to
all
the
households
through
individual
taps.
Others
are
served
through
common
sources
-‐
community
taps,
bore
wells,
tankers
and
hand
pumps.
Exhibit
27:
Municipal
and
Private
Water
Sources
available
in
Slums
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
Nearly
25%
slum
households
have
access
to
taps
at
home
connected
to
municipal
supplies;
largely
in
the
unauthorized
settlements.
Additionally
2.3%
have
Self-‐Owned
bore
wells
or
hand
pumps.
Rest
get
water
from
various
municipal
sources
such
as;
community
taps
(45%)
and
bore
wells
(0.14%).
A
few
households
have
shared
Self-‐Owned
taps
(4.31%)
and
a
marginal
population
use
Self-‐Owned
tankers.
Among
people
who
use
community
water
sources,
almost
all
(99%)
report
that
these
are
accessible
within
a
distance
0.5-‐1km
and
are
functional.
A
few
complained
of
dry
taps
several
times
every
month.
Most
(87%)
said
that
the
water
supplied
was
for
less
than
one
hour
every
day
although
water
pressure
was
good
and
the
water,
drinkable
(96%).
More
than
two-‐thirds
(72%)
did
complain
of
bad
odour
and
dirty
supplies
during
rains.
On
filing
a
complaint
to
the
Municipal
Corporation,
nearly
78%
reported
that
the
response
was
prompt,
while
others
stated
that
response
time
varied
from
2-‐3
days
to
nearly
a
month
and
never.
Of
people
with
household
connections,
53%
pay
user
charges.
Sometimes
the
cost
of
water
use
is
almost
Rs.2000.
Exhibit
28:
Source
and
Duration
of
Water
Supply
in
Slums
19%
14.33%
4.43%
0.28%
0.03%
0.69%
81%
Less
than
1
-‐
2
More
Once
a
Twice
a
Irregular
1
hour
hours
than
2
week
week
per
day
per
day
hours
Municipal
sources
Private
sources
per
day
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
36
Toilets:
Toilet
types
vary
by
type
of
slums.
While
unauthorized
colonies
mostly
have
Self-‐
Owned
toilets,
squatter
settlements
and
vedas
have
shared
toilets.
Exhibit
29:
Toilet
facility
at
Household
level
34.72%
60.66%
71.20%
14.36%
14.81%
90%
0.82%
0.04%
65.15%
No
39.30%
28.80%
10%
Yes
Majority
of
households
(57%),
bulk
is
in
the
unauthorized
slums,
of
which
almost
all
have
a
flush
system.
Almost
all
Self-‐Owned
toilets
(97%)
are
connected
to
a
legal
sewer
line.
The
remaining
3%
are
linked
to
septic
tanks,
dry
pits
or
discharge
into
open
drains.
Exhibit
30:
Typology
of
Household
Toilets
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
Toilets
in
Vehdas
are
mostly
shared.
One
on
each
floor
depending
on
the
tenement.
Due
to
inadequate
toilets
are
compelling
people
to
defecate
in
open.
Less
than
2.5%
people
in
slums
have
access
to
community
toilets.
25%
use
shared
toilets
and
rest
all
are
openly
defecating.
These
are
mostly
dirty
and
non-‐functional.
Only
a
small
proportion
of
households
(14.4%),
defecate
openly
and
usually
have
to
walk
far
(about
1km)
for
the
purpose.
Some
(10.7%)
also
share
toilets
with
neighbours.
Shared
toilet
users
may
range
from
one
family
to
more
than
10
families
in
few
cases.
37
Exhibit 31: Toilet Usage among Households having no Individual Toilets
1.20%
1.77%
1.91%
72.22%
Mobile
toilet
21.11%
26.71%
27.88%
Community
toilet
0%
47.01%
36.89%
35.33%
25%
Shared
household
toilet
2.78%
All
slums
Squatters
Unauthorised
Vehdas
Settlements
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
Toilet
use
among
children:
While
28%
of
households
said
children
used
home
toilets
for
defecation,
almost
an
equal
percentage
(25%),
reported
that
their
children
defecated
on
the
roadside,
or
open
drains
or
in
empty
plots.
In
case
of
households
with
very
small
children
or
babies
and
no
household
toilets,
nearly
91%
mothers
disposed
faecal
matter
on
the
roadside
or
in
open
spaces.
Only
about
5.8%
households
reported
using
community
dustbins
for
such
purpose.
Exhibit
32:
Toilet
usage
among
Children
80.00% 90.89%
60.00%
40.00%
5.89%
1.96%
20.00%
0.43%
0.05%
0.00%
Toilets
CTC
Roadside
Open
Drains
Near
Community
Bin
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
Almost
all
households
(97%)
use
soap
for
cleaning
hands.
Solid
Waste
Disposal:
MCL
has
privatized
waste
collection
in
the
city.
However,
waste
is
collected
only
from
the
dhallaos
and
street
corners.
The
Self-‐Owned
waste
collection
service
is
not
extended
to
slums.
Only
9%
households
stated
that
MCL
or
Self-‐Owned
sweepers
collected
solid
waste
from
their
areas;
most
(90%)
disposed
their
waste
by
themselves.
Majority
(74%)
disposed
the
waste
on
street
corners
and
just
10%
at
the
designated
community
bins/spots.
Remaining
households
dispose
waste
either
in
open
spaces
or
drains.
38
6.25%
29.82%
18.47%
Unauthorised
42.86%
50%
Settlements
93.75%
Squatters
69.32%
81.53%
57.12%
50%
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
Waste
Water
Disposal:
Unauthorized
areas
have
been
provided
open
drains
to
carry
away
their
wastewater.
Squatter
settlements
do
not
have
any
formal
drains.
Majority
of
the
households
(65%)
reported
open
and
unpaved
drains,
Domestic
Waste
Water
discharge
0%
0%
0%
informal
drains
in
their
settlements;
while
nearly
Vehdas
28%%
stated
that
there
were
85%
15%
14.73%
no
drains
at
all.
Although
no
data
has
been
generated
for
22.61%
Unauthorised
50.69%
11.83%
0.14%
vehdas,
transect
walks
through
Settlements
several
has
been
used
to
make
13.47%
these
observations
-‐
drains
in
67.57%
14.43%
Squatters
vehdas
are
open,
lining
the
4.52%
0%
sides
of
rooms
and
flow
into
open
lots
as
there
is
no
underground
sewerage
in
the
area.
Exhibit
34:
Household
Waste
Water
Discharge
in
Slums
39
In
more
than
half
the
households
(51%)
wastewater
flows
into
open
surface
drains.
Some
(19%)
discharge
wastewater
into
sewer
lines
and
others
into
the
nearby
water
bodies
or
in
open
spaces.
Majority
of
drains
were
reportedly
clean
(78%);
others
reported
blocked/choked/
broken
drains
in
need
of
repair.
Most
(63%)
believe
that
drain
cleaning
is
a
Municipal
responsibility.
They
also
agree
that
municipal
workers
clean
the
waste
on
a
daily
basis,
while
others
say
that
cleaning
happens
either
weekly
or
on
a
monthly
basis.
Around
29%
of
the
households
claimed
to
be
cleaning
the
drains
themselves.
Exhibit
35:
Drainage
infrastructure
in
Slums
In-‐Slum
Drainage
Open
&
Unpaved
0%
Open
&
paved
30%
Covered
&
Unpaved
62%
Covered
&
Paved
3%
4%
No
Drains
1%
Unreported
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
Transportation:
92%
households
reported
that
roads
leading
to
the
settlements
are
unpaved.
Majority
of
the
population
(88%)
walks
to
work.
Others
use
personal
vehicles
(9%),
or
auto-‐rickshaws
and
cycle
rickshaws
(2.3%).
Exhibit
36:
Mode
of
transport
used
by
Households
in
Slums
60%
Walking
7%
Company
vehicle
Others
Ø SOCIAL-‐
INFRASTRUCTURE
Health
Slum
housing
usually
comes
up
\organically,
is
highly
dense,
closely
clustered,
and
with
poor
sanitation.
This
impacts
health
of
the
poor,
especially
women
who
stay
inside
these
areas.
Poor
health
and
frequent
illnesses
have
long-‐term
effects
-‐
stunting
growth
of
children
and
reducing
their
productivity.
19
slums
in
the
city
are
located
close
to
environmentally
40
hazardous
sites
and
potentially
hazardous
to
the
health
of
people
living
in
those
slums.
However,
86%
did
not
report
any
major
illnesses
in
the
last
3
months.
Of
all
the
reported
illnesses,
the
most
common
are
Acute
Respiratory
Infections,
nearly
53%
slum
households
reporting
these.
This
is
unsurprising
as
the
air
and
water
quality
of
Ludhiana
is
highly
polluted
due
to
industrial
pollutants.
Other
common
illnesses
are
tuberculosis
(23%),
malaria/dengue
(7%)
and
diarrhea
(2%).
High
incidence
of
TB
in
Ludhiana
may
due
to
the
poor
quality
sanitation
in
the
city/
settlements.
A
small
number
also
reported
stones,
cancer,
and
heart
or
brain
disease.
A
very
small
portion
of
the
population
(less
than
1%)
is
reported
to
be
suffering
from
some
form
of
mental/physical
disabilities.
Exhibit
37:
Reported
Illnesses
in
Slums
12.25%
2.22%
1.27%
1.75%
2.07%
0.80%
0.80%
0.64%
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
For
treatment
of
major
diseases/illnesses,
majority
of
households
(50.4%)
go
to
the
Urban
Health
Centers
(UHC)
or
Primary
Health
Centers
(PHC)
and
40%
to
Self-‐Owned
clinics.
For
treatment
of
minor
illnesses,
people
prefer
nearby
Self-‐Owned
clinics
(70%),
followed
by
Urban
Health
Centers
(20%)
and
lastly
government
hospitals
(4%).
Reliance
on
Self-‐Owned
health
care
is
indicative
of
poor
quality
public
health
care.
It
is
also
because
Self-‐Owned
clinics
as
opposed
to
government
facilities
are
closer,
convenient
and
friendly.
Nearly
81%
households
spend
up
to
Rs2000
per
month
on
health
care.
Average
monthly
health
expense
per
households
is
Rs234.
Only
39
slums
have
a
Primary
Health
Centre/government
hospital/dispensary
within
a
distance
of
less
than
3kms;
and
110
within
a
distance
of
less
than
5kms.
Distance
to
access
these
services
adds
to
the
health
costs
of
the
people.
Exhibit
38:
Healthcare
facilities
opted
in
case
of
Major
Illnesses
UHC
PHC
Other
Private
Clinic
Govt.
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
41
Education
Out
of
11844,
almost
32%
(3688)
of
the
families
have
school
going
children.
Majority
of
the
children
are
below
5
years.
There
is
a
drop
in
students
of
age
14
and
above,
indicating
a
dropout
rate.
Exhibit
39:
Education
Profile
among
Children
in
Slums
Senior school
Source:
Household
Survey,
2014
42
Water:
Water
in
the
settlement
is
supplied
from
municipal
bore
wells
outside
slum
settlements
connected
to
pipes
that
stretch
inside.
Most
households
use
community
water
stand
posts
provided
by
MCL
in
the
settlement
however
only
70%
of
these
taps
are
functional.
Other
households
have
water
supply
at
home,
having
illegally
extended
pipelines
from
the
municipal
supply
to
their
homes
by
paying
a
connection
cost
(to
intermediaries)
for
plumbing.
Where
people
have
invested
in
galli
extensions,
they
also
protect
the
pipes
to
ensure
these
do
not
get
damaged.
Water
is
supplied
for
two
hours
each,
thrice
a
day
–
morning,
afternoon
and
evening.
Despite
this,
the
quantity
of
water
in
some
settlements,
particularly
the
large
ones
is
insufficient
with
frequent
fights
over
water
sharing.
Low
water
pressure
(takes
10
minutes
for
one
bucket
to
fill
up)
and
power
outages
are
responsible
for
inadequate
or
no
water
supply
to
these
settlements.
Residents
face
the
problem
of
poor
water
pressure
especially
in
the
summer
months.
Since
connections
are
illegally
drawn,
households
do
not
pay
water
charges
nor
does
the
Corporation
bill
them
for
the
same.
A
few
older
settlements
pay
Rs100
per
month
as
fixed
charges
for
water
use
to
the
MCL.
Toilets:
Many
houses
have
individual
toilets
which
are
connected
to
the
city’s
trunk
sewers.
In
some
cases
where
the
settlements
are
along
the
drains,
they
directly
discharge
sewage
into
these.
Households
do
not
pay
any
sanitation
charge
for
using
the
sewers
and
the
MCL
is
responsible
for
the
regular
maintenance
of
the
sewers.
There
are
hardly
any
Community
Toilet
Complexes
and
those
that
are
present
and
non-‐functional.
Due
to
this,
some
people
have
made
pits
while
others
continue
to
defecate
in
open
spaces.
Drains:
The
majority
of
settlements
do
not
have
surface
drains.
However
most
settlements
are
connected
to
a
sewer
line
and
people
have
set
up
Self-‐Owned
connections
of
their
toilets
to
the
sewer
line.
The
cost
for
maintaining
these
connections
is
between
Rs.500
to
Rs.2000.
Some
settlements
do
not
have
any
sewer
line
and
community
members
have
built
small
pits
to
collect
their
waste.
