2 Supplementary Exercise Microscopic World I (Question)

Topic 2 Microscopic World I
Part A Unit-based exercise
Unit 5 Atomic structure the atom.
Fill in the blanks
1 All elements are made of atoms .
2 Elements exist in different states at room

conditions. Silver and sulphur are solids ;
bromine and mercury are liquids ; chlorine
and oxygen are gases .
3 Elements can be classified into three main

groups: metals , metalloids and
non-metals .
4 The melting and boiling points of non-metals are

usually low .
5 Metals are usually good conductors of

heat and electricity.
6 Boron , silicon and germanium

are metalloids.
7 Atoms consist of a nucleus in the centre

and a cloud of electrons that move in
circular orbits called shells .
8 The nucleus of an atom contains two types of

particles : protons and neutrons .
9 The number of protons in an atom of an

element equals the atomic number of the
element.
10 The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons

in an atom equals the mass number of
1
11 Different atoms of an element with the
same number of protons but different
number of neutrons are isotopes .
Part
A
U
12 The weighted average relative isotopic n
it
mass of all the naturally occurring 5
12
isotopes of an element on the C =
12.00 scale is the relative
atomic mass of that element.
13 The way in which electrons are

arranged in an atom is its
electronic arrangement .
14 The electronic arrangement of an atom

can be represented by an electron
diagram.
15 In a hydrogen atom, the region in which

there is 95% chance of finding the
electron is called an
orbital .
True or false
Decide whether each of the following

statements is true or false.
16 At room temperature and F

pressure, all metals are solids.
17 Solid non-metals are usually T

dull in appearance.
18 Silicon is a metalloid. T
19 Molten sulphur is a good F

conductor of electricity.
20 The symbol of magnesium is Ma. F

21 The atomic number of an element T 33 Which of the following elements is a solid at
equals the number of electrons in an room temperature and pressure?
atom of that element.
A Cl
B N
22 An atom of an element must F
C Ne
contain equal number of protons
D S D
and neutrons.
34 Which of the following conbinati ons is
23 All atoms contain neutrons. F
INCORRECT?
Part 24
23
A sodium atom (11Na) contains 11 F Element State at room temperature
A
and pressure
U neutrons.
n
it
5 25 A fluorine atom contains 9 electrons. T
26 Isotopes of an element have the same T

number of protons.
35 Consider the
F 27 Isotopes of information below:
an element
have the
Element
same mass. Melting point (°C) Boiling point (°C)
W –200 –45
X 1 245 1 869
Y –58 37
28 The atomic number of oxygen is 8. T
Z 52 114
F
29 In an atom, the second electron shell
Which of the
can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. F following
electron shells.
elements is a gas
30 A calcium atom contains 3 occupied
at 25 °C?
Multiple choice questionsA W
B X
31 Which of the C Y
following D Z A
combinati ons is
correct? 36 The table shows
the melting points
Element
and boiling points
of four substances
at 1 atm pressure.
Substance Melting point (°C) Boiling point (°C)
A Calcium C
W –189 –186
B Chlorine Ch
X –110 –40
C Iron Ir
D YPotassium –7 K 60 D
Z –90 10
32 Which of the temperature and
following elements pressure?
is a gas at room
A
C
a Which of
r the
b following
o substances
n exists as a
liquid at –
B 100 °C and
1 atm
I pressure?
r
A W
o
B X
n
C Y
D Z B
C
O
x
y
g
e
n
S
i
l
i
c
o
n
2
37 Consider the following information: Which of the following solids is likely to be a
metal?
Substance Melting point (°C) Boiling point (°C) A W
W –50 5 B X
C Y
X 4 81 D Z C
Y 68 104
42 Which of the following statements concerning
Z –95 69
silicon is INCORRECT?
Which of the following substances is / are in liquid A Properties of silicon are in between metals
Part
state at room temperature and pressure? and non-metals. A
U
B Silicon is brittle. n
A W only it
C Silicon can be used to make semi- 5
B X only conductors.
C X and Z only
D Silicon is soluble in water. D
D Y and Z only C

38 Which of the following elements is a metal?
the basic structure of an atom is correct?
A Aluminium
A An atom must have equal numbers of protons
B Carbon
and neutrons.
C Germanium
B The mass of one proton is approximately equal
D Neon A
to that of an electron.
C A neutron carries a small negative electrical
39 Which of the following elements is a charge.
metalloid? D A proton carries a small positive electrical
A Boron charge.
B Copper D
C Helium
D Phosphorus A 44 The atomic number of an element X is 10. An
atom of X has a mass number 22. Which of the
40 Which of the following elements is a non- following combinations concerning the atom of
metal? X is correct?
A Ba Number of Number of Number of

Melting Electrical Solubility in
B Be Solidprotons neutrons electrons
point conductivity water
C Cs A W 10 low 12 10 soluble
non-conducting
D Kr D B 10 12 12
C X 12 high non-conducting
10 10 soluble
41 Consider the information below: D Y 12 high 10 good 12insoluble
A
Z very high non-conducting insoluble
3
45 An atom has 28 electrons and 30 neutrons. Which of the following atoms are isotopes?
Which of the following combinations concerning
A I and III
the atom is correct?
B II and III
Atomic number Mass number C I and IV
D II and IV D
A 28 30
B 28 58
50 The following table shows the relative abundance of
C 30 28
isotopes of lithium:
D 58 28 B
Number of Number of Number of
Isotope Relative abundance (%)
46 Whichprof the
otons following combinations
neutrons concerning
electrons
Part 51 6
A the atomic structure of the atom 23X is correct? The relative atomic Li 7.4
mass of lithium is A 6.07.
U A 51 23 51
n
B 28 51 23 B 6.93. 7
Li 92.6
it
5 C 23 28 23 C 6.07 g
D 23 23 28 B D 6.93 g
C
47 Which of the 51 Element X has
16
following two isotopes, X
85
particles 87
and X. The
contains the
table below lists
same number
the relative
of neutrons as
32 abundance of
S?
each isotope.
23
11 A Na
24
12 B Mg
2
14 C
8
D P D
S
i
3
1 85
X 72.1
15
87
X 27.9
48 Which of the
following What is the
combinations
relative atomic
concerning
isotopes of an mass of X? A
element is
85.2
Number of Number of Number of correct?
B 85.6
neutrons protons electrons
C 86.2
A different same different D 86.6 B
B same different same
C different same same 52 Metal X has three isotopes, 18 1 19
9 9 X
D same same same 2
0
an X
X
d
.
,
following
informati
on of
49 Consider the four
atoms: The graph below
shows the relative
Atomic
Atom abundance of the
number
isotopes.
I
3FMBUJWF BCVOEBODF (%)

5
II 19 0
III 20 4
5
IV 4
4 0
3
5
3
0
2
5
2 189190 192
0
1
5
1
0
5
0
9 9 9
What is the relative atomic mass of X? 58 The electron diagram of an atom of element X is
A 189.7 shown below:
B 190.3
C 190.7
D 191.3 C
53 Element X occurs in
(Only electrons in
nature as two
79 81 the outermost shell
isotopes, X and X. If
are shown.)
the relative atomic
mass of X is 79.9, X could be
A 30.0% what is the relative Part
B 35.0% 81 A Cl. A
abundance of the X B P. U
C 40.0% isotope? n
D 45.0% C S. it
5
D Si. C
D
54 The relative atomic element X is 69.7. X has

69 a
mass of potassium is two isotopes, X and X,
39.1. It is NOT a and the relative abundance
69
whole number of X is 65.0%. What is
because the value of a?
A the mass of A 70
electrons has been B 71
taken into account. C 72
B B fractional D 73
D pr 56 The atomic number of an

ot element X is 15. The
on electronic arrangement of
s an atom of X is
ex A 2,13.
ist B 2,8,5.
.C C 2,10,3.
B
fra D 2,4,8,1.
cti
on
57 Which of the following
al
represents the electronic
ne arrangement of an atom of
A 2,1 ut a metalloid?
B 2,2 ro
C 2,3 ns
D 2,4 C ex
ist
.
D isotopes of
potassium exist.
55 The atomic mass of

59 Which of tions ds
the conce cannot
following rning conduc
descriptions non- t
of metals is metal electric
/ are s are ity at
correct?
corre room
(1) They ct? temper
are ature.
(1) Their
all
melting A (1) only
solids
points B (2) only
at
are C (1) and (3) only
room
often D (2) and (3) only
condi A
low.
tions.
(2) They are
(2) They
brittle if
are
they are
good
solids.
cond
uctor (3) They are
s of poor
electr conduct
icity. ors of
heat.
(3) They
are A (1) and (2)
all only
store B (1) and (3)
d in only
para C (2) and (3)
ffin only D
oil. D (1), (2) and
A (1) only (3)
B (2) only
C (1) and 61 Which of the
(3) only following B
D (2) and statements
(3) only concerning
metalloids is /
60 W are correct?
hi (1) All
ch metalloi
of ds are
th solids.
e (2) Gallium
fol is a
lo metalloid
wi .
ng (3) M
de et
sc all
rip oi
5
62 Which of the following statements concerning 65 The atomic number of element X is 15. It has
isotopes of an element is / are correct? only one isotope with a mass number 31.
(1) They have different number of neutrons. Which of the following statements concerning X
(2) They have different atomic numbers. is / are correct?
(3) They have the same mass.
(1) X is a gas at room temperature and
A (1) only pressure.
B (2) only (2) There are 5 electrons in the outermost
C (1) and (3) only shell of an atom of X.
D (2) and (3) only A (3) There are 15 neutrons in the nucleus of
an atom of X.
Part
A 63 Consider the following information concerning
U A (1) only
n atoms P and Q:
it
B (2) only
5 C (1) and (3) only
Atom D (2) and (3) only B
protons neutrons electrons
P 15 16 15
66 An atom of element X has an electronic
Q 16 16 16 arrangement 2,8,1. Which of the following
statements concerning X are correct?
Which of the following statements concerning P (1) It is a metal.
and Q is / are correct? (2) Its atom has 11 protons.
(1) P is an atom of a non-metal. (3) Its symbol is K.
(2) Q is an atom of a metal. A (1) and (2) only
(3) P and Q are isotopes of the same B (1) and (3) only
element. C (2) and (3) only
A (1) only D (1), (2) and (3) A
B (2) only
60
C (1) and (3) only 67 The isotope cobalt-60 ( 27Co) is used to destroy
D (2) and (3) only A cancer cells in the human body. Which of the
60
following statements concerning a Co atom
27
64 Consider the information below: are correct?

