NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

551 MF Jhocson Street, Sampaloc, Manila

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
HYDRAULICS LABORATORY – CIV181

EXPERIMENT #3
1 1
DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND
PRESSURE HEAD USING MANOMETER

SUBMITTED BY:
GONZALES, JAY MARK M.
GONZALES, KATHRINE JOY S.
RAMOS, YUAN GABRIEL T.
ROCHE, JHAZMINE ANDREI J.
SANTOS, NICHOLE DENISSE R.

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. MANNY ANTHONY M. TAGUBA
INSTRUCTOR

DATE
JANUARY 19, 2021

EXPERIMENT 3: DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND PRESSURE HEAD

USING MANOMETER
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NAME:_________________________________________DATE:________________

SECTION: ESE181

I. OBJECTIVE

To determine the pressure head using reference fluids, other fluids over a U- tube
manometer.

II. APPARATUS

U-tube Manometer Oil

Funnel Honey
Beaker
Water/mercury

III. INTRODUCTION

Manometers are instruments that are used either by balancing the same fluid
column or using another fluid column to calculate the pressure at each point in the
fluid. A basic manometer consists of a tubular structure linking one end of the tube to
the point in the fluid whose pressure is to be calculated and leaving the other end
exposed to the atmosphere. It is possible to use basic manometers to calculate the
gauge pressure or vacuum pressure (Arjun, 2019).

The tube consists of a heavy fluid whose density is greater than

the fluid whose pressure is to be determined. Mostly, mercury is
taken as the heavy fluid other than the test fluid.

F O R M U L A ;
m gh

Where:
P m = density of manometer fluid

h = manometer reading or height difference

g = acceleration due to gravity

IV. PROCEDURE
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P ref fluid = PFOI

ϒ ref fluid href fluid = ϒFOI hFOI

ϒ FOI h ref fluid

sg = =
ϒ ref fluid h FOI

1. Set up all the apparatuses

needed for the experiment.
Put the funnel on the one open end of the manometer for the pouring purposes of
the fluids.
2. Pour some quantity of reference fluids through the manometer with the funnel
until each end reaches the reference point 0.
3. Add slowly some amount of the fluid of interest to the one end of the manometer.
4. Measure the height of the fluids above the reference point.
5. Repeat the procedures in varying heights to gather three trials.
6. After getting the height of the fluids, refer to the formula given above to get the
specific gravity of the unknown fluid.

Refer to the link below for better familiarization.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9SQ2FPHCZJk&t=9s

V. DATA AND RESULT

RECORDED HEIGHT
FLUID
TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
54 57.3 55
OIL
42 44 42.5
WATER
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RECORDED HEIGHT
FLUID
TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
45 43 47.7
OIL
38 36.4 37
MERCURY

RECORDED HEIGHT
FLUID
TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
45 42.9 43.5
HONEY
64 62 62.7
WATER

VI. COMPUTATIONS
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VII. LABORATORY SET – UP

Creatively illustrate the laboratory set-up including the label of the different
apparatus used and their purpose. Also, narrate the procedure done in the experiment.
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VIII. CRITIC QUESTIONS

1. Explain the working principle of U-tube manometer. Drawing a schematic

diagram is advised.

2. Derive the equation for determining pressure in a U-tube manometer.

3. Is it advisable to use mercury for U-tube manometer? Why or why not? Defend
you answer.

4. Enumerate and define the common types of simple manometer and their uses.

5. What are the typical liquids used in U-tube manometer? Illustrate and
differentiate their use in conducting an experiment.

IX. CONCLUSION
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X. REFERENCES

Arjun, N. (2019, May 27). Determination of Pressure by Simple Manometers in

Fluid Mechanics. The Constructor. https://theconstructor.org/fluid-
mechanics/determination-pressure-simple-manometers-fluid-
mechanics/33720/

N. (2014, January 13). Measuring specific gravity of oil with a U-tube manometer.
Teaching Fluid Mechanics.
https://teachingfluids.wordpress.com/2014/01/13/measuring-specific-gravity-
of-oil-with-a-u-tube- manometer/amp/?
fbclid=IwAR0Te01iE9K3AeAjNYUVDwadz1Cbq0buYCeMI
RC4HzoXrjuWldq28f4Dc3s

Oamil, R. R. (2021). EXPERIMENT #3 DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC

GRAVITY AND PRESSURE HEAD USING MANOMETER. ACADEMIA.
https://www.academia.edu/35898054/EXPERIMENT_3_DETERMINATION_
OF_SPECIFIC_GRAVITY_AND_PRESSURE_HEAD_USING_MANOMETER