Household
wastewater
is
directly
discharged
into
the
trunk
sewers.
Only
2
to
3
areas
have
paid
maintenance
system
for
sewer
related
problems.
Solid
Waste:
The
majority
of
households
dump
their
waste
in
open
spaces
and
on
the
road
nearby.
There
is
no
provision
of
a
government
karamchari
to
collect
the
waste
from
households
or
any
designated
collection
site/dhallao.
In
some
areas
a
collector
hired
by
the
MCL
picks
up
the
waste
and
charges
around
Rs.30/-‐
but
he
is
not
regular.
A
small
percentage
of
people
have
hired
a
Self-‐Owned
collector
to
carry
out
a
door-‐to-‐door
waste
collection
system.
There
is
no
provision
of
Community
Toilet
Complexes
and
so
all
menstrual
waste
is
also
thrown
in
the
open.
Power
Supply:
Nearly
90%
of
the
households
have
Self-‐Owned
metered
power
supply.
There
are
some
residents
who
do
not
have
any
electricity
and
buy
power
from
their
neighbours.
These
households
were
refused
connections
by
the
electricity
department.
The
residents
with
power
supply
complain
of
having
to
pay
high
electricity
bills.
There
are
no
connections
to
a
meter
from
the
electricity
department.
In
many
settlements
there
are
no
streetlights
or
poles
and
in
those
that
have
streetlights
they
are
non-‐functional.
There
are
many
electric
wires
in
dangerous
conditions
and
a
constant
fear
of
fire.
The
streets
remain
dark
and
are
dangerous
in
the
night
–
molestation,
thefts
etc.
are
common.
There
is
one
settlement
that
uses
diyas
to
light
up
their
homes.
43
Livelihoods:
The
main
source
of
livelihood
for
residents
is
split
between
working
in
Self-‐
Owned
factories
and
being
engaged
in
Self-‐Owned
jobs.
Around
30%
of
women
are
employed
either
as
factory
workers
or
domestic
help.
A
small
percentage
of
the
population
is
self
employed
and
while
some
work
as
sanitary
workers
with
the
Corporation
others
are
street
vendors.
Transport:
A
very
small
percentage
of
people
own
personal
vehicles;
majority
use
public
transport
or
travel
by
rickshaws,
tempos
or
three
wheelers.
Health
Services:
Common
illnesses
in
the
slums
are
coughs
and
colds,
fevers,
diarrhoea,
jaundice,
typhoid,
dengue,
tuberculosis
etc.
In
a
few
settlements,
1
or
2
deaths
per
year
due
to
Dengue
and
Jaundice
have
been
recorded.
There
are
no
government
health
centres
or
dispensaries
in
the
settlements
and
those
that
are
present
are
situated
at
least
5-‐7
km
away
at
a
fair
distance.
In
cases
where
people
do
travel
to
the
government
hospitals,
they
use
their
personal
vehicles
or
go
by
rickshaws,
tempos
or
public
transport.
For
minor
problems
people
prefer
fee-‐paying
neighbourhood
Self-‐Owned
clinics
or
nursing
homes.
These
are
expensive
and
the
poorest
cannot
afford
to
get
treated
here
and
so
delay
seeking
treatment
till
desperate.
Travel
to
and
from
the
hospital
is
also
expensive
and
hence
avoided.
However,
people
still
mostly
visit
Self-‐Owned
doctors
and
clinics
and
hardly
ever
go
to
government
hospitals.
They
complain
that
the
staff
at
the
government
hospitals
is
not
attentive
and
very
rude.
In
some
slums
health
workers
make
visits
to
administer
polio
and
other
vaccinations
but
in
most
slums
the
residents
take
their
children
either
to
the
dispensary
or
a
Self-‐Owned
hospital
for
vaccines.
However,
mostly
immunization
services
are
not
available
in
or
near
the
settlements.
These
are
accessed
through
Self-‐Owned
health
care
on
personal
initiative
and
by
paying
a
fee.
Education:
There
are
no
government
schools
in
the
slum
settlement
itself.
In
most
settlements
half
the
population
of
children
go
to
Self-‐Owned
schools
while
those
that
cannot
afford
Self-‐Owned
schools
attend
the
government
schools.
In
some
settlements
the
children
do
not
have
any
access
to
education
as
the
Self-‐Owned
schools
are
too
expensive
and
the
government
schools
are
situated
too
far
away.
In
this
case
children
are
often
engaged
in
collecting
waste
and
rag
picking.
People
would
like
to
have
government
education
facilities
near
their
settlements
so
that
their
children
can
attend
school.
There
is
also
no
anganwadi
near
the
settlement.
Access
to
Welfare
Scheme:
Residents
are
unaware
of
welfare
schemes
and
while
they
have
various
forms
of
Identification
cards
they
feel
these
are
of
no
use.
80%
of
residents
have
Aadhar
cards
and
Voter
Cards.
About
60%
residents
have
Ration
Cards
and
a
very
low
percentage
has
BPL
cards.
Officials,
say
people
are
reluctant
to
share
information
about
beneficiary
schemes.
44
Exhibit 40: A sample FGD with one of the slums in Ludhiana
45
46
a. Slum
Validation:
CURE
started
the
mapping
process
by
procuring
the
MCL
2003
list
for
slums.
Site
visits
were
made
to
validate
the
status
of
each
slum.
Old
settlements
found
upgraded
were
deleted
from
the
list.
Further,
CURE
field
staff
made
a
complete
sweep
of
the
city
to
identify
new
squatter
settlements.
The
final
list
of
settlements
was
shared
with
MCL
councilors
in
small
zone
meetings,
who
validated
the
lists
for
their
areas.
New
settlements
recommended
by
the
Councilors
were
visited
to
confirm
if
these
were
indeed
slums
and
to
draw
up
the
final
list.
Vehdas
have
not
been
mapped
for
now,
as
MCL
is
still
ambivalent
about
inclusion
of
these
areas
on
Self-‐Owned
lands
within
the
ambit
of
slum
planning.
b. Base
Map
All
slum
settlements,
barring
vehdas
have
been
mapped
on
the
city
map
of
Ludhiana.
The
map
of
Ludhiana
with
Town
and
Country
Planning
Department
prepared
on
GIS
using
satellite
imagery
has
been
used
as
the
base
map
to
ensure
convergence.
The
TCPO
base
map
shows
ward
boundaries
and
city
landmarks.
The
base
map
was
verified
and
updated
through
handheld
Arc
pads
with
inbuilt
GPS
devices.
GIS
Map
is
enclosed.
c. Slum
Mapping
MCL
list
of
slums
for
2003
was
used
as
the
starting
point
for
the
mapping.
Mobile
ArcGIS
with
GPS
was
used
simultaneously
to
mark
the
exact
locations
of
each
slum
on
the
TCPO
base
map.
A
point
layer
was
prepared
to
mark
all
points
such
as
road-‐cross
sections,
end
streets,
corner
plots
and
land
features
in
the
slums.
These
point
features
were
later
brought
onto
ArcGIS
to
overlay
it
on
the
satellite
imagery
of
the
base
map.
The
points
were
connected
together
to
shape
the
slum
boundaries
and
has
created
an
accurate
spatial
layout
of
physical
features
/ground
data.
Below
is
the
Boundary
map
of
Slums
in
Ludhiana.
Exhibit
41:
Boundary
Map
of
Slums,
Ludhiana
47
Ward
wise
Distribution
of
Slums
35
30
No.
of
Slums
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
4
6
8
13
15
17
24
27
30
32
43
46
52
55
58
60
64
71
74
Ward
No
Source:
Slum
Survey,
2014
48
Across
all
wards,
Ward
7
has
the
maximum
number
of
slums
followed
by
Wards
14,
73,
74
and
75.
Together
these
5
wards
account
for
nearly
70%
of
city’s
slums.
The
details
of
the
slums
in
these
wards
are
annexed.
Exhibit
43:
Geographical
distributions
of
Wards
with
Slums
in
Ludhiana
City
Exhibit
44:
Geographic
distributions
of
Zones
and
Slums
Source:
Slum
Survey,
2014
49
Table
3.4:
Zone
wise
Distribution
of
slums
by
their
Household
Size
Zone
Category
500
to
1000
250
to
500
100
to
250
>1000
HHs
HHs
HHs
HHs
<100
HHs
TOTAL
A
0
1
5
11
8
25
B
4
8
18
30
23
83
C
3
5
8
12
17
108
D
1
0
4
7
17
29
TOTAL
8
14
35
60
65
182
50
Ø Categorization
of
the
slums
by
tenability
Of
the
182
slums
assessed
for
tenability,
45
slums
are
tenable.
These
slums
have
households
with
legal
land
titles.
They
are
located
on
non-‐hazardous
areas
and
conform
to
proposed
land
use.
33
slums
are
non-‐tenable
i.e.
located
on
public
land
31
and
in
hazardous
land
use
areas.
104
slums
are
semi-‐tenable.
These
can
be
developed
in
situ
by
land
use
regularization.
Please
see
annexure
for
a
detailed
list.
151
Exhibit
46:
Slums
categorized
by
Land
Ownership
51
• Total
Score
of
less
or
equal
to
25:
High
level
of
infrastructure
(code
1)
• Total
Score
of
greater
than
25:
Low
level
of
infrastructure
(Code
2)
3
The
2x2x2
matrix
represents
(Less
Infrastructure
deficiency)
X
(Permanent
Housing)
X
(Secure
Tenure).
The
1x1x1
represents
(High
Infrastructure
deficiency)
X
(Temporary
Housing)
X
(Insecure
Tenure)
52
Based
on
the
infrastructure
deficiency
assessment,
the
slums
have
been
categorised
into
five
priority
bands
based
on
infrastructure
deficiency.
Priority
1
includes
slums
that
have
the
worst
infrastructure
levels
-‐
absent
or
minimal.
Priority
5
includes
slums
that
are
well
served.
Based
on
this
assessment
and
availability
of
funds
and
other
resources,
the
city
can
begin
by
a.
investing
heavily
in
the
least
served
areas
while
simultaneously
make
minimal
invests
in
already
served
areas
to
upgrade
and
exclude
from
the
slum
list.
A
third
approach
can
be
a
mix
of
two.
b. Housing
Parameters
Housing
iss
assessed
on
the
basis
of
structural
condition
of
housing
in
the
area,
pucca,
semi
pucca
or
kuccha
using
the
Census
definition.
The
following
scoring
pattern
is
used.
• Score
1:
slums
with
60%
or
more
housing
being
pucca
(combination
of
roof
and
wall
and
Census
definition
for
kuccha/pucca)
• Score
2:
slums
with
60%
or
more
housing
being
kucha
c. Tenure
Security
Secure
Tenure
is
considered
where
formal
property
rights
are
a.
registered
(including
ownership,
leasehold
and
use/occupancy
rights)
in
most
cases,
b.
unregistered
but
documented
(e.g
rental,
rent
to
buy,
unregistered
leases,
etc),
c.
group/family/household
rights
(e.g.
customary/tribal/clan
family
rights,
Islamic
tenure
types,
community
land
trusts,
etc),
and
d.
unregistered
and
undocumented
(e.g.
adverse
possession,
use
or
occupancy
rights
without
certificated,
customary
rights)
Insecure
Tenure
was
where
there
were;
a.
written
agreements
between
irregular
owners
and
tenants,
de
facto
recognition,
illegal
subdivisions,
customary
rights,
tenancy
at
will,
etc.
b.
undocumented
agreements
as
above.
Scores
were
assigned
as
follows:
• Score
1:
slums
with
60%
or
more,
having
secure
tenure.
• Score
2:
slums
with
60%
or
less,
having
secure
tenure.
53
54
a. In-‐situ
upgrading
147
tenable
settlements
or
the
unauthorized-‐un-‐regularized
colonies
and
selected
squatter
settlements)
mostly
with
secure
land
tenure,
appropriate
land
use
as
per
the
City’s
Master
Plan,
and
low
to
medium
vulnerability
shall
be
upgraded
on
the
same
site
and
on
as-‐is-‐
where-‐is
basis.
In-‐situ
upgrading
shall
ensure
existing
livelihoods
of
the
poor
can
continue.
Depending
on
the
context,
the
city
shall
chose
one
of
three
upgrading
options;
i.
only
bring
in
the
basic
services
with
last
mile
connections;
ii.
Upgrade
kutcha,
semi-‐pucca
houses
to
pucca
with
in-‐house
services
as
per
RAY
norms;
and
c.
upgrade
pucca
houses
with
in-‐house
services,
where
missing
and
create
additional
space
in
small
houses.
55
b. Redevelopment
Semi
tenable
slums
(1
in
number)
shall
be
redeveloped
on
the
same
site.
This
would
include
demolishing
hutments
and
rebuilding
housing
in
multi-‐level
structures
and
by
shifting
residents
to
transit
accommodation
during
the
reconstruction.
c. Resettlement:
32
slums
that
are
highly
vulnerable,
untenable
settlements
with
no
land
tenure
i.e.
mostly
squatter
settlements
shall
be
resettled
with
housing,
services
and
livelihoods
rehabilitation
(recognizing
that
development
through
far-‐site
relocation
has
an
adverse
impact
on
people’s
livelihoods
and
incomes)
on
the
basis
of
a
resettlement
plan.