(1) It contains 33 neutrons.
Particle
(2) It contains 27 protons.
X Y Z (3) The number of electrons it has is different
Number of protons 8 8 10 from another isotope of cobalt.
Number of electrons 8 8 10 A (1) and (2) only
Number of neutrons 10 8 10 B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
Which of the following statements concerning D (1), (2) and (3) A
the particles is / are correct?
(1) X and Z have the same mass.
(2) X and Y are isotopes.
(3) Y and Z have the same electronic
arrangement.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
6 D (2) and (3) only B
ether each of the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not the second statement is a correct explanat
1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.
Part
A
U
1st statement 2nd statement n
it
5
68 Carbon is a solid at room temperature and Carbon is a non-metal. B
pressure.
69 Atoms are electrically neutral. Atoms have the same number of protons A
and electrons.
70 The number of neutrons and that of protons An atom is electrically neutral. C

in an atom should be the same.
32 32
71 The atomic number of sulphur (16S) is 16. A 16
S atom contains 16 neutrons. B
54 54
54 54
72 24 X and 26 Y are isotopes. X and 26Y have the same mass number
24 C
but different atomic numbers.
73 Isotopes of a given element have different Isotopes of a given element have different A
relative isotopic masses. numbers of neutrons.
74 The relative atomic mass of magnesium is not a Magnesium has isotopes. A

whole number.
75 Isotopes of an element have the same mass. All atoms of an element contain the same C
number of electrons.
Unit 6 The periodic table atom of an element equals the group

number of the element.
Fill in the blanks
4 The number of occupied electron shells in an
atom of an element equals the period
1 In the periodic table, the elements are arranged
number of the element.
in order of increasing atomic number .
5 Across a period of the periodic table, the

2 The vertical columns in the periodic table
elements change from metals
are groups . The horizontal rows
through
Part are periods .
A metalloids to non-metals .
U
n 3 The number of outermost shell electrons in an
it 7
6
6 Group I elements are called alkali metals. 13 The re a c ti v i t y of Group VII elements
decreases as we move down the Group.
7 Group I elements are stored in paraffin oil in
the laboratory. 14 Group 0 elements are called noble gases .
8 The r e a c ti v i t y of Gr oup I elements 15 The octet rule states that atoms become
increases as we move down the group. stable by having eight electrons in their outermost
shells.
9 Sodium reacts with water to give hydrogen
gas and sodium hydroxide . 16 Argon is used to fill electric light bulbs.
10 Group II elements are called alkaline earth 17 When an atom of an element loses one or more
metals. electrons, it forms a positive ion.
11 Group VII elements are called halogens . 18 When an atom of an element gains one or more
electrons, it forms a negative ion.
12 There is a gradual change in the intensity of
the colour of Group VII elements. Chlorine 19 A magnesium atom tends to lose 2 electrons
is greenish yellow in colour, bromine to form an ion. A magnesium ion has
is reddish brown in colour while iodine 12 protons and 10 electrons.
is black in colour.
20 A nitrogen atom tends to gain 3 electrons
to form an ion. A nitride ion has 7 protons
and 10 electrons.
True or false
Decide whether each of the following statements is

true or false.
21 In the periodic table, the elements are

F
arranged in order of increasing atomic
mass.
22 Group number of an element equals theT

number of outermost shell electrons in
an atom of the element.
23 Elements in the second period of the T

periodic table show a gradual change
from having metallic property to
having non-metallic property.
24 Across the third period of the periodic F 25 Sulphur belongs to Period 2 of the periodic table.
table, the elements show a gradual
increase in the number of occupied T 26 Aluminium is a Group III element.
electron shells in their atoms.
27 Sodium is an alkali metal.
8
F Multiple choice questions
28 Argon is a halogen.
29 Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal. T

the periodic table is correct?
30 Neon belongs to Group 0 of the periodic T A Elements are arranged in order of increasing
table. mass number.
B The vertical columns are called periods.
31 Potassium is stored in paraffin oil in the T C The horizontal rows are called groups.
laboratory. D Non-metals are found on the right. D
T
32 The melting point of sodium is higher F 42 Which of the following statements concerning
than that of lithium. F elements in the same group is correct?
A Their atoms have the same number of occupied
33 Beryllium and calcium have the same F Part
electron shells. A
chemical properties. U
B They have the same atomic number. n
it
C Their atoms have the same number of 6
34 Bromine is a volatile liquid.
outermost shell electrons.
D Their chemical properties are the same.
35 Iodine vapour is brown in colour.
C

elements in Period 2 of the periodic table is
correct?
A They have similar chemical properties.
B The atom of each element has 2 outermost
shell electrons.
C The atom of each element has two occupied
T electron shells.
D Across the period, the elements change from
F metalloids to metals.
C
36 The boiling point of halogens increases
T
as we move down the group.
44 To which group does carbon belong?
35 37
37 Cl and Cl have different chemical A Group II
F
properties. B Group IV C
Group VI D
38 A helium atom has an octet structure F Group 0 B
in its outermost shell.
39 All Group 0 elements are colourless gases T

at room temperature and pressure.
40 An oxygen atom gains 2 electrons to T

form a stable oxide ion.
45 The electron diagram of an atom of element X
is shown below: 9
9
X belongs to 50 Lithium and sodium show similar chemical
properties because they
A Group II.
B Group IV. A are both metals.
C Group VI. B have the same atomic number.
D Group 0. C C have the same electronic arrangement in their
atoms.
46 An atom of element X has 2 completely filled D have the same number of outermost shell
Part
A shells only. X is in electrons in their atoms.
U
n D
it A Group 0.
6
B Group II.
51 Which of the following pairs of atomic numbers
C Group IV.
corresponds to elements with similar chemical
D Group VI. A properties?
47 To which group does the element

31
X belong? A 7 and 13
15
B 9 and 17
A Group I C 11 and 18
B Group III D 14 and 20 B
C Group V
D Group VII C
52 Element X and aluminium belong to the same
group. The atomic number of X could be
48 Which of the following combinati ons is
correct? A 6.
B 23.
Element Group number C 26.
A Boron II D 31. D
B Bromine VII
C Chlorine V 53 To which period does sulphur belong?
D Silicon III B A Period 2
B Period 3
49 Which of the following pairs of elements belongs C Period 4
to the same group? D Period 5 B
A Argon and neon
B Carbon and chlorine C 54 Which of the following pairs of elements belong
Calcium and potassium D to the same period?
Magnesium and sodium A A Argon and aluminium B
Beryllium and silicon C
Chlorine and nitrogen D
Phosphorus and oxygen A
10
55 Elements X and Y are in the same period of the C D
.FMUJOH QPJOU
NFMUJOH QPJOU
periodic table. Which of the following statements
concerning X and Y is correct?
A They have the same relative atomic mass.
B Their atoms have the same number of
occupied electron shells.
C Their atoms have the same number of
outermost shell electrons.
"UPNJD OVNCFS "UPNJD OVNCFS
D They have similar chemical properties.
B A
56 The atomic number of an element X is 9. Which

59 Which of the following statement concerning
of the following statements concerning X is
chlorine is correct?
INCORRECT?
Part
A It is a reddish brown gas. A
A X is a non-metal. U
B Its atom has 7 outermost shell electrons. n
B X belongs to Period 2 of the periodic table. it
C It is used to manufacture sodium chloride. 6
C X is a gas at room temperature and
D It is more reactive than fluorine.
pressure.
B
D X belongs to Group II of the periodic table.
D 60 Consider the following elements:
57 Which of the following statements concerning Element Atomic number

sodium is correct?
W 4
A It is more reactive than potassium.
X 11
B It gives a lilac flame in flame test.
C It floats on water. Y 12
D It reacts with water to form oxygen gas.
Z 19
C
Which of the following elements is the most
58 Which of the following graphs can represent reactive metal?
the variation of the melting point of the Group A W
I elements, Na, K, Rb and Cs, with increasing B X
atomic number? C Y
A B D Z D
.FMUJOH QPJOU
.FMUJOH QPJOU
61 A solid element X has a melting point of

650 °C. X conducts electricity and reacts readily
with dilute hydrochloric acid to give hydrogen.
X is probably a
A Group II element.
"UPNJD OVNCFS B Group IV element.
"UPNJD OVNCFS C Group VI element.
D Group 0 element. A
62 Which of the following statements concerning B It is an alkali metal.
calcium is correct? C It reacts with metals to form salts.
D It catches fire when reacting with
A It is in Period 4 of the periodic table.
A
cold water. 65 Argon is used to fill electric light bulbs because it
A is cheap.
B is unreactive.
63 Which of the following graphs shows the trend
C glows when hot.
in the boiling points of the halogens?
D is colourless. B

noble gases is INCORRECT?
A They are all colourless gases.
B All of them have little reactivity.
A B C All of their atoms have 8 outermost shell
electrons.
#PJMJOH QPJOU
Part D Their boiling points increase from helium to

