Professional Documents
Culture Documents
E3 Chap 04 3up
E3 Chap 04 3up
paradigms
Concerns
– how can an interactive system be developed
to ensure its usability?
– how can the usability of an interactive
system be demonstrated or measured?
1
Paradigms of interaction
• Batch processing
Impersonal computing
• Batch processing
• Time-sharing
Interactive computing
2
Example Paradigm Shifts
???
Community computing
• Networking
• Graphical displays % foo.bar
ABORT
dumby!!!
Direct manipulation
• Batch processing
• Timesharing
• Networking
• Graphical display
• Microprocessor
Personal computing
3
Example Paradigm Shifts
• Batch processing
• Timesharing
• Networking
• Graphical display
• Microprocessor
• WWW
Global information
Time-sharing
4
Video Display Units
Programming toolkits
Personal computing
5
Window systems and the
WIMP interface
• humans can pursue more than one task at a
time
Metaphor
• Problems
– some tasks do not fit into a given metaphor
– cultural bias
Direct manipulation
6
Language versus Action
Hypertext
Multimodality
7
Computer Supported
Cooperative Work (CSCW)
Agent-based Interfaces
• Original interfaces
– Commands given to computer
– Language-based
• Direct Manipulation/WIMP
– Commands performed on “world” representation
– Action based
• Agents - return to language by instilling
proactivity and “intelligence” in command
processor
– Avatars, natural language processing
8
Ubiquitous Computing