Resettlement
may
be
in:
Ø Site
and
Services
Schemes
Scheme
proposed
in
serviced
plots
with
basic
infrastructure
and
secure
tenure.
In
this
model,
people
can
incrementally
build
their
own
housing
with
technical
support
from
MCL.
Ø New
Housing
Housing
with
all
basic
services
in
near
or
far-‐site
resettlement
in
multi-‐level
or
low-‐rise
housing
depending
on
demand
and
land
availability.
This
would
include
households
in
existing
slums
and
new
migrants.
A
livelihoods’
rehabilitation
plan
shall
be
part
of
the
housing
design
to
create
space
for
employment
and
generate
new
opportunities
in
the
neighborhood.
a. Tenable
Slums:
Ø Slums
on
Govt./
Central
Govt.
Land
§ On
Private
Partnership
basis
by
using
land
as
a
resource
§ Such
slum
lands
to
be
given
Additional
FSI/TDR
by
State/ULB
§ Private
builders
to
exploit
part
of
the
land
or
FSI/TDR
for
Commercial
Purposes
§ Private
builders
to
build
houses
for
eligible
Slum
Dwellers
at
free
of
cost
§ Private
builders
through
transparent
bidding
process
§ Not
all
slums
amenable
for
cross
subsidization
Ø Other
slums
will
require
funding
from
Government
§ Government
of
India
and
State
Governments
to
share
financial
burden
in
case
of
viability
gap
(60-‐75%)
§ Some
slums
may
result
into
surplus
to
State
Government/ULBs
to
be
used
for
cross
subsidization
of
other
slums
Ø Slums
on
Private
Land
§ Slums
on
private
land
to
be
developed
by
giving
additional
FSI/TDR
to
owner
for
providing
in-‐situ
housing
to
existing
slum
dwellers
§ Government
of
India/State
Governments
to
prescribe
Technical
Specifications
and
Area
norms
for
housing
to
Slum
Dwellers
b. Un-‐Tenable
Slums
§ Slums
located
on
sites
not
fit
for
Residential
Purpose
like
river
bed,
forest,
drain
lines,
High
tension
lines
etc.
are
to
be
relocated
to
Tenable
Sites.
§ Expenditure
to
be
shared
between
GoI,
State
Govt
and
ULB
Every
slum
that
is
to
be
taken
up
for
development
must
be
studied
in
detail
and
proposals
shall
be
based
on
detailed
study.
56
57
4. Housing study
Source:
Census
1991,
2001,
2011
58
2011 283136
Source:
Census
2011
59
Step
2:
Determining
the
proportionate
distribution
of
the
above
typologies
as
currently
existing.
Step
3:
Determining
the
projected
demand
of
housing
typologies
over
time
and
their
proportionate
distribution
(based
on
a
set
of
assumptions).
Preconditions
for
strategizing
housing
supply
rely
on
an
aggressive
housing
supply
for
upgrading
and
construction
of
new
housing
stock
with
the
aim
of
m aking
Ludhiana
a
Slum
Free
City.
(The
algorithm
for
doing
so
is
explained
while
determining
the
quantity
of
housing
typology)
Step
4:
Estimation
of
housing
for
rental
and
ownership
Step
5:
Infrastructure
requirements
for
LIG/EWS
Housing
Step
6:
land
requirement
s
for
LIG/EWS
Housing
Step
7:
Planning
and
building
standards
to
be
adopted
in
Housing
Layouts.
Projection
of
housing
by
their
typologies
60
Classified
Slum
Housing
(Year
Slum
Vs.
Non-‐Slum
Households
2021)
(Year
2021)
JJ
Cluster
Vehra
UUU
Non-‐slum
Slum
11%
14%
40%
49% 86%
Exhibit
50:
Estimated
share
of
slums
as
compared
to
non-‐slum
households
by
2021
61
d. Conclusion
Total
number
of
DUs
to
be
upgraded:
15000
(Squatter
settlements
+
kuccha
in
unauthorized
areas)
Future
Demand:
38000
additional
units
per
decade
based
on
migration
rates
of
the
city
at
17%.
Of
this
about
7%
is
estimated
from
migration
growth.
Assuming
that
Self-‐Owned
sector
would
continue
to
provide
accommodation
to
the
population
in
rental
housing,
it
is
estimated
that
they
will
cover
70%
housing.
Additional
individual
housing
units
required
over
a
decade
would
be
11500
units,
and
the
Land
required
would
be
156.5
hactares
Exhibit
51:
Framework
for
determining
housing
Strategy
62
63
64
iii. Regularization
of
Slums:
Unauthorized
colonies
where
people
have
property
rights
cannot
be
displaced.
These
form
a
large
segment
slums
and
can
easily
be
developed
by
regularization
and
releasing
the
energies
of
the
neighbourhood
for
self-‐
development.
The
process
for
regularization
will
need
to
be
initiated
and
may
take
some
time
to
happen
as
this
would
need
state
intervention.
iv. In-‐situ
development
There
are
very
few
slums
in
the
city
core
area.
The
few
that
are
there
could
be
developed
in-‐situ
to
obviate
the
need
for
land
procurement
and
keep
the
costs
low.
This
would
need
decisions
to
grant
land-‐tenure
in
these
sites
on
a
case-‐to-‐case
basis.
v. Housing
of
Migrants
from
Other
States:
There
would
need
to
be
a
decision
to
provide
housing
with
property
titles
to
families
not
domiciled
in
Punjab;
large
majority
of
the
poor
people
lack
voter
ID
and
ration
cards
from
the
state.
The
State
will
need
to
decide
on
some
form
of
temporary
tenure,
besides
creating
rental
accommodation
–
currently
the
preferred
mode
of
housing
among
the
poorest.
vi. Investing
in
Vehda
Development:
Vehdas,
the
particular
phenomenon
of
Punjab
is
tenement
housing
created
by
rich
land
owners
by
converting
rural
lands
into
residential
lands
in
contravention
of
the
Master
Plan.
These
are
however,
the
worst
areas
with
respect
to
environmental
services.
RAY
funding
for
upgrading
these,
would
need
hard
decisions
will
be
made
for
investments
in
city
infrastructure
–
bringing
in
water,
toilets,
roads,
power
supply,
etc.
inside
these
Self-‐Owned
properties.
vii. Gentrification:
For
slums
households
having
ownership
rights,
their
properties
have
a
natural
propensity
for
higher
value,
therefore,
when
improved,
owners
can
be
tempted
to
transfer
or
resell.
Taking
an
affidavit
from
owners
for
a
continuous
stay
of
10
years
in
the
improved
house
will
ensure
a
well-‐spent
public
resource.
viii. Mixed
Use
Development:
There
will
be
need
to
promote
integrated
housing
with
shopping,
commercial
activity,
space
for
self-‐employment
work
at
the
ground
levels
and
residential
areas
on
the
upper
levels.
ix. Byelaws
for
Vehdas:
Housing
for
the
poor
must
be
planned
with
appropriate
byelaws.
For
now,
the
idea
is
to
ensure
housing
density
does
not
exceed
400
D.U.s
per
hectare,
light
angles
are
at
30
degree
and
housing
maintained
for
light
and
ventilation.
Any
construction
violating
this
norm
should
be
penalized.
i. Land
reservation:
in
the
slum
vicinity,
land
would
need
to
be
accommodated
for
new
households,
creating
a
supply
of
15%-‐20%
per
annum
(for
new
Households).
MAPPING
EACH
SLUM;
Prepare
a
technical
layout
plan
for
each
upgraded
slum
with
building
standards
for
heights,
road
widths;
minimum
area
of
270
sq
ft.
Per
HH;
Average
area
of
350
sq
ft.
per
household
(commensurate
with
each
slum)
Minimum
plot
frontage
3.6
m
Minimum
room
size
12.5
sqm;
Minimum
room
width
2.4
m
Planning
standards
for
upgraded
slums;
Open
space…….……...0.3
ha/1000
persons
Roads……………..………
10
-‐20%
of
site
area
One
nursery
school…
0.1ha/1500
population
Micro
shops………….…10
shops/1000
population
65
Bed
Kitchen
With
Chula
Open
Space
Plan
of
Jhuggi
jhopri
Plastic
roof
Bamboo
structure
Exhibit
53:
Kuccha
house
in
a
Squatter
settlement
in
Ludhiana
66
Exhibit
54:
Average
Jhuggi
Size
Jhuggi
jhopri
of
Shiv
colony
Ø Semi-‐
Pucca
House
Semi-‐Pucca
uouses
are
found
in
unrecognized
settlements
on
Self-‐Owned
or
government
lands.
These
are
brick
structures
with
corrugated
sheets
for
roofs.
Semi
Pucca
houses
also
follow
vernacular
method
of
construction.
Typical
Size
is
around
15
sq.
metres.
Space
usually
allotted
for
cooking
is
around
1.5
sq.
metres.
Space
for
sleeping/sitting
is
about
5
sq.
metres.
The
rest
of
the
space
doubles
up
as
ciruclation
or
storage
space.
Windows
are
long
slit-‐like
structures,
mostly
left
open
without
being
fitted
with
grills.
Semi-‐
Pucca
houses
range
from
30
sq.
metres
to
70
sq.
metres.
Its
features
are:
§ Mostly
Exposed
brick
wall
§ Roof-‐slabs
with
angled
steel
beams
§ Cement
or
mud
flooring
§ Bathroom
and
toilets
are
not
attached
§ Building
materials
are
normally
locally
available
materials
§ Inadequate
Space
§ Poor
Ventilation
and
Daylighting
§ Lack
Toilets
or
if
Toilets
are
present,
they
discharge
directly
into
the
drains
§ Access
Roads
are
fairly
wide
and
thus
will
allow
expansion
of
existing
house
units
67
Exhibit
55:
A
typical
plan
of
Semi-‐Pucca
houses
in
Slums
of
Ludhiana
A
typical
facade
of
Semi-‐pucca
structure
Common
Kitchen
and
Living
area
`
A
photograph
of
semi-‐pucca
housing
in
Ludhiana
68
Ø Pucca
House
Pucca
and
Ground
plus
one
houses
include
more
than
2
rooms.
People
living
in
these
are
joint
families
with
an
average
of
10-‐12
people
residing
in
each
house.
Pucca
houses
may
be
in
both
recognized
and
unrecognized
settlements.
Very
few
are
G+1
structures.
Their
typical
features
are:
§ Inadequate
Space
§ Mostly
load
bearing
construction
§ Exposed
or
plastered
brick
wall
§ Attached
toilets
§ Building
materials
are
normally
locally
available
materials
The
figures
below
show
the
plans
of
different
pucca
houses
found
in
Ludhiana.
Bedroom
Kitchen
Bed
room
Kitchen
Bed
room
entry
entry
entry
Toilet
Open
Toilet
courtyard
Plan
of
pakka
Plan
of
pakka
Plan
of
pakka
house
house
house(ground
floor)
(G+1
floor)
A
photograph
of
Pucca
housing
from
Charan
Nagar,
Ludhiana
69
a. Design Proposals-‐
Exhibit
56:
Proposed
design
for
a
35
sq.m
and
25sq.m
shelter
with
toilet
facility
Many
pucca
houses
are
without
toilets.
People
living
in
pukka
houses
without
toilets
access
community
toilets,
where
these
are
provided,
or
defecate
in
the
open.
Their
features
are:
• Concrete
roofs
• Usually
have
2
bedrooms
and
kitchen
and
range
from
20-‐30
square
metres
in
area
• Ventilation
is
provided
but
no
toilets
Housing
Design
Proposals:
The
following
design
proposals
have
been
prepared
based
on
the
housing
typologies
in
the
settlements.
The
basic
objective
is
to
build
on
people’s
investments
by
incremntally
upgrading
housing,
adding
toilets
and
space,
on
the
existing
housing
footprint.
Where
that
is
not
possible
due
to
land,
tenability
or
engineering
issues,
houses
shall
be
redeveloped
or
slum
dwellers
relocated
to
built
housing.
The
following
house
designs
are
proposed.
b. In-‐Situ
Upgradation
Proposed
Structure:
New
structure
is
30
sq.
metres
in
area
including
a
3
sq.
metre
porch
area.
The
toilet
is
connected
to
a
septic
tank.
Alternately
a
cluster
tank
may
also
be
provided
to
hold
the
toilet
discharge
from
a
cluster
of
houses.
All
houses
shall
have
a
rainwater
harvesting
system
and
shall
be
connected
to
water
recharge
systems
in
the
area.
70
Exhibit 57: Model for Housing Upgrade in Semi-‐Pucca houses in Slums in Ludhiana
Ø A.
Housing
Upgrades-‐
Habitable
Space
to
be
increase
to
25
sq.
meters
Colour
Key
Habitable
Room
Living
Room
or
Bedroom)
Kitchen
Toilet/
Bathroom
Storage
Space
71
The
structure
proposed
consists
of
a
cement
pad
resting
on
I-‐beams,
which
are
placed
below
the
roof.
The
toilet
is
surrounded
by
walls
and
roof
of
gypsum
board
or
any
other
lightweight
material.
The
soil
pipe
goes
into
septic
tank
or
sewer
outside.
Ø In-‐situ
development:
Decentralised
Infrastructure
Cluster
Septic
Tank
as
community
infrastructure
Wherever
the
city
infrastructure
is
difficult
to
be
extended,
decentralised
options
must
be
explored.