A
#PJMJOH QPJOU
U argon.
n
it C
6
67 A and B are two noble gases. If the

atomic number of A is x, then the atomic
"UPNJD OVNCFS "UPNJD OVNCFS number of B could be
A x – 8.
C D B x – 2. C
x + 10. D
#PJMJOH QPJOU
x + 16. A
#PJMJOH QPJOU
Directions: Questions 68 – 69 refer to the portion of the

periodic table shown below.
(SPVQ (SPVQ
* ** *** *7 7 7* 7** 0
"UPNJD OVNCFS "UPNJD OVNCFS B C 2 D E F
1FSJPE 3 G
C H I 4 J K

chlorine, bromine and iodine is INCORRECT? 68 Which is the most reactive metal?
A They are all coloured substances. A a
B They are all poisonous. B b
C Their reactivity increases with relative atomic C g
mass. D h C
D They all react with sodium sulphite solution.
C 69 Which is a liquid at room temperature and
pressure?
A c
B d
Melting Density Electrical C e
Element –3
D j
point (°C) (g cm ) conductivity D
70 WConsider the
98 information
0.97 good 74 Which of the following descriptions for the
below: formation of a stable ion from a magnesium
X 113 2.07 non-conducting
Y 838 1.74 good
Z 1 744 11.3 good

atom is correct? magnesium atom loses two electrons.
C The mass number of the magnesium
A The magnesium
atom decreases by 2.
atom gains two
D The atomic number of the magnesium
neutrons. B The
atom decreases by 2.
B
Which of the following is likely to be a
Group I element?
75 Which of the following pairs of species has
A W the same number of electrons?
B X + P
A Li and H a
C Y 2– –
rt
B O and Cl
D Z A + 2–
A
C Na and S U
– n
D Ne and F D it
71 Rubidium and potassium belong to the same 6
56 3+
group of the periodic table. The relative atomic 76 An iron atom 26Fe forms a ion. Which of
Fe
mass of rubidium is larger than that of potassium. the following combinations concerning the
3+
Which of the following statements concerning Fe ion is correct?
rubidium is probably correct?
A It has a very high melting point. protons neutrons electrons
B Its atom has 2 outermost shell
A 29 30 23
electrons. C It is very hard.
B 29 27 26
D It is more reactive than potassium. D
C 26 30 23
D 26 27 26 C
72 Strontium and calcium belong to the same group
of the periodic table. Which of the following 2+
77 X is an element and the X ion has an electronic
statements concerning strontium is correct?
arrangement 2,8,8. Which of the following
A It can be extracted from its ore by statement concerning X is correct?
physical methods.
A X is a halogen.
B Its atom has one outermost shell
B X is an alkali metal.
electron. C It tarnishes when exposed to the
C X is a transition metal.
air. C
D X is a Period 4 D
D It floats on water.
element.
73 Krypton belongs to the same group as neon in the

78 An anion carries 1 negative charge. It has 36
periodic table. Which of the following
electrons. How many protons does the anion
statements concerning krypton is INCORRECT?
have?
A An atom of krypton has an octet structure
A 34
in its outermost shell.
B 35
B Krypton belongs to Period 3 of the
C 36
periodic table.
D 37 B
C Krypton is a colourless gas at room temperature
and pressure.
D A balloon full of krypton falls in the air.
B
2+
79 M is an element. The M ion has 34 neutrons A Ge
and 28 electrons. What is M? B Ni
C Se A (1) and (2) only
D Zn D B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
80 Consider the following information of particles X D (1), (2) and (3) A
and Y :
40
83 Element X has an isotope 18X. Which of the
Particles following statements is / are correct?
protons electrons neutrons
(1) X is in Period 3 of the periodic table.
X 8 10 8
(2) X is in Group VI of the periodic table.
Part
A
Y 8 8 10 18
40
(3) X has 18 neutrons.
U
n A (1) only
it Which of the following statements is correct?
6 B (2) only
A X and Y are isotopes. C (1) and (3) only
B X and Y are atoms of different elements. D (2) and (3) only A
C X is an anion.
D Y is a cation. C 84 There is a gradual change in the properties of
alkali metals from lithium to potassium. Which
81 In moving from Group I to Group VII across the of the following properties are in the order
second period of the periodic table, which of the lithium < sodium < potassium?
following statements is / are correct?
(1) Atomic size
(1) The elements show a gradual increase in (2) Chemical reactivity
atomic size. (3) Melting point
(2) The elements change from metallic to
A (1) and (2) only
non-metallic across the period.
B (1) and (3) only
(3) The elements show a gradual decrease in
C (2) and (3) only
melting point.
D (1), (2) and (3) A
A (1) only
B (2) only 85 Which of the following statements concerning
C (1) and (3) only Group II elements is / are correct?
D (2) and (3) only B
(1) Their atoms have 2 outermost shell
electrons.
82 Which of the following descriptions is / are true (2) They are less dense than water.
when going down Group IV of the periodic
(3) They are stored in water in the
table?
laboratory.
(1) The elements show a gradual increase in
A (1) only
relative atomic mass.
B (2) only
(2) The elements show a gradual increase in
C (1) and (3) only
atomic size.
D (2) and (3) only A
(3) The elements show a gradual increase in the
number of outermost shell electrons in their
atoms.
86 Which of the following statements concerning A (1) only
halogens is / are correct? B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
(1) Their reactivity increases with relative
D D (2) and (3) only
atomic mass.
(2) Bromine is a volatile liquid.
87 Consider the following information about three elements, X,
(3) Iodine vapour is purple in colour.
Y and Z. 89 Which of the following statements concerning
noble gases are correct?
Element Atomic number
(1) All noble gases have 8 outermost shell
X 11 electrons in their atoms.
Y 16 (2) Their relative atomic masses increase down
the group.
Z 17
(3) They are all colourless gases at room
temperature and pressure.
Which of the following statements concerning X,
Y and Z are correct? A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
(1) X, Y and Z belong to the same period of C (2) and (3) only
the periodic table. D (1), (2) and (3) C
(2) X is an alkaline earth metal.
(3) Y and Z are non-metals. Part
90 The atomic number of element X is 12. Which A
A (1) and (2) only of the following statements concerning X are U
n
B (1) and (3) only correct? it
6
C (2) and (3) only (1) X tarnishes when exposed to the air.
D (1), (2) and (3) B
(2) X sinks in water.
(3) X is extracted by electrolyzing its molten
88 Helium is used to fill airships because ore.
(1) its density is very low. A (1) and (2) only
(2) it does not burn. B (1) and (3) only
(3) the air contains a high percentage by C (2) and (3) only
volume of it. D (1), (2) and (3) D
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only 91 Caesium (Cs) is a Group I element. Which of
C (2) and (3) only the following statements concerning caesium are
D (1), (2) and (3) A correct?
(1) It reacts with water to give an alkaline
solution.
(2) It gives a characteristic flame colour in
flame test.
(3) Its melting point is less than 100 °C.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3) D
92 Strontium is a Group II element below calcium A (1) and (2) only
in the periodic table. Which of the following B (1) and (3) only
statements concerning strontium are correct? C (2) and (3) only
(1) It forms an ion carrying two negative D (1), (2) and (3) D
charges.
(2) It is more reactive than calcium. 96 Which +of the following particles is / are present
(3) It reacts with non-metals to form salts. in a H ion?
A (1) and (2) only C (2) and (3) only

B (1) and (3) only C D (1), (2) and (3)
(1) Proton
93 There is a gradual change in the properties (2) Neutron
Part (3) Electron
A
of halogens from chlorine to iodine. Which
U of the following properties are in the order A (1) only
n
it chlorine < bromine < iodine? B (2) only
6
(1) Reactivity C (1) and (3) only
(2) Density D (2) and (3) only A
(3) Atomic size
A (1) and (2) only 97 Which of the following statements concerning
B (1) and (3) only the formation of an oxide ion from an oxygen
C (2) and (3) only atom is / are correct?
D (1), (2) and (3) C (1) An oxygen atom and an oxide ion have
the same number of occupied electron
94 Astatine is a Group VII element below iodine shells.
in the periodic table. Which of the following (2) The atomic number of the oxygen atom
statements concerning astatine is / are probably increases by 2.
correct? (3) The mass number of the oxygen atom
increases by 2.
(1) It is colourless.
(2) Its atom has 7 outermost shell electrons. A (1) only
(3) It is a solid at room temperature and B (2) only
pressure. C (1) and (3) only
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only 98 Which of the following species has / have the same
D (2) and (3) only D
electronic arrangement as a neon atom?
2–
(1) O
+
95 The electronic arrangement of an atom of element (2) Li
+
X is 2,8,18,18,8,2. Which of the following (3) K
A (1) only
(1) It is denser than water. B (2) only
(2) It gives a characteristic flame colour in C (1) and (3) only
flame test. D (2) and (3) only A
(3) It reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to
give hydrogen.
–
99 Atom X can form a stable ion X . Which of 100 X, Y and Z are three consecutive elements in
the following statements is / are correct? –
the periodic table. X forms a stable anion X ,
– +
(1) Ion X has one more neutron than while Z forms a stable cation Z . Which of the
atom X. following statements about X, Y and Z is / are
–
(2) Both atom X and ion X have the correct?
same nuclear charge. – +
(1) X and Z have the same
–
(3) Ion X has one more occupied electronic arrangement.
electron shell than atom X. – +
(2) X and Z have the same number
A (1) only of protons.
B (2) only A (3) X, Y and Z belong to the same period.
(1) only
C (1) and (3) only B (2) only Part
A
D (2) and (3) only B C (1) and (3) only U
n
D (1) and (3) only A it
6
1st statement 2nd statement
101 Elements are arranged in order of their atomic Atomic numbers are always whole numbers B
numbers, rather than relative atomic masses, while there are fractional relative atomic
in the periodic table. masses.
102 Lithium and neon belong to the same period Atoms of lithium and neon have the same A
of the periodic table. number of occupied electron shells.
103 Nitrogen and oxygen belong to the same period Nitrogen and oxygen are colourless B
gases. of the periodic table.
104 Across the second period of the periodic table, Across the second period of the periodic D
the elements show a gradual increase in table, the elements show a gradual
melting point. increase in the number of occupied electron
shells in their atoms.
105 Across the third period of the periodic table, Across the third period of the periodic table, B
the atomic size of the elements. the metallic character of the elements
decreases.
106 Sodium and potassium show similar chemical Atoms of sodium and potassium have the A
properties. same number of outermost shell electrons.
107 The density of Group II elements decreases The reactivity of Group II elements decreases D
down the group. down the group.
108 The reactivity of halogens increases down the The atomic size of halogens increases down C
group. the group.
109 The elements in Group 0 of the periodic table The outermost shell of an atom of a A
are very unreactive. Group 0 element is completely filled.
110 A chloride ion and an argon atom show similar A chloride ion and an argon atom have the C
chemical properties. same electronic arrangement.
Unit 7 Ionic and metallic bonds 5 A sulphate ion is formed from one sulphur atom
P and four oxygen atoms. The whole group
a
rt
A Fill in the blanks of atoms carries two negative charges.
U
n
it 1 Substances can be classified into groups according 6 A sulphite ion is formed from one sulphur atom
7
to how they conduct electricity. and three oxygen atoms. The whole group
of atoms carries two negative charges.
a) Substances which conduct electricity but are
not chemically changed during conduction are 7 An aqueous solution of potassium permanganate
conductors . is purple in colour. This colour comes from
b) Compounds which conduct electricity in molten the permanganate ions.
state or aqueous solution and are
8 The green colour of jade is due to the presence
decomposed by electricity during conduction
of chromium(III) ions.
are electrolytes .
c) Substances which do not conduct electricity 9 A chemical formula is a way of representing a