Options
like
Cluster
septick
tank
(CST)
and
DEWATS
must
be
tried.
The
designs
below
are
from
a
resettlement
colony
in
Delhi
known
as
Savda
Ghevra
that
is
almost
30km
from
the
city
centre,
where
the
CST
model
is
implemented
by
CURE
Exhibit
58:
Decentralized
infrastructure
for
Slums
72
73
Exhibit
61:
Detail
of
Balcony
Exhibit
62:
Connection
of
wastewater
to
decentralized
wastewater
treatment
system
74
Exhibit 63: Components of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System (DEWATS) for Group Housings
Exhibit
64:
In-‐house
Composting
Facility
for
Efficient
Solid
Waste
Management
75
a. Opportunities
Land
Tenure
is
Largely
Legal:
Majority
of
slums
in
the
city
–
unauthorized
and
un-‐regularized
areas
–
are
on
lands
where
owners
have
property
rights
–
albeit
may
need
mutation/updating.
These
settlements
have
mostly
come
up
after
the
1984
riots;
riot
victims
from
various
cities
had
moved
into
the
area
and
procured
land
on
the
city
fringe
for
resettlement.
Only
a
small
group
of
very
poor
settlements
occupy
lands
that
are
illegal
or
encroached
land.
Having
land
tenure
enables
MCL
to
move
in
services
quickly
and
without
any
restraints.
Exhibit
65:
Land
Tenure
of
Slums
in
Ludhiana
Land
under
Slum
Occupation
in
Ludhiana
Self
Owned
Land
Slums
on
lands
with
Slums
on
development
restraints
private
lands
(Public
and
Private)
Lands
donated
to
poor
by
Rajiv
Slums
on
Gandhi
after
1984
Slums
on
non-‐confirming
land
private
land
riots
use
under
contest
182
slums
for
upgrading
Slow
Growth
of
Slums
and
Self-‐Owned
Rental
Housing:
Growth
of
slums
in
Ludhiana
has
been
slow
possibly
because
the
city
has
managed
to
contain
the
growth
of
squatter
settlements.
This
has
led
to
the
development
of
a
Self-‐Owned
rental
market
-‐
tenement
housing
on
non-‐plan
lands
built
by
farm
owners
without
land
conversion
–
or
vehdas
–
that
are
fulfilling
the
housing
needs
of
poor
migrants.
At
the
same
time,
it
greatly
reduces
the
demand
and
pressure
on
the
city
for
new
housing.
Extended
Network
of
Basic
Services:
The
city
has
an
extended
network
of
underground
sewerage
and
water
supply
series,
including
in
unauthorized
areas.
This
has
two
advantages;
a.
builds
a
practice
of
serving
unauthorized
areas
in
the
city
that
can
be
extended
to
other
non-‐confirming
areas,
and
b.
provides
a
network
of
trunk
infrastructure
for
networking
slums
still
to
be
reached.
Service
solutions
would
however
need
customizing,
innovation
and
possibly
decentralized
to
ensure
mainstreaming.
Very
few
settlements
were
encroachments
on
state
or
nazool
land.
There
are
only
2
Settlements
on
defence
lands;
About
3%
settlements
are
on
railway
lands.
About
6%
settlements
are
along
major
drainage
channels
and
water
bodies.
About
50
slums
in
the
city
are
typical
‘jhuggi-‐jhopri’
clusters
housing
the
poorest
families,
mostly
new
migrants
in
the
city.
76
Few
Slums
on
Lands
with
Developmental
Restraints:
Ludhiana
being
an
industrial
city
has
very
few
development
restraints
such
as
in
heritage
sites,
coastal
sites,
etc.
A
few
slums
on
railway
lands
may
have
development
restraints
from
the
land
owning
agency.
Conformity
with
Master
Plan:
City
Master
Plans
designate
land
uses
in
the
city.
These
land
uses
are
based
on
city’s
development
vision
but
also
become
the
basis
for
determining
development
strategies
in
slums.
Nearly
two
third
of
the
city’s
slums,
except
for
Vehdas,
are
on
lands
marked
for
residential
purposes.
This
shall
make
extending
services
into
the
areas,
simpler.
As
these
lands
would
not
require
any
land
use
changes,
these
can
easily
be
developed
in-‐situ
by
de-‐jure
or
de
facto
property
rights
granted
by
the
State/
City.
Slums
on
State
Lands:
Squatter
settlements
are
mostly
on
city/state
lands.
Two
important
factors
that
would
make
it
easier
to
upgrade
these
settlements
is;
a.
they
are
very
few
in
number
(N=19)
and
b.
where
lands
belong
to
the
city
government,
these
can
be
considered
tenable
as
the
required
land-‐use
changes
or
de-‐facto
tenure
can
be
provided
for
in-‐situ
development.
Very
few
slum
dwellers
will
need
to
be
resettled
that
shock
people
into
poverty
and
has
added
costs
of
extending
services
to
distant
areas.
Finally,
the
remaining
slums
were
checked
for
their
locations
on
hazardous
sites
such
as
along
drains,
riverbeds,
etc.
that
are
prone
to
flooding
or
put
the
lives
and
health
of
people
living
here
at
risk.
Only
slums
in
hazardous
sites
are
considered
untenable.
House
Ownership
and
Pucca
Housing:
In
settlements
where
land
ownership
is
legal
(de
jure)
or
under
regularization
and
families
claim
ownership,
the
housing
is
mostly
pucca.
This
lowers
the
housing
demand
in
the
city.
Properties
whose
formal
rites
have
not
been
transferred
or
mutated,
if
assisted
with
the
process
can
further
lower
the
housing
demand.
Strong
Self-‐Owned
Sector:
Ludhiana,
being
an
industrial
city
has
a
strong
Self-‐Owned
sector.
Some
of
the
corporate
agencies
are
high
net
worth
groups
that
can
add
bring
in
significant
resources
to
the
city,
in
particular
in
the
context
of
the
new
CSR
Act
that
requires
companies
earning
profits
of
over
Rs5cr
to
invest
2%
funds
in
social
projects
including
slums
development.
The
potential/
possibility
of
Self-‐Owned
sector
investment
in
slum
development
can
be
explored,
especially
as
it
is
in
these
slums
that
the
industry
labour
lives.
Improving
their
quality
of
life
can
enhance
productivity
and
profitability.
77
b. Challenges
Despite
the
many
opportunities
in
the
city,
there
will
be
some
challenges
to
making
Ludhiana
slum
free.
Some
of
these
are;
Vehdas
and
Bye
Laws:
Four
times
Ludhiana’s
poor
live
in
vehdas,
the
Self-‐Ownedly
supplied
tenement
housing
(Veda
N=850
versus
Slum
N=
182).
There
will
be
four
key
challenges
to
addressing
the
issue
of
vehdas;
a.
clear
acceptance
by
the
city
that
vehdas
are
slum
areas
–
this
will
need
broadening
the
definition
of
slums
under
the
Act;
b.
Land
use
conversion
from
agricultural
to
urban
lands
–
which
will
be
politically
challenging;
c.
bye
laws
will
need
to
be
developed
to
regularize
the
constructions;
and
d.
provision
for
extension
of
services
into
Self-‐Owned
lands
would
need
to
be
approved.
Lack
of
Resources:
MCL
lacks
financial
resources
to
implement
slum-‐upgrading
programmes
at
a
city
scale
–
even
if
that
amounts
to
10-‐20%
contribution
for
various
components.
MCL
would
need
to
reimagine
generation
of
funds
in
the
city
for
slum
development.
Institutional
Capacity:
MCL
is
headed
by
an
IAS
officer
and
supported
by
two
Additional
Commissioner,
also
from
the
administrative
cadres.
There
are
also
experienced
engineers
heading
the
various
departments.
This
is
indicative
of
the
potential
capacity
of
the
local
body.
However,
despite
understanding
of
slum
issues,
solutions
for
development
continue
to
be
clichéd.
This
would
need
to
be
addressed
through
capacity
building
programmes
and
institutional
simplification
78
a. Water
Supply
Source:
At
present
there
are
658
deep
tube
wells
and
277
shallow
tube
wells
yielding
490MLD
of
water.
Due
to
over
drawl/extraction
of
the
ground
water,
the
water
table
has
gone
down
to
a
depth
of
500
feet.
Moreover,
deep
tube
wells
require
more
energy
to
pump
out
water.
Low
ground
water
table
also
causes
contamination
and
deterioration
in
quality
of
ground
water.
This
has
led
to
serious
water
scarcity
in
the
city
and
the
people
are
dependent
on
hand
pumps
and
bore
wells
for
water.
Even
this
water
is
insufficient
and
non-‐potable.
Therefore,
it
is
proposed
that
MC
Ludhiana
should
make
arrangements
for
canal-‐based
water
supply
from
the
nearby
Sirhind/Sidhwan
canal
that
has
adequate
water.
Inside
the
slums
it
is
proposed
to
provide
100mm
internal
dia.
DI
pipes
for
water
supply.
These
pipes
shall
connect
with
the
existing
main
pipeline.
Wherever
the
connection
to
main
pipeline
is
not
possible,
it
is
proposed
to
provide
deep
tube
wells
to
draw
the
water
and
connect
these
to
small
water
treatment
plants.
The
total
cost
incurred
in
providing
water
supply
is
Rs
9,63,16,336.00
at
per
unit
cost
of
Rs.1275.00
per
meter.
A
ten
percent
of
total
cost
has
been
earmarked
for
external
water
connection/tube
wells.
Cost
of
DI
pipe
has
been
taken
as
Rs950.00
per
meter.
79
b. Sewerage
It
is
proposed
to
provide
200
mm
internal
dia.
stoneware
pipes
for
laying
sewer
in
these
colonies/slums.
The
network
shall
then
be
designed
in
such
a
way
that
the
sewerage
is
discharged
in
the
existing
main
trunk
sewer.
Household
connections
have
been
proposed
with
oblique
junctions
to
reduce
cost
and
due
to
space
limitations.
Wherever
trunk
sewer
has
not
been
laid
it
is
proposed
to
provide
septic
tanks
or
small
STPs
subject
to
availability
of
space.
Total
cost
of
sewerage
is
Rs19,34,36,550.00
at
Rs
1825.00
per
meter.
Cost
of
one
meter
SW
pipe
has
been
taken
as
Rs275.00
and
manholes
have
been
proposed
at
an
interval
of
20
meters.
Slope
of
1
in
280
is
proposed
for
self-‐cleaning
velocity.
c. Roads
It
is
proposed
to
construct
cement
concrete
(CC)
roads
of
3-‐meter
average
width
in
these
colonies.
The
roads
shall
be
designed
to
provide
a
single
side
camber
with
drains
along
one
side.
The
total
length
in
these
colonies
is
206.4
kms.
Approximately
15
kms
of
pucca
roads
exists,
and
requires
no
additional
reinstatement
or
relaying.
Hence
a
total
of
191.4
kms
of
road
is
to
be
constructed
with
a
total
cost
of
54,17,04,429.00
d. Drainage
The
city
of
Ludhiana
does
not
have
a
functional
drainage
system.
Major
drains
are
absent
and
there
are
no
drains
available
alongside
approach
roads
to
the
colonies.
Therefore
it
is
proposed
to
prepare
a
comprehensive
plan
for
the
city
drainage
integrating
low-‐income
colonies
within.
Since
the
colonies
don’t
have
drainage
system
at
present,
it
is
proposed
to
provide
RCC
covered
drains
on
one
side
of
road.
The
total
cost
of
providing
drains
in
the
slum
colonies
is
Rs.
52,72,32,258.00
at
per
unit
cost
of
Rs.2912
per
meter.
It
is
to
be
noted
that
the
drains
are
calculated
for
80%
of
the
total
road
length.
Wherever
connection
to
a
major
drain
is
not
possible,
the
drainage
is
proposed
to
be
channelised
into
recharging
pits
and
rainwater
harvesting
structures.
e. Streetlights
Since
most
of
these
colonies
are
already
having
partial
streetlight
arrangement,
it
is
proposed
that
approximately
40%
of
the
total
roads
would
need
additional
street
lighting.
It
is
proposed
to
provide
galvanized
octagonal
3mm
thick
9-‐meter
long
poles
with
150-‐watt
street
light
luminaries
and
HDPE
(DWC)
63/50mm
pipes
for
laying
conductors.
The
cost
has
been
calculated
at
20lacs
per
km
with
a
total
estimated
cost
to
provide
streetlights
at
16,54,87,520.00.
f. Housing
Requirements
for
housing
have
been
estimated
for
all
settlements
in
Ludhiana
and
are
provided
in
the
following
table.
Total
number
of
semi
pucca
constructions
that
would
require
upgrading
is
given
in
the
following
table.
There
are
also
nearly
10000
renter
households
that
shall
also
be
provided
access
to
housing
under
the
housing
programme
through
non-‐subsidised,
rental
or
hire-‐purchase
housing,
especially
as
most
renter
are
likely
to
be
poorer
than
the
land
lords
and
or
new
migrants
to
the
city.
Kuchha
and
Houses
to
be
Pucca
houses
Dilapidated
Houses
for
renter
Semi
Pucca
resettled
without
Houses
families
houses
to
be
toilets
upgraded
in-‐situ
development
80
Ø Cost
of
Housing
The
average
cost
of
housing
developed
in
Ludhiana
under
BSUP
for
2-‐bedroom
flats
with
a
kitchen,
toilet,
and
bath
is
Rs.3
lakhs
and
there
has
been
no
element
of
cost
or
interest
subsidy.
At
current
rates,
the
average
cost
of
construction
is
approximately
Rs.1200per
sq.
foot.
Accordingly
the
cost
of
construction
for
a
single
dwelling
unit
of
size
250
sq.
ft.
with
a
toilet,
bath
and
kitchen
without
cost
of
land
would
be
Rs.300000.
Ø Cost
of
Land
for
Housing
In-‐situ
Upgrading:
In-‐situ
up
grading,
where
people
already
own
land,
shall
have
no
land
costs.
However,
bringing
in
services
to
the
area
shall
require
funds.
The
lowest
prevailing
cost
of
land
development
in
Ludhiana
is
Rs.6000
per
sq.
meter,
which
has
been
applied.
Relocation:
Land
procurement
costs
for
a
30
sq.
meter
plot
is
estimated
at
Rs.150000
while
total
cost
of
construction
of
a
30
sq
meter
dwelling
unit
at
current
price
is
estimated
to
be
Rs.300000,
@
Rs.12000/-‐
per
sq.
meter.
Thus
the
total
cost
of
a
dwelling
unit
of
30
sq.
meters
with
land
procurement
and
built
in
single-‐storey
construction
would
be
an
estimated
Rs.
4.5
lakh.
To
make
housing
affordable
without
compromising
the
housing
quality
and
structural
safety,
it
can
be
developed
in
multi-‐level
structures
to
lower
land
costs.
The
city’s
Byelaws
permit
construction
of
ground
plus
three
or
four
storey
constructions.
For
4-‐
storeyed
flats,
the
shared
land
costs
would
reduce
from
Rs.150000/-‐for
a
single-‐storey
building
to
Rs.37500
per
unit
and
the
cost
of
a
flat
would
be
Rs.337500
each.
If
the
city
decides
to
increase
the
numbers
of
storeys
for
EWS
and
RAY
housing
to
6-‐stories,
the
shared
land
costs
would
drop
further
to
Rs.25000
per
unit,
bringing
down
the
cost
of
house
to
Rs.325000
each.
81
82
83
11.
Funding
Slum
Development
by
MCL
This
section
discusses
how
the
city
shall
provide
its
share
of
funds
and
suggestions
for
gap
funding
envisaged
through
contribution
of
other
agencies
such
or
the
Self-‐Owned
sector.
The
total
investment
expected
of
MCL
and
Punjab
Government
is
Rs
271
Crore.
Centre
should
fund
305
Crores.
A
review
of
the
finances
of
MCL
(see
section
6)
suggests
that
the
city
has
no
annual
budget
for
slum
improvement.
However
it
should
mobilize
the
unutilized
amount
under
BSUP
to
fund
part
of
Ray
housing.
The
city
will
need
to
raise
funds
to
meet
the
vision
of
this
Plan.
Table
5.2:
Expected
Share
of
Investment
by
Centre,
State
and
MCL
Component
Quantity
State/ULB
Beneficiary
Centre
PPP
Amount
Services
50%
50%
265.6
upgrading
132.8
132.8
In-‐situ
40%
10%
50%
204.1
housing
development
6804
81.65
20.41
102.1
Relocation
4700
40%
10%
50%
141
housing
56.4
14.1
70.5
New
Housing
11500
100%
345
–
Flats
DUs
345
New
Housing
26500
100%
662.5
–
Rental
DUs
662.5
Total
232.55
34.51
305.4
1007.5
1618.2
84
6. Implementation
Plan
Phasing
of
Interventions
by
Prioritization
of
Slums
Slum
upgrading
in
the
city
shall
be
implemented
in
a
phased
manner.
Based
on
the
prioritization
matrix
the
phasing
and
proposed
intervention
strategy
has
been
determined.
Phase
1
Slums
shall
include:
Ø Tenable
Ø Less
vulnerable
slums
Ø All
slums
with
clear
property
titles,
Ø Slums
that
are
mostly
upgraded
under
various
development
schemes
and
can
be
fully
upgraded
and
de-‐notified,
Ø Slums
with
easy
access
to
trunk
infrastructure
and
technical
feasibility
for
connecting
to
main
trunk
lines,
and
Ø Slums
with
strong
community
groups
ready
to
partner
in
the
process
of
slum
development,
and
Ø Semi
tenable/untenable
Ø Most
vulnerable
Ø Slums
to
be
relocated
(on
Central
Government
-‐
Railway/Defence
lands)
Phase
2
Slums
shall
include:
Ø Tenable
Ø More
Vulnerable
Slums
Ø All
slums
with
de
facto
property
titles
that
need
to
be
regularised
Ø All
slums
which
need
expansion
of
city
basic
infrastructure
Ø Semi
tenable
Ø Slums
including
vehdas
not
conforming
to
City
Master
Plan
Ø Slums
located
on
State
Government
lands
Ø Slums
to
be
redeveloped/relocated/resettled
Phase
3
Slums
shall
cover:
Ø Tenable
Ø All
slums
with
technical
difficulties
to
connect
to
trunk
infrastructure
and
can
only
be
served
by
decentralized
/dedicated
systems
such
as
in
the
peri-‐urban,
and
Ø Slums
not
covered
in
the
above
phases
due
to
various
socio-‐political
reasons
Ø Semi
tenable
Ø Slums
to
be
redeveloped/relocated/resettled
85
Table
11:
Phasing
of
slums
as
per
the
development
option
Sl
No
Phase
Land
Development
Element
Tenability
No
of
Status
Options
Slums
1
Phase
I
Public
In-‐Situ
Upgrading
in-‐Situ
Housing
and
Tenable
6
(2015-‐ Infrastructure
2020)
Mixed
In-‐situ
site
Restructuring
of
Plots
Semi
34
Redevelopment
and
in-‐slum
basic
tenable/
(FSI
and
PPP
Model
services
Untenable
to
be
opted)
Total
40
Self
2
Phase
II
Self-‐ In-‐Situ
Upgrading
Upgradation
of
Tenable
45
(2020-‐ owned
houses
with
provision
2022)
of
basic
services
Public
Relocation
Relocated
housing
+
Untenable
18
(PPP
Model
to
be
services
(To
be
opted)
covered
under
existing
housing
scheme
underway
in
the
city)
Self-‐ In-‐Situ
Upgrading/
Relocated/
In-‐Situ
Semi
14
owned
Relocation
Housing
and
tenable/
Infrastructure
Untenable
TOTAL
77
3
Phase
Self-‐ In-‐Situ
Upgradation
Upgradation
of
Tenable
49
III
Owned
houses
with
provision
(2022-‐ of
basic
services
2025)
Self-‐ Redevelopment/
Redevelopment/
Tenable
16
Owned
Relocation
relocation
(Site
and
services
/
housing
with
Infrastructure)
TOTAL
65
Grand
Total
182*
*The
list
of
slums
under
different
Phases
is
annexed.
86
Lacs
clear
that
the
city
has
no
annual
budget
2000
for
slum
development
works.
The
corpus
MCL
1000
is
dying
and
MCL
needs
to
generate
corpus
more
resources
and
check
its
expenses.
0
MCL
must
also
allocate
a
designated
sum
2012-‐13
2013-‐14
of
27.8
cr.
out
of
its
resources
every
year
Year
to
be
able
to
meet
the
vision
of
this
Plan.
200000
Income
131537
150000
Expenditure
Lacs
77816
100000
2012-‐13
Linear
(Income)
2014-‐15
130779
40742.91
Linear
50000
76438
(Expenditure)
37633.01
0
Year
Exhibit
66:
Income
Expenditure
Pattern
of
MCL,
Year
2012-‐14
6.3 Resource Funding to meet the vision of SFCPoA, Ludhiana
a. CSR
Funds
Leveraging
CSR
Funding
in
Public-‐Self-‐Owned
Partnerships:
MCL
can
leverage
Approximately
Rs
300
crore
annually
from
CSR
(see
note
on
CSR).
Under
CSR,
the
city
can
put
up
upgrading
projects
that
corporates
can
offer
to
support
or
contribute
to
a
city
slum
fund.
87
A
brief
note
on
Corporate
Social
Responsibility
for
Ludhiana
Corporate
Social
Responsibility
or
CSR
is
essentially
a
form
of
corporate
self-‐regulation
integrated
into
a
business
model.
Over
time
in
India
it
is
has
transformed
from
corporations’
implementing
businesses
with
social
responsibility
to
businesses
contributing
resources
to
bring
about
an
overall
positive
impact
on
the
communities,
cultures,
societies
and
environments
in
which
they
operate
and
that
not
only
state
but
corporates
too
should
be
responsible
for
addressing
social
issues,
especially
as
the
growth
of
an
industry
impacts
the
environment
and
people
that
work
in
it.
The
Ministry
of
Corporate
Affairs
(MCA)
had
in
2009,
introduced
the
concept
of
voluntary
contribution
under
its
Corporate
Social
Responsibility
Voluntary
Guidelines.
In
2013,
these
guidelines
have
been
incorporated
within
the
Companies
Act
and
have
obtained
legal
sanctity.
The
Act
provides
that
every
company
having
a
net
worth
of
500
crore
INR,
or
m ore
or
a
turnover
of
1000
crore
INR
or
more,
or
a
net
profit
of
five
crore
INR
or
m ore,
during
any
financial
year
must
spend
part
of
its
profits
for
social
development.
Companies
that
have
been
earning
a
profit
of
Rs.5crore
annually
for
3
years
must
constitute
a
corporate
social
responsibility
committee
from
the
board
and
mandatorily
spend
a
minimum
2%
of
their
average
profits
on
CSR
related
activities.
The
CSR
committee
is
to
comprise
three
or
m ore
directors
from
the
Board,
out
of
which,
at
least
one
should
be
an
independent
director
and
to
report
its
constitution
in
the
annual
report.
The
CSR
committee
is
required
to
formulate
the
policy,
which
could
cover
a
range
of
activities
such
as
slum
development,
eradicating
extreme
hunger
and
poverty,
promotion
of
education,
promoting
gender
equality
and
empowering
women,
reducing
child
mortality
and
improving
maternal
health,
combating
diseases,
ensuring
environmental
sustainability,
employment
enhancing
vocational
skills,
social
business
projects
and/or
contribute
to
the
Prime
Minister’s
national
relief
fund
or
any
other
fund
set-‐up
by
the
central
or
state
governments
for
socio-‐economic
development,
relief,
welfare
of
the
scheduled
castes
and
tribes,
other
backward
classes,
minorities
and
women
etc.
For
now,
corporate
houses
are
in
the
process
of
comprehensively
integrating
the
concept
throughout
their
business
operations
and
processes
and
to
identify
niche
sectors
for
investments
that
will
protect
their
goodwill
and
reputation
and
defend
business
competitiveness.
Companies
are
setting
aside
budgets
to
fund
development
projects
in
various
sectors
of
education,
environment,
healthcare
etc. Corporates
are
also
increasingly
joining
hands
with
Non-‐
governmental
organizations
(NGOs)
and
using
their
expertise
in
devising
programs,
which
address
wider
social
problems
–
making
a
major
shift
from
defensive,
charitable
and
promotional
CSR
to
strategic
and
transformative
investments
designed
to
tackle
the
root
cause
of
inequality
and
unsustainability.
Industrial
Profile
Of
Ludhiana:
Ludhiana
is
a
hub
of
industry.
A ccording
to
a
Brief
Industrial
Profile
of
District
Ludhiana
published
by
the
Government
of
India
in
the
year
2009-‐10,
the
industry
in
the
city
grew
by
Rs.
1183.78
Lakhs
in
production
and
Rs.
705.04
lakhs
increase
in
investment.
It
also
generated
790
persons
employment.
These
figures
suggest
that
Ludhiana
productivity
is
slowing
down.
In
Ludhiana
there
are
116
Large
&
Medium
Scale
Enterprises/PSUs
(Annex.1)
of
which
the
major
exportable
item
industry
sectors
are
given
below.
1.
Textile
Products
2.
Cycle
Parts
3.
Auto
Parts
4.
Hand
Tools
Milk
Products
5.
Agriculture
Implements
6.
Fasteners
7.
Milk
Products
8.
Food
Products
9.
Electronic
Items
10.
Vehicle
Parts
11.
Sewing
Machines
12.Knitting
Machines
13.
Yarns
&
Textiles
14.
Sport
Goods
88
In
addition
to
this
there
are
a
total
of
39091,
Micro
&
Small
Enterprises
and
Artisan
U nits
in
the
District
(Annex.2)
organized
into
the
following
sectors.
1.
Auto
Parts
&Components
2.
Agriculture
Implements
3.
Fasteners
4.
Cycle
parts
5.
Hosiery
Item
6.
Leather
Shoes
7.
Wooden
Furniture
&
Fixtures
8.
Wooden
Electrical
9.
Book
Binding
10.
Generator
Sets
Accessories
11.
Steel
Furniture
12.
Tissue
Paper
Napkins
13.
Pipes
&
Collars
14.
Paint
&
Varnish
15.
Parts
of
Industrial
16.
Tyre
Retreading
17.
Oil
Expellers
Machinery
18.
Building
Hardware
Items
19.
Milk
Products
20.
Confectionery
Items
21.