are non-conductors . chemical substance using symbols and figures.
2 When metal atoms combine with non-metal 10 A metallic bond is a type of bond in which
atoms, ionic bonds result. positive metal ions are held together by a ‘sea’
of mobile electrons.
3 When electricity is passed through molten
lead(II) bromide, lead(II) ions move towards the
negative electrode while bromide ions move
towards the positive electrode.
4 An ion that forms from a group of atoms is called

a polyatomic ion.
True or false Multiple choice questions
Decide whether each of the following statements is 21 Which of the following substances is a non-
true or false. conductor of electricity?
A Alcohol
11 An ionic bond is the strong forces of F
B Copper
attraction between ions of the same
C Graphite
charge.
D Molten potassium chloride A
12 Ionic bond usually occurs when metals F

Directions: Questions 22 and 23 refer to the following
combine. experiment.
13 When calcium combines with fluorine, T The circuit shown below is set up and the solid lead(II)
each calcium atom loses two electrons bromide is heated until it becomes molten.
and each fluorine atom gains one electron.
CVMC
14 Element X (atomic number 11) combines F
P
with element Y (atomic number 16) to a
form a compound with the chemical JOFSU FMFDUSPEF JOFSU FMFDUSPEF 9 rt
A
formula XY2. : U
n
it
7
15 Magnesium combines with oxygen to T
form a compound with the chemical
formula MgO.
MFBE(**) CSPNJEF
16 Element X (atomic number 20) reacts T
with element Y (atomic number 7) to
form a compound with the chemical IFBU
forumla X3Y2.
17 The chemical formula of the compound F 22 Which of the following statements concerning
formed between astatine (At) and the experiment is INCORRECT?
potassium is KAt2.
A The bulb lights up.
18 An aqueous solution of iron(II) sulphate is B Nichrome wires can be used as electrodes.
F
yellow-brown in colour. C A reddish brown gas is evolved at electrode
Y.
D The experiment should be carried out in a
19 An aqueous solution of potassium T
fume cupboard.
dichromate is orange in colour.
C
20 Metallic bond is a type of bond in which F

positive metal ions are held together
by a ‘sea’ of negative ions.
23 Which of the following can be deduced from the C Metallic bonds exist in molten lead(II)
experimental results? bromide.
D Solid lead(II) bromide is a covalent
A Molten lead(II) bromide can be decomposed
compound but molten lead(II) bromide is
by electricity.
an ionic compound.
B Solid lead(II) bromide is a non-electrolyte.
27 In which of the following substances do metallic C Sodium chloride
bonds exist? D Silicon
A Copper
28 Which of the following is an electron diagram of
B Copper(II) sulphate
potassium oxide?
A + m
A A
24 Which of the following pairs of elements will , 0

combine to form an ionic compound?
A Copper and magnesium
B Lithium and sodium B 2+ 2m
Part C Potassium and oxygen

A , 0
U D Silicon and hydrogen C
n
it
7 25 Consider the atomic numbers of four elements.
C + + 2m
Element a b c d
, , 0
Atomic number 6 9 10 11
Which of the following pairs of elements will 2+ m m

combine to form an ionic compound? D
A a and b , 0 0
B a and c
C b and d
D c and d C
C
26 A part of the periodic table is shown below.

29 Elements X and Y form a compound with the
(SPVQ following electron diagram:
* ** *** *7 7 7* 7** 0
2m
2 B
1FSJPE 2+
C 3 D E F
9 :
Which of the following elements will combine

with element d to form an ionic compound?
A a (Only electrons in the outermost shells are
B b shown.)
C c
D e B
Which of the following combinati ons is 30 The atomic number of element X is 12. X reacts with
correct? element Y to form an ionic compound with the chemical
formula XY2. To which group of the periodic table does Y
X Y
belong?
A Al Cl
A Group II B Group
B Ca S
V C Group VI D
C Li O
Group VII
D Mg Br B
D
31 The atomic number of element X is 11. X X Y
reacts with element Y to form an ionic
A 1 2
compound with the chemical formula X2Y. To
B 1 5
which group of the periodic table does Y
C 2 5
belong?
D 2 8 C
A Group I
B Group IV 33 An ionic compound has the chemical formula XY
C Group VI where X and Y represent the cation and
D Group C anion respectively. If both X and Y have the
VII same electronic arrangement, the compound
may be
32 Elements X and Y belong to the first three periods
A aluminium oxide.
of the periodic table. The compound formed
B magnesium
between these two elements has the
oxide. C lithium
following electronic structure:
fluoride. B
2+
D sodium chloride.
9
3m
: 34 The atomic number of an element X is 7. What
is the chemical formula of the compound Part
formed between magnesium and X? A
U
n
A MgX it
7
B MgX2
C
Mg2X3 D D
Mg3X2
35 An atom of element X has 13 protons while

an atom of element Y has 8 electrons. What
is the chemical formula of the compound
formed between X and Y?
A XY
B XY3
C X2Y3
D X3Y2 C
36 Elements X and Y form a compound with the

following electronic structure:
2+
9 3m
+
9
2+ :
9 + 3m
9 :
+
(Only electrons in the outermost shells are
9
shown.)
How many electrons are there in the outermost
shell of an atom of X and that of Y?
(Only electrons in the outermost shown.)
shells are
Which of the following combinati ons is 41 Which of the following ions is responsible for the
correct? greenish blue colour of turquoise?
X Y A Copper(II) ion
A B H B Dichromate ion
B Li N C Iron(III) ion
C Mg Cl D Manganese(III) ion A
D Na O B
42 Which of the following ions is responsible for the
purple colour of amethyst?
37 Which of the following pairs of elements would
2+
react with each other most vigorously? A Cu
2+
A Chlorine and lithium B Fe
3+
B Chlorine and potassium C Mn
2+
C Fluorine and lithium D Ni C
D Fluorine and potassium D
43 Which of the following solids dissolves in water
to form a colourless solution?
38 Consider the information given in the table
Part below: A CrCl3
A
U B CuCl2
n
it Element Atomic number C FeCl3
7 ZnCl2
D D
w 9
x 14 44 The table below shows the colours of the aqueous

y 18 solutions of three ionic compounds:
z 20 Compound Colour of aqueous solution
WZ blue
Which of the following pairs of elements would D Potassium permanganate
react with each other most readily? XY orange
A w and y XZ colourless
B w and z
C x and y
D x and z B
39 Which of the following ions is a polyatomic

ion?
A Ammonium ion
B Chloride ion C
Magnesium ion D
Sulphide ion A
40 Which of the following compounds, when

dissolved in water, gives a green solution?
A Cobalt(II) chloride B
Magnesium chloride
C Nickel(II) sulphate
C
Which of the following combinations about the
colours of the ions involved is most likely to be
correct?
2+ 2+ 2– 2–
W (aq) X (aq) Y (aq) Z (aq)
A Blue orange orange blue
45 A drop of potassium permanganate solution is B chemical
49 The Blue colourless
formula orange
of calcium colourless
phosphate is
placed in the centre of the moistened filter paper. C Colourless colourless colourless colourless
A Ca(PO4)2.
A d.c. power supply is then applied. Within a D Colourless orange colourless blue
B Ca(PO4)3.
few minutes, a coloured patch develops near the
C Ca (PO ) . B
2 4 3
positive electrode. D Ca (PO ) . D
3 4 2
QPUBTTJVN QFSNBOHBOBUF TPMVUJPO