Rolling
Shutters
22.
Glazed
Tiles
23.
General
Engg
Workshop
24.
Cosmetics
25.
Wires
And
Cables
26.
Rice
&
Dal
Mill
Machinery
27.
Paper
Bags
28.
Packaging
Materials
29.
Cement
Bricks
&
Blocks
30.
Biscuits
And
Bakery
31.
Ice
Cream
&
Ice
Candy
Products
The
service
industry
of
Ludhiana
currently
mainly
caters
to
repair
and
servicing
of
motor
vehicles,
motor
cycles/scooters,
household
goods,
foot
wear
and
leather
goods,
TV,
radio,
refrigerator,
bicycle,
cycle
rickshaws,
watches
&
clocks,
household
electric
items,
agricultural
product,
cold
storage
etc.
It
can
be
organized
into
the
following
divisions:-‐
1.Motor
Vehicle
2.
Cycle
repairing
4.
A gricultural
implements
4.Electrical
Goods
5.
A uto
mobile
repairing
6.
Printing
7.Engineering
Workshops
8.
Computer
Education
9.
Designer
Boutique
10.
Beauty
&
Health
Care
11.
Coaching
Centers
12.
Tiffin
Service
13.
Transportation
14.
Mobile
Repairing
CSR
in
Ludhiana:
A
review
of
the
balance
sheets
of
for
2013
of
Large
Scale
Industries
in
Ludhiana
as
indicated
by
Company
Annual
Reports,
the
following
trends
in
profits
are
evident.
TEXTILE
PRODUCT
INDUSTRIES
PROFIT
PROFIT
PERCENT
CSR
SECTOR
COMPANY
NAME
YEAR
OF
(as
per
balance
(if
any)
REPORT
sheet)
Textile
Industry
Malwa
Industries
2012
Rs.756.25
(in
lac)
1.8%
Yes
Ltd.
Textile
Industry
Shiva
Texyarn
2013
RS.2,229.21
( in
lac)
5.6%
Yes
Limited
Textile
Industry
Oswal
Cotton
2013
Rs.
69,971,716.96
4.5%
Nil
Textile
Industry
Jindal
Cotex
2013
Rs.44,113,014
(in
1.3%
Yes
Limited
lac)
Textile
Industry
SEL
Group
2013
Rs.
1,379,156,071
3.6%
Yes
STEEL
INDUSTRIES
PROFIT
PROFIT
PERCENT
CSR
SECTOR
COMPANY
NAME
YEAR
OF
(as
per
balance
(if
any)
REPORT
sheet)
Steel
Industry
Vallabh
Steels
2013
Rs.1,43,16,949
(in
0.71%
Nil
Limited
lac)
Steel
Industry
LSR
Group
2013
Rs.
5,233,583
Yes
89
90
c. PPP
Arrangements
MCL
can
also
enter
into
PPP
arrangements
in
two
ways.
One
where
Self-‐Owned
builders
construct
flats
on
part
of
the
land,
using
the
remaining
land
to
develop
high-‐income
housing
or
commercial
flats
sold
Self-‐Ownedly
to
finance
the
low-‐income
housing.
Two,
where
the
builder
builds
affordable
houses
on
procured
lands,
and
the
city
creates
an
enabling
environment
for
this
to
happen.
PPP
arrangements
of
the
first
type
shall
work
only
in
core
city
areas
with
high
commercial
prospects
or
with
changes
in
FAR
policies
that
allow
additional
coverage
or
Transfer
of
Development
Rights
(TDRs)
or
tax
incentives
or
land
allotments
at
lower
rates.
In
the
second
scenario,
the
city
can
help
the
Self-‐Owned
builders
with
land
acquisition,
speedier
sanctions
of
projects,
etc.
In
both
models,
houses
shall
be
provided
at
fixed
concessional
rates
or
subsidy
as
provided
under
RAY.
91
92
93
Inclusive:
The
city
recognizes
that
poor,
including
migrants
must
be
included
in
the
city’s
plans
and
be
a
part
of
the
processes
of
city
and
slum,
planning
and
implementation.
Comprehensive:
Plans
for
development
of
the
low-‐income
settlements
shall
be
holistic,
addressing
the
full
breadth
of
needs
of
poor
people
to
bring
about
sustainable
reduction
in
their
poverty.
Economically
Sustainable:
The
city
recognizes
that
migrant
labour
contributes
significantly
to
city’s
growth
and
their
inclusion
is
critical
for
city
growth,
and
that
migrant
workers
shall
be
part
of
city’s
plans
and
included
in
the
processes
of
planning
and
implementation.
Socially
and
Environmentally
Sustainable:
Interventions
for
slum
development
shall
be
socially
and
environmentally
sustainable
so
that
the
city
moves
on
a
path
of
green
growth
with
social
and
environmental
responsibility.
Systems
and
institutions
shall
also
be
strengthened
to
ensure
long-‐term
sustainability
of
the
programme.
a. Housing
Housing
development
shall
follow
two
approaches,
self-‐built
by
people
or
built
by
MCL.
Self-‐
built
housing
shall
happen
mostly
in
the
unauthorized
colonies.
MCL
developed
housing
for
eligible
beneficiaries
shall
be
through,
in-‐situ
redevelopment
or
relocation.
All
kuchha
and
semi-‐pucca
houses
in
unauthorized
settlements
with
proof
of
ownership
shall
be
built
incrementally
and
may
be
self-‐developed
with
technical
support
from
MCL.
Self-‐
built
housing
shall
be
built
incrementally,
customized
on
the
existing
plot/housing
footprint,
where
structurally
sound,
and
shall
build
upon
people’s
investments.
Incremental
housing
will
focus
on
addition
of
toilets,
kitchens,
ventilation,
rainwater
harvesting
structures,
structural
safety
etc.
to
bring
houses
up
to
the
norm.
Incremental
housing
can
happen
slowly
and
through
self-‐financing
based
on
individual
affordability.
Structurally
weak
kuchha
and
semi-‐pucca
houses
in
these
settlements
shall
be
demolished
and
rebuilt
as
pucca
structures,
with
minimum
25
sq.mt
carpet
area
in
ground
or
ground
plus
one
construction
and
with
a
toilet,
bathroom,
kitchen,
water
supply,
power,
proper
ventilation
and
lighting
as
per
RAY
norms.
All
pucca
houses
shall
be
be
built
up
if
smaller
than
25
sq.mt
with
added
toilet
and
water
services.
All
existing
toilets
in
these
houses
shall
be
connected
to
appropriate
discharge
systems
-‐
sewer
line,
shared
or
Self-‐Owned
septic
tank.
MCL
shall
provide
technical
support
to
the
families,
who
shall
be
encouraged
to
self-‐finance
the
upgrading.
MCL
shall
identify
and
accredit
contractors
for
self-‐built
housing,
negotiate
construction
rates
with
them
and
build
their
capacities
in
improved
construction
techniques.
Families
may
choose
from
the
DUDA
accredited
contractors
or
pick
their
own
contractors
or
even
build
by
themselves
as
many
among
the
poor
work
in
the
construction
sector
as
masons,
plumbers
etc.
94
2
1
3
Innovative
and
Sustainable
Construction
Techniques
1-‐
Bamboo
reinforced
concrete
roof
slab
2-‐
Clay
pots
filler
slabs
3-‐
Bamboo
beams
New
housing
must
ensure
poor
people
are
not
unnecessarily
indebted
in
paying
their
share.
For
the
very
poor
with
low
affordability
or
credit
worthiness,
housing
can
be
developed
incrementally
–
by
first
adding
the
toilets
and
water
connections
followed
by
pucca
construction
and
space
expansion.
Repayments
of
people’s
share
of
housing
shall
be
supported
through
housing
finance
and
amortised
over
a
10-‐year
period.
Construction
of
houses
in
the
incremental
housing
plan
shall
be
the
responsibility
of
the
family
with
technical
and
financial
support
from
MCL.
b. Water
Supply
All
slum
households
shall
have
a
tap
at
home,
as
legal,
in-‐house
connection,
irrespective
of
the
land
tenure
status
of
the
settlement
or
house
ownership.
This
will
be
managed
through;
a.
extension
of
pipelines
inside
settlement
networked
with
municipal
water
supply
infrastructure.
Over
time
community
and
shared
stand
posts
shall
be
disconnected;
b.
developing
decentralized
systems
such
as
water
treatment
plants
treating
ground
water
and
linked
to
storage
and
small-‐scale
in-‐slum
pipeline
systems,
where
water
pipelines
are
at
a
distance
or
where
upgrading
plans
may
take
a
while;
c.
de-‐linking
land
tenure
from
water
service
provision
for
squatter
settlements
and
vehdas
on
payment
basis
by
the
Self-‐Owned
land
owner
and
with
appropriate
byelaws
to
ensure
compliance,
and
d.
raising
the
norms
for
water
supply
–
quantity
and
quality
-‐
and
making
these
equal
to
formal
areas.
Slums
shall
be
part
of
the
water
supply
plans
of
the
city
to
ensure
inclusion.
Households
shall
pay
for
the
home
tap
connections
with
appropriate
subsidies
and
micro
finance
assistance
to
enable
lump
sum
payment
for
the
connection.
95
Water
supplied
shall
be
of
good
and
reliable
quality;
potable,
with
appropriate
pressure,
timings
and
duration
of
supply
to
ensure
all
households
get
regular
and
dependable
supplies.
This
shall
enable
people,
especially
women,
to
be
more
productive.
Decentralized
systems
shall
be
planned,
operated
and
managed
in
partnership
with
the
communities.
They
shall
be
developed
as
community
enterprises
to
help
generate
incomes
for
the
poor.
Capital
costs
for
these
systems
shall
be
invested
under
RAY.
Such
systems
shall
however,
be
interim
solutions
and
phased
out
once
regular
network
supplies
start/resume.
Non-‐functional
hand
pumps/bore
wells
shall
be
repaired
and
operationalization
of
the
existing
water
infrastructure
in
the
settlements
(pipelines,
taps,
tap
bases
etc.).
Services
shall
be
ramped
up
to
meet
norms
or
demand
till
water
services
to
homes
happen.
MCL
shall
work
with
communities
to
develop
rainwater
harvesting
and
groundwater
recharge
systems
in
the
settlements
to
create
a
culture
of
water
conservation
and
reduce
groundwater
pollution.
Exhibit
67:
Decentralized
and
Local
Solutions
for
Water
Water
supply
shall
be
metered
as
in
the
rest
of
the
city.
Payment
of
water
use
is
important
for
the
financial
health
of
the
utility.
Lifeline/fixed
tariff
payments
shall
ensure
affordability
among
the
poor
who
are
also
in
desperate
need
for
good
quality,
easily
accessible
water
to
ensure
good
health
and
productivity.
Groundwater
extraction
shall
be
regulated
as
per
city
rules,
especially
in
areas
where
municipal
supply
becomes
functional.
Operations
and
Maintenance
(O&M)
of
the
network
infrastructure
shall
be
a
critical
part
of
the
overall
service
delivery
plan.
MCL
shall
prepare
O&M
plans
for
the
city,
ward/zone
and
slum
levels.
A
water
and
leakage
audit
undertaken
by
the
community
shall
be
overlaid
onto
the
slum
GIS-‐MIS
to
enable
MCL
to
fix
leakages
and
provide
the
annual
resources
for
maintenance.
Local
plumbers
could
be
enlisted
for
emergency/small
repair
jobs.
With
proper
training
this
can
serve
to
generate
work
for
the
poor.
Community
Water
Committees
shall
be
mobilized
in
each
settlement
and
federated
at
the
zone/ward
level.
Besides
periodic
water
and
leakage
audits
they
shall
be
responsible
for
making
routine
checks
for
monitoring
infrastructure
quality,
list
people’s
complaints
and
inform
MCL.
They
shall
report
achievements
to
the
utility
on
repairs
carried
out.
The
Community
Water
Committees
shall
be
trained
to
maintain
a
record
of
complaints
and
achievements.
Rainwater
Harvesting
and
Ground
Water
Recharging
Systems
shall
be
built
in
all
settlements
and
in
all
houses,
especially
where
groundwater
supplies
are
being
provided.
Water
Committees
in
the
settlements
shall
plan
and
oversee
these.
It
shall
also
work
on
reducing
water
wastage
in
the
area.
96
c. Sanitation
Services
The
overarching
goal
of
slum
sanitation
is
to
ensure
clean
and
healthy
living
environments
in
low-‐income
settlements.
Sanitation
services
to
slums
shall
be
comprehensive
and
aimed
at
making
Ludhiana
a
healthy
and
open
defecation
free
city
as
per
Swatch
Bharat
Abhiyaan.
They
shall
include
the
entire
bundle
of
sanitation
services;
toilets,
wastewater
and
solid
waste.
Sanitation
plans
for
slums
shall
be
integrated
with
the
Sanitation
and
Sewerage
Plan
to
synergize
the
two
plans
and
network
slums
with
proposed
trunk
systems.
Ø Toilets
Toilets
for
All:
Under
L-‐SFCPOA,
Ludhiana
shall
shift
from
common
toilets
in
slums
to
household
toilets.
Slums
proposed
for
in-‐situ
upgrading
shall
ensure
toilets
at
home
for
all,
both
in
houses
under
up-‐gradation
and
in
existing
pucca
structures.