50 M is an element in the third period of the periodic
NPJTUFOFE GJMUFS table. M forms a sulphate with the chemical
QBQFS
formula M2(SO4)3. The chemical formula of the
chloride of M is
A MCl2.
+ m
B MCl3.
E.D. QPXFS TVQQMZ C M2Cl.
D M2Cl3. B
What is the colour of the patch?
A Blue 51 The chemical formula of thorium hydroxide
B Brown is Th(OH)4. The chemical formula of thorium Part
permanganate is likely to be A
C Orange U
n
D Purple D A ThMnO4. it
7
B Th(MnO4)2.
46 Element X forms a compound having the chemical C Th4MnO4.
formula K2X2O7. X could be D Th(MnO4)4. D
A Cr.
B F. 52 Strontium (Sr) belongs to Group II of the
C Mg. periodic table. Which of the following statements
D S. concerning strontium is correct?
A
A Strontium is an alkali metal.
47 How many elements does ammonium sulphate B Strontium is less reactive than calcium.
consist of? C The chemical formula of strontium chloride is
SrCl.
A 3
D The density of strontium is higher than that
B 4
of sodium.
C 5
D
D 6 B
48 Rubidium (Rb) is in the same group as sodium. 53 Astatine (At) is a Group VII element. Which of
the following statements concerning astatine is
What is the chemical formula of rubidium
correct?
carbonate?
A Astatine is a solid at room temperature and
A RbCO3
pressure.
B Rb(CO3)2
B Astatine is more reactive than chlorine.
C Rb2CO3
D Rb3(CO3)2 C Astatine is in Period 4 of the periodic table.
C
D The formula of the compound
formed between astatine and
calcium is Ca2At. A
+
54 Element X can form a cation X with an electronic 58 Rubidium (Rb) is a Group I element
arrangement 2,8. Which of the following below potassium in the periodic table.
statements concerning X is correct? Which of the following statements about
A It is a gas at room temperature and rubidium are correct?
pressure. (1) Its oxide is a crystalline solid.
B It is in Period 2 of the periodic table. (2) Metallic bonding exists in it.
C It reacts vigorously with water. (3) The chemical formula of its sulphate is
D It reacts with oxygen to form a compound Rb2SO4.
with the chemical formula XO2.
A (1) and (2) only
C
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
55 Which of the following pairs of elements will
D (1), (2) and (3) D
combine to form ionic compound(s)?
(1) Calcium and fluorine 59 Barium (Ba) is a Group II element below calcium
(2) Neon and nitrogen in the periodic table. Which of the following
(3) Potassium and sodium statements concerning barium are correct?
Part A (1) only (1) It forms a stable ion carrying 2 positive
A
U B (2) only charges.
n
it C (1) and (3) only (2) It is less reactive than calcium.
7
D (2) and (3) only A (3) It forms a sulphide with the chemical
formula BaS.
2+
56 Element X can form a cation X with an electronic
A (1) and (2) only
arrangement 2,8,8. Which of the following
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
(1) It can react with hydrogen to form a D (1), (2) and (3) B
compound with the chemical formula
XH2. 60 Strontium (Sr) is a Group II element. Which of
(2) It is in Period 3 of the periodic table. the following statements concerning strontium
(3) It burns with a brick-red flame. carbonate are correct?
A (1) and (2) only (1) Its chemical formula is SrCO3.
B (1) and (3) only (2) It conducts electricity in solid state.
C (2) and (3) only (3) It is insoluble in water.
D (1), (2) and (3) B
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
57 Caesium (Cs) belongs to Group I of the periodic
C (2) and (3) only
table. Which of the following statements
D (1), (2) and (3) B
concerning caesium is / are correct?
61 The atomic number room
(1) It reacts with water vigorously. of element X is temperature
(2) It has a high density. 7. Which of the and pressure.
(3) The chemical formula of caesium hydroxide following
is Cs(OH)2. statements
A (1) only concerning X are
B (2) only correct?
C (1) and (3) only (1) X is a
D (2) and (3) only A gas at
25
64 Consider the JOH DPQQFS(**) JPOT
BOE EJDISPNBUF JPOT
following experiment:
+
(2) X is in D D
Period B
3 of the S
periodic C
table. P
E O
(3) X reacts
J
with M
F
magnesiu V
M
m to form U
F
F
a D
T
U
compound V
S
with the M
P
Q
chemical E
IV
formula F
S
Mg3X2. J
D :
A (1) and (2) B
only D
E
B (1) and (3) J
only M
C (2) and (3) V
only U B
F
D (1), (2) and
(3)
T
V
62 An ionic M
compound has Q
I
the chemical V
formula X2Y S
where X and Y J
represent the D
cation and
B
D
J
E
H
F
M
D
P
O
U
B
J
O
24
anion respectively. Which of the about sitive
If both X and Y following the ions.
have the same statements metallic (2) Outer
electronic concerning most
bonding
arrangement, the the shell
compound could experiment in a electr Part
be are correct? solid ons A
U
are of n
(1) lithium (1) A it
oxide. correct? atom 7
green
(2) potassium s are
colour (1) T
sulphide. deloc
gradua h
(3) sodium alized
lly e
oxide. throu
develo s
ghout
A (1) only ps o
the
B (2) only near li
solid.
C (1) and (3) only electro d
(3) This
D (2) and (3) only de X. D c
type
(2) Gas bubbles are o
evolved at of
63 Which of the n
electrode Y. bondi
following ions t
(3) The ng
are green in a
experi exists
colour? i
ment in
3+ n
(1) Cr (aq) can be some
2+ s
(2) Ni (aq) used ionic
a
–
(3) MnO (aq) 4 to comp
r
show ounds
A (1) and (2) only e
that .
B (1) and (3) only g
C (2) and (3) only ions u A (1) and (2) only
migrat l B (1) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3) A
e a C (2) and (3) only
toward r D (1), (2) and (3)
A
s a
opposi r
tely r
charge a
d n
electro g
des. e
A (1) and (2) only m
B (1) and (3) only e
C (2) and (3) only n
D (1), (2) and (3) t C
o
65 Which of the f
following p
o
statements
27
66 An oxide ion is very stable. An oxide ion has an electronic arrangement A

similar to that of a noble gas atom.
67 Atoms of helium and neon have 8 outermost Helium and neon are noble gases. C
P
a shell electrons.
rt
A
U 68 Magnesium is in Period 2 of the periodic table. Atoms of magnesium form ions carrying two C
n
it positive charges.
7
69 Element X (atomic number = 20) reacts Each atom of X loses two electrons and each A
with element Y (atomic number = 7) to form atom of Y accepts three electrons to form a
an ionic compound. compound with the chemical formula X3Y2.
70 A metal M which forms a chloride MCl3 must Only metals in Group III of the periodic table D
belong to Group III of the periodic table. form ions with three positive charges.
26
Unit 8 Covalent bonds True or false
Fill in the blanks Decide whether each of the following statements is

true or false.
1 A covalent bond is formed when one or
11 In a molecule, the pair of electrons in T
more pairs of outermost shell electrons are shared
the outermost shell of an atom that is
between two atoms. not involved in bonding is called lone pair
electrons.
2 The pair of electrons shared between two atoms
is called bond pair electrons. 12 Nitrogen exists as triatomic molecules. F
3 The pair of electrons in the outermost shell of an 13 Carbon combines with silicon to form a T
atom that is not involved in bonding is called covalent compound.
lone pair electrons.
14 Neon and nitrogen combine to form a F
4 Each hyd rogen molecule consists of covalent compound.
two hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen forms
15 The total number of electrons in a water F
diatomic molecules.
molecule is 8.
5 A molecule which consists of one atom only is Part

A
16 In a SiCl4 molecule, the silicon atom T U
called a monoatomic molecule. contributes 4 electrons for bonding. n
it
8
17 Iodine and oxygen have the same T

6 In a hydrogen chloride molecule, the hydrogen
bonding type.
atom contributes one electron(s) for
bonding. 18 Hydrogen chloride and siliver chloride F
have the same bonding type.
7 In an ammonia molecule, the nitrogen atom
has three bond pair(s) and one lone 19 Phosphorus combines with hydrogen to F
pair(s) of electrons. form a compound with the chemical
formula PH2.
8 In a PCl 3 molecule, the phosphorus atom
20 Covalent bonds exist in ammonium T
contributes three electron(s) for sharing.
chloride.
9 A dative covalent bond is a covalent bond
in which the bond pair electrons are provided by
the same atom.
10 When an ammonia molecule and a hydrogen

ion combine to form an ammonium ion,
the nitrogen a t o m s u p p l i e s its
lone pair electrons to the hydrogen ion.
21 Element X (atomic number = 7) exists as
Multiple choice questions
molecules X2. Which of the following is the
electron diagram of a molecule of X?
(Only electrons in the outermost shells are Which of the following pairs of elements will
shown.) combine to form a covalent compound?
9 9 A a and c
A
B a and d
C b and c
D b and d C
26 The following diagram represents the particles in

an element.
B 9 9
99
C
D 9 9
22 An element exists as diatomic molecules. The In which group of the periodic table is this element
atomic number of the element could be likely to be found?
Part
A
U A 9. A II
n
it B 10. B III
8
C 11. C IV
D 13. A D V D
23 Which of the following pairs of elements will 27 Which of the following diagrams best represents
combine to form a covalent compound? the electron diagram of a compound formed
A Lead and bromine between nitrogen and fluorine?
B Potassium and chlorine (Only electrons in the outermost shells are
C Sodium and hydrogen shown.)
D Sulphur and oxygen D
A
24 Which of the following pairs of elements will
combine to form a covalent compound? / '
A Lithium and nitrogen

B Mercury and fluorine
C Neon and nitrogen B
D Fluorine and chlorine D
' / '
25 Consider the atomic numbers of four elements.
Element a b c d
C 29 Which of the following substances exists as atoms
at room temperature and pressure?
' / '
A Ammonia
B Hydrogen
' C Neon
D Nitrogen C
D 30 The atomic number of an element X is 16. The

chemical formula of the compound formed
' between chlorine and X is
A XCl.
' / ' B XCl2.
C X2Cl.
D X2Cl3. B
'
31 The electron diagram of the compound formed
between elements X and Y is shown below:
C
28 Which of the following electron diagrams is : 9 9 :

correct? P
a
(Only electrons in the outermost shells are rt
A
shown.) (Only electrons in the outermost shells are U
n
shown.) it
A 8
)F)F How many outermost shell electrons are there
in an atom of X?
B A 2
B 4
' ' C 6
D 8 C
C 32 The electron diagram of a compound formed

between elements X and Y is shown below:
) $M )
: 9 :
D
)
shown.)
) 4J )
Which of the following combinations concerning
X and Y is correct?
)
X Y
D A Carbon sulphur
B Silicon oxygen
C Oxygen lithium
D
D Oxygen fluorine
33 The electron diagram of a compound formed 3–
37 Element X can form an anion X with an electronic
from element X and hydrogen is shown below: arrangement 2,8. Which of the following
statements concerning X is correct?
) )
9 9) ) A It is in Group III of the periodic table.
B It is a solid at room temperature and
pressure.
C It exists as diatomic molecules.
shown.)
D It can react with fluorine to form
How many electrons are there in the outermost an ionic compound. C
shell of an atom of X?
A 3 38 Which of the following electron diagrams is
B 4 correct?
C 5 (Only electrons in the outermost shells are
D 6 C shown.)
34 Which of the following molecules contains three A 2m