Those
to
be
relocated
shall
have
home
toilets
as
prescribed
under
RAY.
Toilets
shall
be
linked
to
appropriate
in-‐slum
sanitation
infrastructure
for
conveying
toilet
discharge
such
as
simplified
sewer
lines,
shared
or
individual
septic
tanks
and
other
decenralized
systems
as
part
of
the
in-‐situ
upgrading
plan.
Exhibit
68:
Household
Toilets
in
Slums
Home
toilets
in
in-‐situ
development
shall
be
customised
to
house
spaces,
sanitation
infrastructure
and
affordability.
Access
to
financial
subsidies
shall
be
provided
under
Toilet
Schemes
such
as
Swatch
Bharat
Abhiyan/as
applicable.
Besides,
toilet
microfinance
systems
shall
be
developed,
linked
to
affordability/demand
and
in
partnership
with
microfinance
agencies.
Ludhiana
shall
also
capitalize
a
Community
Credit
Fund
from
the
RAY
grant
to
provide
access
to
toilet
microfinance.
MCL
shall
develop
a
list
of
toilet
entrepreneurs
(manufacturers
of
pans,
septic
tanks,
petty
contractors)
shall
be
identified
and
train
them
for
turnkey
toilet
making
services
to
individual
households
to
ensure
engineering
soundness.
Clean
and
functional
toilets
shall
be
enabled
in
vehdas
by
extending
public
infrastructure
in
the
areas
and
laying
down
building
byelaws
for
vehdas.
Shared,
community
or
mobile
toilets
shall
be
provided
in
transition
sites
for
households
under
resettlement.
The
toilet
type
shall
be
based
on
people’s
choice,
likely
length
of
stay
in
the
transition
site,
available
space.
Shared
or
community
toilets
shall
be
provided
as
interim
solutions
in
settlements
that
are
far
from
trunk
lines
or
lack
space
and
where
people
are
too
poor
to
invest
in
home
toilets.
All
community/shared
toilets
shall
have
community
management
systems
where
a
community
committee
shall
be
responsible
for
the
O&M
and
user
fee
collection.
97
Ø Sewerage
Management
No
toilet
shall
be
allowed
to
discharge
directly
into
drains.
Poor
quality
septic
tanks
in
houses
with
toilets
shall
be
improved
and/or
connected
to
sewer
lines
under
in-‐situ
development
plan
to
reduce
their
negative
impacts
on
the
environment.
Discharge
from
Vehdas
will
also
be
intercepted
and
diverted
to
the
nearest
drain,
sewer
line,
Sewage
Pumping
Station
or
STP.
Exhibit
69:
A
Decentralised
Sewage
Treatment
System
Ø Drains
Drains
in
all
slums
shall
be
pucca
and
covered,
with
perforations
to
provide
for
cleaning.
These
shall
also
have
proper
gradients
and
in
all
cases
linked
to
outfall
points
to
ensure
interception
and
diversion
of
wastewater
to
STPs.
Drain
covers
would
be
perforated
to
allow
surface
run
off
into
the
drains.
Covered
drains
shall
prevent
disposal
of
solid
waste
in
drains
and
chocking.
These
shall
also
improve
cleanliness
of
these
areas.
There
are
327677
metres
kuchha
drains
in
the
slums
that
need
to
be
made
pucca
and
all
drains
(487178
meters)
shall
be
covered.
Veda
drains
shall
have
proper
specifications
to
ensure
their
environment
remains
clean
and
healthy.
These
shall
be
linked
to
the
expanded
public
infrastructure
or
DEWATS.
Ø Wastewater
Treatment
Systems
All
black
and
grey
water
from
toilets
and
households
shall
be
channelized
to
flow
into
sewage
treatment
systems.
Where
main
trunk
sewers
are
not
available
or
technically
possible
to
build,
Decentralized
Waste
Water
Systems
(DEWATS)
may
be
developed
as
ones
built
by
CURE
in
Agra
and
Delhi.
Decentralised
Waste
Water
treatment
System
(DEWAT)
98
Ø Solid
Waste
Management
Solid
waste
collection
services
shall
be
expanded
to
cover
all
slums,
low-‐income
settlements
and
vehdas
in
Ludhiana.
This
shall
include
a
door-‐to-‐door
waste
collection
service
operated
by
the
community
and
linked
to
Self-‐Owned
service
provider.
Community
systems
for
waste
management
i.e.
recycling,
composting
and
disposal
of
non-‐
biodegradable
waste
shall
be
encouraged
with
support
of
NGOs
and
planned
as
livelihood
enterprises
to
enable
communities
to
generate
income.
Ø Roads
and
Transport
Connecting
low-‐income
settlements
to
appropriate
road
and
transport
systems
is
critical
for
improving
their
mobility
and
productivity.
Road
and
in-‐slum
streets
shall
be
improved
by
relaying
and
reconstruction
where
needed.
All
kuccha
and
semi
pucca,
in-‐slum
roads
shall
be
upgraded
to
pucca
roads
in
cement
concrete
or
paved
pathways
as
per
MCL
norms.
The
road
construction
will
also
include
repair/reconstruction
of
the
approach
roads.
Access
roads
to
Vehdas
shall
also
be
laid.
Relaying
or
laying
of
new
road/streets
will
be
done
with
proper
levelling
and
appropriate
sloping
to
the
side
drains.
Transport
linkages
shall
be
provided
to
the
nearest
point
and
planned
to
connect
slum
areas
to
the
city’s
industrial/commercial
areas.
MCL
shall
work
with
the
transport
department
to
plan
the
linkages.
Ø Power
Supply
and
Street
Lights
A
Self-‐Owned
power
distribution
company
is
increasingly
connecting
slum
households
to
metered
power
supply.
MCL
shall
work
with
the
Self-‐Owned
distributor
to
ensure
all
slum
households
are
covered
with
legal
power
supply
at
appropriate
rates.
The
effort
will
be
to
build
shorter
billing
cycles
that
correspond
with
people’s
earnings
and
ability
to
pay.
MCL
shall
create
awareness
on
power
saving
and
monitor
the
complaints
redressal
system
for
faulty/fast
meters,
billing
inaccuracies,
disconnection
etc.
Streetlights
in
slums
shall
be
made
functional,
new
ones
shall
be
added
where
required
as
per
norms.
MCL
shall
make
available
ground
level
information
on
dysfunctional
or
inadequate
numbers
to
the
company.
All
approach
roads
to
slums
shall
also
have
streetlights
for
safety
purposes.
Community
toilets
in
slums
shall
also
be
provided
with
lights/streetlights
on
access
pathways.
99
Many
also
work
out
of
homes
in
home-‐based
activities
etc.
Livelihoods
initiative
for
poor
in
Ludhiana
shall
focus
primarily
on
up-‐skilling,
connecting
poor
to
formal,
regular-‐wage
employment
and
linked
enterprise
development
for
sustainable
poverty
reduction.
It
shall
be
synergized
with
the
National
Urban
Livelihoods
Mission
(NULM)
of
the
Government
of
India.
Its
particular
focus
shall
be
on
promoting
livelihoods
among
the
poorest
and
the
usually
excluded
groups
within
slum
communities.
Livelihoods
promoted
through
the
development
of
enterprises
(micro,
small
and
medium)
shall
identify
products
and
services
required
by
the
industry.
Entrepreneurship
shall
be
supported
with
skilling,
market
linkages,
product
design,
business
management,
licences,
and
access
to
finance
with
help
of
micro
finance
agencies.
Up-‐skilling
shall
include
training
in
skills
for
employment
in
the
existing
industries
and
with
linkages
to
formal
/regular
wage
employment.
This
shall
be
undertaken
in
partnership
with
the
corporate
sector.
New
housing
plans
shall
have
earmarked
spaces
for
livelihood
enterprises.
This
shall
include;
a.
housing
designs
to
enable
people
to
work
out
of
homes,
store
raw
material
and
finished
products;
b.
spaces
in
slums
for
enterprises/work
such
as
for
fabricating
products,
composting
pits,
recycling
material,
etc.;
c.
vending
spaces
such
as
shops,
stalls,
pavements
etc.;
d.
spaces
for
parking
carts,
rickshaws,
ramps
etc.;
and
e.
access
to
power
supply
at
domestic
rates;
MCL
shall
prepare
a
City
Plan
for
Street
Vendors
as
per
requirement,
map
spaces
used
for
vending,
weekly
markets,
construction
worker
chowks,
etc.
MCL
shall
also
identify
new
commercially
viable
vending
sites
such
as
along
the
transport
corridors
and
stations
and
set
up
registration
centres
at
the
Zone
level
to
register
existing/new
vendors,
carts
etc.
to
make
vending
hassle
free.
These
spaces
shall
be
equipped
with
basic
facilities
of
toilets,
bathing
areas,
water,
night
shelters,
parking
etc.
100
101
ANNEXURES
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
Municipal
Sewer
piped
Approach
Inner
Government
Name
Basti
B.P.L.
line
water
Road
road
hospital
Government
S.no.
Code
HHS
HHS
Network
network
Drain
Condition
Condition
CTC
(km)
school
(km)
27
Bharpoor
Nagar
7.003
200
70
0
0.5
0
Kuchha
0
0
6
4
28
Bhola
Colony
7.004
180
30
0.7
0.8
0
Pucca
0
0
6
4
29
Charan
Nagar
7.005
270
70
0.7
0.8
0
Pucca
0
0
6
4
32
Gopal
Nagar
part
1
7.008
60
30
0.9
0.85
0
Kuchha
0
0
6
4
33
Grewal
Colony
7.009
250
60
0.7
0.7
0
Kuchha
0
0
8
5
34
Heera
Vihar
7.01
300
30
0.8
0.9
0
Kuchha
0
0
7
3
35
Jagdish
pura
7.011
280
40
0.8
0.9
0
Pucca
0
0
4
3
36
Jai
Shakti
Nagar
7.012
200
60
0.75
0.7
0
Kuchha
0
0
7
4
37
Mahatma
Enclave
7.013
320
100
1
1
0
kucca
0
8
4
38
Manjit
Nagar
7.014
160
30
0.9
0.6
0
Pucca
0
0
5
4
40
National
Colony
7.016
180
60
0.8
0.4
0
Kuchha
0
0
6
3
41
New
Puneet
Nagar
7.017
1000
200
0.4
0.8
0
Kuchha
100
0
3
3
42
New
Vijay
Nagar
7.018
110
18
0.8
0.85
0
Pucca
0
0
5
4
43
Preet
Nagar
7.019
520
120
0.6
0.8
0
Pucca
0
0
3
3
44
Prem
Vihar
7.02
980
180
0.6
0.55
0
Kuchha
0
0
7
4
45
Puneet
Nagar
7.021
100
10
0.9
0.9
0
Pucca
70
0
7
2
Raju
Colony
+
New
Raju
7.022
46
Colony
400
40
0.9
0.8
0
Kuchha
0
0
7
4
51
Shiv
Shanker
Nagar
7.027
180
90
0.8
0.65
0
Kuchha
0
0
6
4
52
Star
City
7.028
600
100
0.7
0.8
0
Pucca
0
0
6
4
53
Sukhdev
Nagar
7.029
300
40
0.25
0.65
0
Kuchha
30
0
5
3
54
Swatantra
Nagar
7.03
450
200
0.2
0.3
0
Kuchha
0
0
6
4
55
Vijay
Nagar
7.031
150
40
0.9
0.85
0
Pucca
0
0
6
2
113
Municipal
Sewer
piped
Approach
Inner
Government
Name
Basti
B.P.L.
line
water
Road
road
hospital
Government
S.no.
Code
HHS
HHS
Network
network
Drain
Condition
Condition
CTC
(km)
school
(km)
56
Zuneja
Colony
7.032
160
20
0.9
0.9
0
Kuchha
0
0
6
4
57
Bihari
Colony
8.001
206
200
0
0.2
0.6
pucca
0
0
5
2
58
Gopal
Nagar
p-‐2
8.002
270
70
0.5
0
0
kucca
0
0
7
3
59
Karamsar
Colony
part
8.003
300
50
0.5
1
0
pucca
100
0
5
2
60
New
Subhash
Nagar
8.004
1300
70
0.7
0.7
0
Pucca
70
0
4
1
61
New
Zuneja
Colony
8.005
100
40
0
0
0
kucca
0
0
8
3
62
Rishi
Nagar
8.006
320
20
0.7
0.7
0
Kuchha
0
0
6
6
63
Simarjit
Nagar
8.007
80
15
0.9
0.85
0
Pucca
0
0
8
6
69
Jiwan
Nagar
13.003
450
70
0.85
0.8
0
Pucca
70
0
6
3
71
Balla
Colony
14.001
250
40
0.7
0.7
0
Pucca
0
0
3
3
74
Deep
Colony
14.004
200
20
0.7
0.9
0
kucca
0
0
4
4
78
Gupta
Colony
14.008
100
20
0.8
0.8
0
Pucca
0
0
6
2
82
Jagdish
Colony
14.012
120
30
0.7
0.6
0
Pucca
0
0
3
3
86
New
Durga
Colony
14.016
150
30
0
0
0
kuchha
0
0
5
5
87
Pal
Colony
14.017
140
70
0
0
0
kucca
0
0
8
0.2
88
Prem
Nagar
14.018
700
200
0.2
0.7
0
Pucca
0
0
4
3
93
Shiv
Colony
14.023
250
100
0.7
0.7
0
Kuchha
0
0
4
3
95
vishwakarma
Colony
14.025
80
30
0.7
0.75
0
Kuchha
0
0
5
3
98
Moti
Nagar
15.002
1200
20
1
1
0
pucca
100
0
3
3
104
Ranjit
Nagar
16.006
150
15
1
1
0.5
pucca
100
0
5
1
105
Bihari
Colony
17.001
380
380
0
0.2
0
pucca
0
1
5
3
118
Guru
Naam
Nagar
26.002
250
150
0.4
0.5
0
Pucca
0
0
5
5
120
Jwala
Singh
Nagar
26.004
230
100
0.6
0.6
0
Pucca
0
0
3
2
114
Municipal
Sewer
piped
Approach
Inner
Government
Name
Basti
B.P.L.
line
water
Road
road
hospital
Government
S.no.
Code
HHS
HHS
Network
network
Drain
Condition
Condition
CTC
(km)
school
(km)
121
Rajori
Garden
26.005
100
20
0.7
0.8
0
Kuchha
0
0
5
3
122
Sunil
Nagar/Surendra
park
26.006
500
350
0.3
0.5
0
Pucca
0
0
5
5
123
Swati
Nagar
26.007
200
80
0.2
0.2
0
Kuchha
0
0
5
5
125
Bhagwati
Vihar
27.001
130
130
1
1
0
kucca
0
0
6
3
132
Jawan
Vihar
31.003
300
50
1
0.7
0
Pucca
0
0
4
2
133
Nidan
Singh
Nagar
31.004
500
100
0.7
0.7
0
Pucca
0
0
5
3
134
Pritam
Nagar
31.005
400
40
0.8
0.75
0
Pucca
30
0
4
2
136
New
Valmiki
Nagar
32.001
150
45
0
0.5
1
Pucca
0
0
2
2
139
Jasal
House
(Jagraon
Bridge)
36.001
45
45
1
1
0
Pucca
100
0
2
2
141
New
Kartar
Nagar
45.001
25
18
0.9
0.9
0
Pucca
100
0
4
1
142
Preet
Nagar
45.002
80
10
0.9
0.9
0
Pucca
0
0
3
3
143
Fauzi
Mohalla
46.001
50
40
1
0.9
0
Pucca
0
0
5
1
153
Dairy
complex
p-‐1
55.002
90
50
0
0
0
Kuchha
0
0
4
2
154
Dairy
complex
p-‐2
55.003
50
70
0
0
0
Pucca
0
0
4
2
157
Barewal
awana
58.001
300
150
1
1
0
pucca
100
0
5
3
158
Fatahpur
awana
58.002
100
70
1
1
0
pucca
100
0
5
3
163
Shyam
Nagar
59.005
40
40
0
0
0
Pucca
0
0
3
3
169
Guru
Gobind
Singh
Nagar
62.002
230
92
0
0.8
0
Kuchha
0
0
6
3
171
Ishwar
Nagar
D-‐block
62.004
50
50
0
0.8
0
pucca
0
0
5
2
173
Shaheed
Sukhdev
Nagar
64.002
250
40
0.8
0.8
0
Kuchha
0
0
5
3
177
Millitary
Camp
71.001
45
30
0
0.3
0
Pucca
0
0
5
2
178
Gaspur
Khal
72.001
110
60
0.45
0.6
0
Pucca
0
0
3
1.5
179
Adarsh
Nagar
73.001
150
20
1
0.9
0
Pucca
0
0
6
2
115
Municipal
Sewer
piped
Approach
Inner
Government
Name
Basti
B.P.L.
line
water
Road
road
hospital
Government
S.no.
Code
HHS
HHS
Network
network
Drain
Condition
Condition
CTC
(km)
school
(km)
180
Ajit
Nagar
73.002
350
20
0.8
0.7
0
Pucca
0
0
7
2
181
Gagan
Nagar
73.003
300
40
1
1
0
Pucca
100
0
6
3
182
Gill
Colony
73.004
600
100
0.8
0.85
0
Pucca
0
0
6
1
183
Gurmail
Nagar
73.005
700
120
0.75
0.8
0
Pucca
0
0
5
3
184
Guru
Nanak
Nagar
73.006
800
20
0.9
0.9
0
Pucca
100
0
3
3
185
Guru
Vachan
Colony
73.007
220
100
1
1
0
kucca
0
0
5
3
186
Gyan
Chandra
Nagar
73.008
400
150
0.5
0.5
0
Pucca
0
0
6
3
188
New
Ram
Nagar
73.01
90
50
1
1
0
kucca
0
0
6
3
189
Pakhar
Colony
73.011
80
20
0.9
0.9
0
Pucca
0
0
5
3
191
Sundar
Nagar
73.013
300
100
0.8
0.8
0
Pucca
0
0
6
3
193
Harpal
Nagar
74.002
80
10
0
0
0
Pucca
0
0
7
2
194
Jaspal
Nagar
74.003
150
45
0
0
0
Kuchha
0
0
5
5
195
Keshav
Nagar
74.004
150
30
0.5
0.5
0
Pucca
0
0
7
3
196
Kunti
Nagar
74.005
120
50
0.5
0
0
Pucca
0
0
9
4
197
Maha
laxmi
Nagar
74.006
260
60
0.9
0.9
0
Pucca
100
0
7
3
198
Mahadev
Nagar
74.007
640
100
0.4
0.2
0
Kuchha
0
0
7
4
199
Mahendra
Nagar
74.008
300
80
0.8
0.7
0
Pucca
100
0
7
2
200
New
Mahadev
Nagar
74.009
120
50
0.5
0.8
0
pucca
0
0
6
3
201
Prem
Nagar
74.01
1100
30
0.8
0.8
0
Pucca
0
0
7
3
202
Samrat
Colony
74.011
2450
200
0.7
0.7
0.4
Pucca
50
0
5
3
203
Satguru
Nagar
74.012
350
105
0.3
0
0
Kuchha
0
0
7
5
204
Shiv
Mandir
Colony
74.013
100
50
0.8
0.5
0
Kuchha
30
0
7
7
205
Surjit
Nagar
74.014
1240
15
0.95
0.95
0
Pucca
70
0
7
3
116
Municipal
Sewer
piped
Approach
Inner
Government
Name
Basti
B.P.L.
line
water
Road
road
hospital
Government
S.no.
Code
HHS
HHS
Network
network
Drain
Condition
Condition
CTC
(km)
school
(km)
207
Bihari
Colony
75.002
100
50
0
0
0
Kuchha
0
0
7
7
208
Chambal
Ghati
Basti
75.003
30
20
0
0
0
Kuchha
0
0
8
6
212
Kangalwal
Colony
75.007
250
50
0
0.2
0
kucca
0
0
5
3
213
Logval
Colony
75.008
100
30
0
0.2
0
Kuchha
0
0
4
3
214
Madhav
Nagar
75.009
200
70
0.8
0
0
Kuchha
0
0
5
5
215
Makkar
Colony
75.01
800
240
0.5
0.8
0
Kuchha
0
0
5
5
216
mata
dudh
kurshi
Colony
75.011
80
80
0
0.8
0
pucca
0
0
4
3
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
Municipal
Sewer
piped
Approach
Inner
Government
Basti
B.P.L.
line
water
Road
road
hospital
Government
S.no.
Name
Code
HHs
HHs
Network
network
Drain
Condition
Condition
CTC
(km)
school
(km)
Colony
Dhandari
14.005
75
Khurd
620
20
1
1
1
pucca
100
0
4
2
Fauji
16.001
99
Mohalla
150
20
1
1
0
pucca
100
0
3
3
Kailash
16.003
101
Nagar
200
20
1
1
0
pucca
100
0
3
3
Muslim
16.004
102
Colony
200
20
1
1
0
pucca
100
0
3
3
Bajra
20.001
110
Mohalla
50
20
1
1
0
pucca
100
0
3
2
Bangru
20.002
111
Mohalla
60
20
1
1
0
pucca
100
0
3
2
Mehmood
20.003
112
Pura
180
20
1
1
0
pucca
100
0
3
2
Bindra
24.001
113
Colony
140
20
0.9
0.7
0.7
Pucca
100
0
5
3
114
Kara
bara
24.002
400
50
0.9
0.85
0
Pucca
100
0
3
2
Vijay
24.005
116
Nagar
100
20
0.8
0.75
0
Pucca
0
0
5
2
Thapar
26.008
124
Colony
230
70
0.7
0.5
0
Pucca
0
0
5
3
Gagan
27.002
126
Vihar
120
40
1
1
0
Pucca
100
0
6
3
127
New
27.003
100
90
0.8
1
0
Pucca
0
0
5
5
125
Municipal
Sewer
piped
Approach
Inner
Government
Basti
B.P.L.
line
water
Road
road
hospital
Government
S.no.
Name
Code
HHs
HHs
Network
network
Drain
Condition
Condition
CTC
(km)
school
(km)
Tansen
Nagar
Guru
Hargobind
31.002
131
Nagar
400
70
0.8
0.8
0
Pucca
0
0
4
2
Zeenat
31.006
135
Nagar
250
200
1
1
0
pucca
0
0
5
2
Peeru
32.002
137
Banda
300
20
0.95
0.95
0
Pucca
100
0
1
2
Badi
59.001
159
Jhabaddi
150
120
1
1
0
Pucca
100
0
6
3
Guru
Amardas
59.003
161
Nagar
130
10
1
1
0
pucca
100
0
7
3
Chotti
60.001
165
Jhabaddi
700
210
0.3
0.5
0
Pucca
100
0
3
4
Labour
60.002
166
Colony
210
63
1
1
0
Pucca
100
0
3
3
Grewal
62.001
168
Colony
200
60
0.5
1
0
Pucca
0
0
6
3
Azad
64.001
172
Nagar
400
160
0.7
0.7
0
Kuchha
0
0
8
6
New
Azad
73.009
187
Nagar
830
12
0.8
0.8
0
Pucca
0
0
5
3
192
Ambedkar
74.001
1000
500
0.8
0.8
0
Pucca
100
0
5
5
126
Municipal
Sewer
piped
Approach
Inner
Government
Basti
B.P.L.
line
water
Road
road
hospital
Government
S.no.
Name
Code
HHs
HHs
Network
network
Drain
Condition
Condition
CTC
(km)
school
(km)
Nagar
Dhandari
75.004
209
kalan
800
240
0.8
0.8
0
Pucca
100
0
8
3
Guru
nanak
75.005
210
Colony
240
50
0.4
0.7
0.2
Pucca
50
0
2
2
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
Chhoti
dhandari
89
14.002
14
Basti
4.3
50
Public
Category
5
No
highway
and
Railway
land
Ishwar
Colony
-‐
91
14.011
14
Vehda
0.6
900
Public
Category
5
No
Railway
land
Hamvara
road
jhuggi
(opp.
128
28.001
28
Ramdarbar
mandir)
0.3
42
Public
category
4
Yes
bhudda
nala
Upkar
Nagar
129
30.001
30
jhuggi
0.1
40
Public
category
4
No
bhudda
nala
Guru
Hargobind
136
31.002
31
70
Nagar
18.5
Public
category
4
No
bhudda
nala
137
32.002
Peeru
Banda
32
4.5
20
Public
category
5
No
highway
and
Railway
land
Shanti
Nagar
138
32.003
32
Jhuggi
1.2
80
Private
category
4
No
bhudda
nala
New
Valmiki
139
32.001
36
45
Nagar
2.1
Public
category
5
Yes
Railway
land
Jasal
House
140
36.001
36
45
(Jagraon
Bridge)
0.3
Public
category
5
No
Railway
land
145
46.002
Kabir
Basti
Jhuggi
46
0.3
25
Public
category
5
Yes
Railway
land
148
52.002
valmiki
basti
P-‐1
52
0.4
50
Public
category
5
No
Railway
land
149
52.003
valmiki
basti
P-‐2
52
0.2
100
Public
category
5
No
Railway
land
Purani
Kachehri
150
52.001
52
Jhuggi
0.7
22
Public
category
5
Yes
Railway
land
153
55.002
Dairy
complex
P-‐1
55
2.1
70
Public
category
5
No
highway
and
Railway
land
Valmiki
Jhuggi
162
59.006
59
60
Basti
8.2
Public
Category
5
No
Railway
land
142
Bhagat
Singh
163
59.002
59
100
Nagar
Jhuggi
0.5
Public
category
5
No
Railway
land
mata
dudh
kurshi
208
75.011
75
80
colony
2.8
Public
Category
5
Yes
highway
and
Railway
land
213
75.004
Dhandari
kalan
75
9.4
240
Public
category
5
No
Railway
land
215
75.012
Ravi
das
veda
75
6.5
30
Public
category
5
Yes
highway
and
Railway
land
Total
slums
to
be
resettled
=
31
4657
Slums
to
be
Partly
Resettled
Approx.
HHs
Non-‐confirming
Land
Basti
S
No.
Name
of
Basti
Ward
to
be
Land
Hazardous
Use
(as
per
master
Code
Area
resettled
Ownership
Area
Plan)
Non-‐tenable
use
zone
35
Vijay
Nagar
7
14.8
40
Private
category
4
Yes
bhudda
nala
57
8001
Bihari
Colony
8
1.8
80
Public
Category
4
No
bhudda
nala
143