2+
pairs of bond pair electrons?
.H '
A C2H4
B CO2
P C H2S m
a
D PCl3 D B
rt +
A
U -J 0
n 35 Which of the following molecules has two pairs
it
8 of lone pair electrons on the underlined atom?
CH4
C
A
B HCN
$M'
C NH 3
D SCl2 D
D
36 Elements X and Y have 5 and 7 outermost shell $M0$M
electrons in their atoms respectively. Which of
the following combinations concerning the
D
compound they form is correct?
Chemical formula Type of 39 In which of the following groups of substances
bond A XY3 covalent there exists a difference in bonding type among
B X3Y covalent the substances?
C X3Y ionic A Aluminium, mercury, sodium
D XY3 ionic A B Calcium chloride, hydrogen chloride, silver
chloride
C Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen
D Iodine, methane, sulphur dioxide B
40 X is an element in the third period of the diagrams best represents the compound formed
periodic table. The chemical formula of the between X and hydrogen?
compound formed between aluminium and (Only electrons in the outermost shells are
X is Al2X3. Which of the following electron
shown.) What would be the chemical formula of
A the compound formed between X and
calcium?
H X H
A CaX
B CaX2
H
C Ca2X3
B D Ca3X2 D
H
42 Consider the elements from lithium to fluorine
H X H in the second period of the periodic table.
Which of the following statements is correct?
H
A They show a gradual change from
having metallic property to having
C
non-metallic property.
H X H B They show a gradual increase in the
number of occupied electron shells in their
atoms.
D
C They show a gradual decrease in
H X melting point.
D Their oxides change from covalent to ionic.
A
C
Part
43 Which of the following diagrams best A
U
41 The electron diagram of a compound represents the arrangement of particles in a n
formed between an element X and chlorine metal?
it
8
is shown below.
$M 9 $M
$M B
D
shown.)
44 Consider the following table: 47 A portion of the periodic table is shown below.
(SPVQ
Atomic Relative * ** *** *7 7 7* 7** 0
Element
number atomic mass 2 B C
1FSJPE
X 9 19.0 D E 3 F G
Y 13 27.0
Which of the following pairs of elements will form
covalent compound(s) upon combination?
The formula mass of the compound formed
(1) a and f
between X and Y is
(2) b and d
A 40.0. (3) c and e
B 84.0.
A (1) only
C 100.0.
B (2) only
D 111.0. B
C (1) and (3) only
45 Consider the following table:
48 Which of the following molecules have single
Atomic Relative covalent bonds only?
Element
number atomic mass
Part
(1) CH4
A
X 6 12.0
(2) CO2
U
n Y 16 32.1 (3) H2O
it
8 A (1) and (2) only
The relative molecular mass of the compound
B (1) and (3) only
formed between X and Y is
C (2) and (3) only
A 38.1. D (1), (2) and (3) B
B 44.1.
C 56.1. 49 Which of the following molecules contain multiple
D 76.2. bond(s)?
D
(1) CO2
(2) N2
46 Which of the following elements can react
(3) HCN
together to form a covalent compound?
A (1) and (2) only
(1) Magnesium
B (1) and (3) only
(2) Phosphorus
C (2) and (3) only
(3) Oxygen
D (1), (2) and (3) D
(4) Helium
A (1) and (2) only 50 Which of the following statements concerning
B (1) and (4) only chlorine and bromine are correct?
C (2) and (3) only
(1) They form ions with 1 negative charge.
D (3) and (4) only C
(2) They exist as diatomic molecules.
(3) They can react with sodium sulphite
solution.
A (1) and (2) only 51 Which of the following statements concerning a
B (1) and (3) only methane molecule is / are correct?
C (2) and (3) only
(1) The number of bonding electrons contributed
D (1), (2) and (3) D
by each hydrogen atom in the molecule is 2.
(2) The number of bonding electrons 53 X and Y are two different elements. The
contributed by the carbon atom in the electron diagram of a compound formed
molecule is 4. between X and Y is shown below:
(3) The total number of electrons in the
molecule is 8.
A (1) only : 9 9 :
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only B (Only electrons in the outermost shells
are shown.)
52 Which of the following electron diagrams
Which of the following statement is /
are correct?
are correct?
(1) There are 6 electrons in the
outermost shell of an atom of X.
outermost shell of an atom of Y.
(3) Each atom of X in the above
compound has 4 lone pairs of
electrons.
A (1) only
B (2) only Part
A
C (1) and (3) only U
D (2) and (3) only n
A it
8
(1) m
+
54 X, Y and Z are three different elements. The
/B electron diagram (showing electrons in the
)
outermost shells only) of the compound
formed by X, Y and Z is shown below:
+ m
2m 9
(2)
;
2+ 9 : 9
.H #S
9
C (2) and (3) only
B D (1), (2) and (3)
(3)
4 $ 4
(Only electrons in the outermost shells

are shown.)
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
Which of the following statments are correct? Y.
(1) There is 1 electron in the
outermost shell of an atom of Z.
outermost shell of an atom of
X. A (1) and (2) only
(2) There are 4 electrons in the B (1) and (3) only
outermost shell of an atom of C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3) B
55 X, Y and Z are three different elements. The 58 Consider the following elements:
electron diagram (showing electrons in the
outermost shells only) of the compound formed Element X Y Z
by X, Y and Z is shown below:
Atomic number 9 12 16
2m
Which of the following statements
; concerning the elements are correct?
2+
9 (1) X and Y react to give an ionic

:
compound.
; ; (2) X and Z form a compound by
electron sharing.
(3) Y and Z react to form a compound with
Which of the following statments are correct? (2) Ionic bond
(1) There are 2 electrons in the outermost (3) Metallic bond
shell of an atom of X. A (1) and (2) only
(2) There are 4 electrons in the outermost B (1) and (3) only
shell of an atom of Y. C (2) and (3) only
A outermost
(3) There are 7 electrons in the D (1), (2) and (3)
shell of an atom of Z.
Part
A A (1) and (2) only
U
n B (1) and (3) only
it
8
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3) A
56 Which of the following pairs of elements can form

a compound with the chemical formula XY2?
X Y
(1) Carbon oxygen
(2) Lead chlorine
(3) Lithium oxygen
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3) A
57 Which of the following bonds exist in ammonium

nitrate?
(1) Covalent bond
the chemical formula YZ.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3) D

elements in the third period of the periodic table
are correct?
(1) S o d i u m i s m o r e r e a c ti v e t h a n
magnesium.
(2) Phosphorus and chlorine will combine to
form a covalent compound.
(3) The compound formed between silicon and
chlorine has the chemical formula SiCl4.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3) D
60 The atomic numbers of elements X and Y are

smaller than 20. X and Y belong to Group IV and
VI of the periodic table respectively. Which of
the following statements are correct?
(1) X tends to form an ion carrying 2 negative
charges.
(2) Y is a non-metal.
(3) X and Y combine to form a covalent
compound.
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3) C
61 Bromine and chlorine belong to the same group Both bromine and chloride exist as diatomic B
of the periodic table. molecules.
62 Neon and nitrogen combine to form a covalent Neon and nitrogen are non-metals. C
compound.
63 Phosphorus forms a covalent compound with Phosphorus and chlorine belong to the same B
chlorine. period of the periodic table. P
a
rt
A
64 When hydrogen combines with chlorine, an During the reaction, every electron released D U
ionic compound is formed. by a hydrogen atom is accepted by a n
it
chlorine atom. 8
65 Calcium carbonate is a covalent compound. Covalent bonds exist in calcium carbonate. C
Unit 9 Relating the properties 12 Metals are good conductors of electricity due to
of substances to the movement of mobile electrons .
structures and bonding
Fill in the blanks True or false
1 S o d i u m c h l o r i d e has a g ia n t i o n i c 7 Allotropes are two (or more) forms of the
Part structure. same element in which the atoms or molecules

A
U are arranged in different ways.
n 2 Diamond has a giant covalent structure.
it
9 8 In a quartz crystal, each silicon atom is joined
3 Iodine has a simple molecular strcuture. to four oxygen atoms by covalent
bonds, while each oxygen atom is joined
4 Magnesium has a giant metallic structure.
to two silicon atoms.
5 Ionic compounds are usually soluble in water

9 In graphite, the cabon atoms are arranged
but insoluble in non-aqueous solvents.
in flat layers. Within each layer, each carbon
6 Molten ionic compounds can conduct electricity atom is joined to three carbon atoms
because they contain mobile ions. by covalent bonds. Van der Waals’
35
forces exist between the layers. Decide whether each of the following statements is
true or false.
10 Substances with simple molecular structures are
usually slightly soluble or insoluble in water but 13 Quartz and graphite are allotropes. F
very soluble in non-aqueous solvents.
14 The strcuture of silicon is similar to that
T
11 Bromine has a simple molecular structure. The of diamond.
atoms in each molecule are held together by a
15 Silicon carbide (SiC) has a simple F
covalent bond . The separate molecules are held
molecular structure.
together by van der Waals’ forces .
16 Silane (SiH4) has a simple molecular T
structure.
17 Carbon disulphide (CS2) has a giant F

covalent structure.
18 Sugar has a simple molecular structure.T
19 Copper has a giant metallic structure. T
20 Ionic compounds conduct electricity in F

solid state.
21 Sodium chloride is hard due to the strong

T
ionic bonds between the ions.
22 The melting point of diamond is higherF

than that of graphite.
23 In quartz, van der Waals’ forces hold the

F
atoms together.
24 Graphite has a slippery feel. T
25 Diamond is harder than graphite. T
26 Graphite is used as electrodes in dry T

cells.
27 In dry ice, the carbon dioxide molecules

F
are held together by covalent bonds.
28 In iodine, the atoms in each molecule similar physical properties.
F
are held together by van der Waals’
forces. T 31 The melting point of hydrogen chloride is lower than that
of potassium chloride.
29 Iodine is very soluble in water.
T 32 Silver is a good conductor of electricity due to the
30 Carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide have F movement of mobile electrons.
36
35 Which of the following Tetrachloromethane
substances is an electrolyte?
36 Solid zinc chloride CANNOT conduct electricity
A Argon
because
B Potassium
F
C Pota A it contains molecules. B
ssium it is a non-electrolyte. C
fluoride C it is a covalent compound.
D D it does not contain mobile ions. D
37 Ionic compounds have high melting points

Multiple choice questions because
A the ions are packed in layers. B
33 Which of the following terms correctly describes they are insoluble in water.
the structure of potassium bromide? C ionic bonds hold the ions together. D
A Giant covalent structure B they contain mobile ions. C
Giant ionic structure
C Giant metallic structure 38 Magnesium oxide is used to line industrial furnaces
D Simple molecular structure B because it has a very high melting point.
Part
Which type of bond needs to be broken for A
U
34 Which of the following diagrams best represents magnesium oxide to melt? n
the giant structure of a sodium chloride crystal? it
+ A Covalent bond 9
(In these diagrams, represents a Na ion and
– B Dative covalent bond
represents a Cl ion.)
C Ionic bond
D Metallic bond C
A B
39 Which of the following chlorides has the highest
melting point?
A HCl
B KCl
C SCl2
C D
D PCl3 B
40 Which of the following substances is the

hardest?
A Diamond B
A Steel
C Graphite
D Magnesium oxide A
41 Which of the following correctly describes the
A it is a covalent compound.
structure of silicon dioxide?
B it has a giant covalent structure.
A Simple molecular structure B C its atoms are held together
Giant ionic structure by strong ionic bonds.
C Giant covalent structure D D it contains molecules held
Giant metallic structure C together by strong forces.
B
42 Quartz has a very high melting point because
37
43 Which of the following substances is the most stable 47 Which of the following substances consists of
in moist air? separate molecules?
A Ca A Calcium oxide B
B Na Graphite
C SiO2 C Iodine D
D SO2 C Sodium C
Part
A
44 Graphite can be used as a lubricant. This is 48 Which of the following oxides has a simple
U because graphite has
n
molecular structure?
it
9 A mobile ions. A MgO
B delocalized electrons. B Al2O3
C covalent bonds between atoms in the C SiO2
layers. D Cl2O D
D van der Waals’ forces between the layers of
atoms. 49 In which of the following substances do van der
D Waals’ forces exist?
A Quicklime B
45 Which of the following correctly describes the
Silicon
structure of dry ice?
C Solid carbon dioxide
A Giant covalent structure B D Solid ammonium chloride C
Giant ionic structure
C Giant metallic structure 50 Bromine is a liquid at room temperature and
D Simple molecular structure D pressure because
A bromine has a giant covalent structure.
B bromine molecules are diatomic.
C bromine molecules are held together by weak
intermolecular forces only.
D bromine atoms within the molecules are held
by strong covalent bonds.
C
51 A substance melts at –10 °C and boils at 58 °C.

Which of the following statements concerning
the substance is probably correct?
A It has a simple molecular structure.
B It is insoluble in non-aqueous solvents.
C It is a gas at room temperature and
pressure.
D It conducts electricity in solid state.
A
46 Which of the following substances has a simple 52 Which of the following substances is insoluble in
molecular structure? water but soluble in non-aqueous solvents?
38
A Diamond A Common salt
B Mercury B Sugar
C Nitrogen C Sulphur
D Quartz C D Sodium nitrate C
53 An element X combines with chlorine to form Which of the following statements concerning X,
a compound with a simple molecular structure. Y and Z is correct?
The atomic number of X could be
A X has a high melting point.
A 10. B Y has a giant covalent structure.
B 11. C Z gives an apple green flame in flame test.
C 16. D X and Z combine to form a compound with
D 20. C a simple molecular structure.
B
54 The atomic number of element X is 15. It has only
one isotope with a mass number 31. Which of the 57 Consider the following substances:
following statements concerning X is correct?
carbon dioxide (CO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2) and
A X is a gas at room temperature and sodium oxide (Na2O)
pressure.
The ascending order of the melting points of
B The chemical forumla of the hydride of X is
these substances is
XH3.
C There are 16 electrons in an atom of X. A CO2 < Na2O < SiO2
D Covalent bonds hold the molecules of X B CO2 < SiO2 < Na2O
together. C SiO2 < CO2 < Na2O
B D Na2O < SiO2 < CO2 A
55 Consider the following information about three Directions: Questions 58 – 59 refer to the following
elements, X, Y and Z. information of four elements:
Element X Y Z Electrical Part

Melting Boiling
Element conductivity in A
Atomic number 8 12 17 point (°C) point (°C) U
molten / liquid state n
it
W 650 1 120 good conductor 9
Which of the following statements concerning X,
Y and Z is correct? X 1 610 2 230 non-conductor
A X and Z combine to form a covalent Y –39 357 good conductor

compound. Z 113 445 non-conductor
B Y has a simple molecular structure.
C Z exists as a liquid at room conditions.
D A metal cyclinder containing X should bear 58 Which of the following statements is
the following hazard warning label. INCORRECT?
A W is a brittle solid.
B X has a giant covalent structure.
C Y is a good conductor of heat.
D Z is a non-metal. A
A
59 Element Y is likely to be
56 Consider the following information about three
elements, X, Y and Z. A magnesium.
39
Element X Y Z
Atomic number 7 14 20
B
mercury
.
C
sili B
co
n.
D
so
di
u
m.
40
60 Consider the information below: 63 X and Y are elements. The melting points of their
chlorides are given below:
Melting Electrical Solubility in
Substance
point (°C) conductivity water
W –7 non-conducting slightly soluble
X 46 non-conducting insoluble
Y 420 conducting insoluble

Which of the
Z 782 non-conducting soluble following
statements is
Which of the substances correct?
exists as a simple molecular A Both X and Y
solid at room temperature? are non-
A W metals.
B X B The chloride
of X is an
C Y
ionic
B D Z
compound.
C The chloride of
61 A Group I
Y is a solid at
element X
room
forms a
temperature
compound with
and pressure.
a Group VII
D The chloride of
element Y.
Y conducts
Which of the
electricityCin
following
solid state.
statements
concerning the
compound is
64 Which of the
INCORRECT?
following
A The substances can
compound conduct electricity
has a giant in both solid and
ionic liquid states?
structure.
B The compound A
Part
A is a liquid at
U
room C
n
it temperature a
9
and pressure. r
C The chemical b
formula of o
the n
compound is
XY. d
D The i
compound o
B conducts x
electricity in i
molten state. d
e d low melting
C Magne point. 66 Why does a silver
B sium D The chemical wire conduct C
D Sodiu formula of Z is electricity when it is
D m XY4. connected to a
i chlorid battery?
a e
A Mobile electrons in
m the metal move.
o 65 Copper has a B Silver ions move
high melting
n A it is ductile. towards the
point because
B positive terminal
it contains mobile electrons.
r C it is malleable. of the battery.
m D C The silver
metallic bonds hold its particles atomsD
together.
62 The table
become ions.A
below e
D The structure of
shows the d
silver breaks down.
informatio
b Molten Aqueous
n of two Substance Solid state
67 state
The solution
table below
elements. y
W ✘ shows
✘ the electrical
✘
conductivity of four
e ✘ ✔
Element X substances W, ✔X, Y
l
X Y ✘ and
✘ Z. ✔
e
Y c ✔ ✔ (insoluble in
Z
t 40 water)
Which of r
the o
following n
statements
concerning t
the r
compound a
Z formed n
between X s
and Y is f
correct? e
r
A T .
h B Z
e ha
b s
o a
n gi
d an
s t
i str
n uc
tu
Z
re
a
.
r C Z
e ha C
f s
o a
(In the table, ✔ and ✘ represent ‘can 70 Which of the following substances has / have
conduct giant structure(s)?
electricity’ and ‘cannot conduct electricity’ (1) Oxygen
respectively.) (2) Potassium oxide
Which of the substances is likely to be a (3) Silicon dioxide
metal? A (1) only
A W B (2) only
B X C (1) and (3) only
C Y D (2) and (3) only D
D Z D
Directions: Questions 68 C
– 69 refer to h
the melting l
points and o
boiling points r
of four i
substances at n
1 atm e
pressure as
listed in the C
table below:
O
Substance Melting point (°C) x
y
Bromine –7
g
Chlorine –101 e
n
Oxygen –218
D Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen
–88
bromide
69 Which of the
following chemical
bonds / attractive
68 Which substance forces exist(s) in all
exists as a liquid at four substances at
–50 °C and 1 atm 25 °C and 1 atm
pressure? pressure?
A (1) Van der Waals’

forces
B (2) Ionic bond
B r (3) Covalent bond
o A (1) only
m B (2) only
i C (1) and (3) only
C n D (2) and (3) only
e
41
71 Which of the ure. 75 Selenium (Se) is a
following group VI element
A (1) and (2) only
substances of the periodic
B (1) and (3) only
can conduct table. Which of the
C (2) and (3) only
electricity? following
A D (1), (2) and (3)
statements
(1) Graphi
Which of concerning
te 74 A certain form of
the following selenium are
(2) Molte solid carbon is
statements correct?
n zinc composed of C60
chlori concerning molecules. Each C60 (1) Selenium
de silicon molecule is formed forms a
(3) Magnesium carbide are by 60 carbon atoms covalent
sulphate correct? bonded together hydride.
solution like a football as (2) The chloride
(1) Its
A (1) and shown in the of selenium
chemi
(2) only diagram below: is a solid
cal
B (1) and formu with a
(3) only la is network
C (2) and SiC2. structure.
(3) only (2) It has (3)
D Selenium 2–
D (1), (2) a high forms Se
and (3) meltin ions when
g reacted
72 The structure point. with Group
of silicon (3) It is insoluble in I elements.
Part
A carbide is water.
U
n shown below: A (1) and
it
9 (2) only
LFZ: Which of the
B (1) and P
following a
(3) only rt
statements is / A
C (2) and
are correct? U
(3) only C n
it
D (1), (2) (1) The solid is 9
and (3) insoluble in
73 Germanium is oid. water.
a Group IV (2) It has (2) The solid is
element a harder than
below silicon high diamond.
in the melti (3) The melting
periodic table. ng point of the
Which of the point. solid is
following (3) I ts higher than
statements fl uori that of
concerning de graphite.
germanium is has
A (1) only
/ are probably a
B (2) only
correct? giant
C (1) and (3) only
coval
(1) It is a A D (2) and (3) only
ent
metall
struct
42
A (1) and (2) electricity. (2) Magnesium NOT conduct electricity at
only From these chloride has room temperature. It may
B (1) and (3) information it a giant ionic have a
only can be structure. (1) giant covalent
C (2) and (3) deduced that (3) Both sodium structure.
only chloride and B
(1) X has a (2) giant ionic
D (1), (2) and magnesium
simple structure.
(3) chloride
molecula (3) giant metallic
r conduct structure.
76 Which of the structure. electricity
following properties of A (1) and (2) only
(2) the when heated
graphite is B (1) and (3) only
attractiv to 750 °C.
/ are C (2) and (3) only
e
evidence(s) to A A (1) and (2) only D (1), (2) and (3)
forces
support that B (1) and (3) only
betwee
covalent bonds C (2) and (3) only
n
are strong? A D (1), (2) and (3)
molecul
(1) It is es of X
slippery. 79 The following table
are
shows the melting
(2) It has a weak.
points of three
high (3) the compounds.
melting attractiv
point. e
(3) It can Compound
forces
conduct
betwee NaH
electricity.
n the
SiH4
A (1) only atoms
B (2) only of X H2S
C (1) and (3) are
only weak. Which of the following B
D (2) and (3) statements can be
only A (1) and (2)
deduced from the
only
above data?
B (1) and (3)
77 Element X exists only (1) NaH is a solid
as diatomic C (2) and (3) at 700 °C.
molecules. only (2) SiH4 has a A
Solid X has a D (1), (2) and giant covalent
very low (3) structure.
melting point. (3) H2S is a solid
It is insoluble at room
78 Refer to the
in water but temperature
information of
soluble in non- some chlorides and pressure.
aqueous shown in the A Chloride
(1) only Melting point (°C) Boiling point (°C)
solvents. X does following table.
not conduct B (2) NaCl
only 808 1 465
C (1) and (3) only
Which of the following ride is a
D (2)MgCl
and2 (3) only 712 1 418
statements are correct? liquid atA
room SiCl4 –68 57
(1) Silicon
temperature 80 X has a very high
tetrachlo
and pressure. melting point and does
43
81 The no giant covalent X2O3. Which of
atomi n- structure. the following
c aq (2) Its chemical statements are
numb ue formula is XY2. correct?
ers of ou (3) It is very
(1) The
two s soluble in
chemical
eleme sol water.
formula
nts X ve A (1) only of the
and Y nts B (2) only chloride Part
are . C (1) and (3) only of X is A
U
19 (3) I t D (2) and (3) only XCl3. B n
it
and co (2) X2O3 has a giant9
16 nd 83 Metal X ionic structure.
respe uct reacts with (3) X2O3 conducts
ctively s oxygen to electricity in molten
. ele form a state.
Which ctr compound A (1) and (2) only
of icit with a
B (1) and (3) only
the y chemical
C (2) and (3) only
follow in formula
D (1), (2) and
D (3)
ing aq
84 Consider the 85 Consider the
state ue
following elements: following elements:
ments ou
conce s
rning sol Element Atomic number Element Atomic nu
the uti
comp on. P 9 P 7
ound Q 17
A (1) and (2) only Q 12
forme
B (1) and (3) only
d Elements P and Q
C (2) and (3) only Elements P and Q
betwe combine to form a combine toB form a
D (1), (2) and (3)
en X compound compound
and Y X. Which of the X. Which of the
82 The atomic
are following statements following statements
numbers of elements X
correc about X are correct? about X are correct?
and Y are
t? 8 and 9 (1) X is formed (1) X is formed by
(1) Its respectivel by electron electron
chemical y. They sharing. transfer.
formula combine (2) The relative (2) X is a solid
is X2Y. to form a molecular at room
(2) It compound mass of X temperature
is Z. Which of is 54.5. and pressure.
ve the (3) X is a solid (3) The
ry following at room
so formula
statements temperature
A (1)
lu and (2) only B (1) and (3) only
concerning and pressure. mass of X
B (1)
bl and (3) only C (2) and (3) only
Z is / are is 90.6. A A
C (2)
e and (3) only correct? D (1), (2) and (3)
D (1),
in (2) and (3) A (1) and (2)
(1) It has a
44
only
1st statement
86 All ionic compounds are soluble in water.
P 87 Potassium chloride has a high melting point.

a
rt
A
U
n 88 Iodine is slightly soluble in non-aqueous solvents.
it
9
89 Covalent bonds are weak.
45
90 Both diamond and graphite conduct electricity. Diamond and graphite are allotropes of C
carbon.
91 The solubility of calcium carbonate in water is Calcium carbonate is an ionic compound whileC
much greater than that of ammonia. ammonia is a covalent compound.
92 The aqueous solution of sugar conducts Sugar reacts with water to form ions. D
electricity.
93 When iodine sublimes, it absorbs heat. Large amount of heat is required to break B
the strong covalent bonds between iodine atoms.
94 Carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide have similar Both carbon and silicon belong to Group IV C
physical properties. of the periodic table.
95 Metals are good conductors of heat. Metals contain mobile electrons. A
Part B Topic-based exercise
Multiple choice questions
1 The following ideas were those underlying John A Y exists in the liquid state. Part
Dalton’s atomic theory, published in 1803. B
B Z exists in the liquid state.
Which idea is known to be correct? C X and Y exists in the liquid state.
D X, Y and Z exist in the gaseous state. B
A Atoms are indivisible.
B Atoms are very small. 39
3 The representation K indicates that this atom
19
C Atoms of an element are identical.
has
D Atoms of one element always differ in mass
from those of another element. A 19 protons, 19 neutrons and 20 electrons.
B B 19 protons, 20 neutrons and 19 electrons.
C 20 protons, 20 neutrons and 19 electrons.
2 The melting and boiling points of three substances D 20 protons, 19 neutrons and 20 electrons.
X, Y and Z are given in the table below: B
Substance X Yof electrons

Z and neutrons equal?
4 In which species are the numbers
Melting point (°C) –146 9–210 –108
A Be 4
Boiling point (°C) –80 –105 –45 B 23

11 +
27 Na
A mixture of the three substances at –110 °C is C 13 Al
35 –
allowed to warm up gradually to –70 °C. Which D 17 Cl D
of the descriptions is correct?
2+
5 M is an element. The M ion possesses 34 11 Which of the following statements concerning the
neutrons and 27 electrons. What is M? elements in Group 0 is INCORRECT?
A Co A They can be found in the air.
B Cu B Their boiling points increase down the
C Ga group.
D Se B C They exist in gaseous state at room temperature
and pressure.
84 86
6 A sample of krypton consists of 45.0% Kr and 55.0% Kr. D Their atoms have the same number of
The relative atomic mass of krypton is outermost shell electrons.
D
A 84.9.
B 85.0. 12 Consider the following atoms:
C 85.1.
D 85.5. Atom W X Y Z C
7 Iodine
Number
(relative neutrons
of 7 18 8 20
atomic mass
= 126.9) Which of the
consists of a following
mixture of statements is
two INCORRECT?
126
isotopes: I A W and Y belong to
127
and I. the same period.
What is the B X and Z have
relative similar chemical
abundance properties but
127
of I in different physical
iodine? properties.
A 10.0% C W is a gas at
B 30.0% room
C 70.0% temperature B
D D 90.0% and pressure.
D X is a non-metal.
8 A and B are
two
halogens. If
the atomic
number of A
is x, then
the atomic
number of
B could be
13 ion
number
is
neutr
34
P A x – 4. 79 2–
a
rt B x – 10.
B
C x + 6.
D x + 18. D
9 Which of the A 32.
following pairs of
B 34.
atoms have
C 36.
similar chemical
D 45. D
properties?
14 140
Cerium
3+ (Ce) forms
the Ce ion. The
58 number
4 20
A 2X of
an electrons
d
in this ion
10Y
B
12 is
anX A 55.
d
24
6
Y
12
23
35
C 11
40
X and 17
40
Y
D 18
X and 20
Y B 58. A
C 61.
10 Which of the D 140. A
following pairs of
elements in 15 When an atom of
Groups I and VII a Group I element
of the periodic X forms an ion,
table would A its
react with each mass
other most number
vigorously? increases.
B the
Group I
charge of
VII
the
A Rb Cl nucleus
B Rb Br increases.
C Na Cl C Its
D Na Br atomic A
number
46
decreases
.
D the number
of occupied
electron D
shells
decreases.
–
16 X is an element and the ion X has an electronic 19 Which of the following diagrams best represents
arrangement 2,8,8. Which of the following the arrangement of particles in a sample of
statements concerning X is correct? chlorine at room temperature and pressure?
A X is a halogen.
B X is a transition metal.
C X is a Group 0 element. A
D X is a Period 4 element. A
17 Which of the following compounds contains ions B

which have the same electronic arrangement?
C
A Na2O
B Li3N
C CaO
D
D SrCl2 A
18
I C
n
t
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
s
h
o
w
n
b
e
l
o
w
,
t
h
e
47
u 3 BLFS
m
l C .
b F H
3m
Part
9
Which of the following changes would cause the B
d
o bulb to light up?
e A Add more solid copper(II) chloride to the
s beaker. What would be
B Add water to the chemical
N dissolve the formula of the
O solid compound
T copper(II) formed between
chloride. X and chlorine?
l C Replace the
i A XCl2
carbon
g B XCl3
electrodes
h C X2Cl3
with copper
D X3Cl2 B
t electrodes.
D Reverse the
21 Element E forms a
u connections to the
B sulphate with the
p electrodes.
chemical formula
.
E2(SO4)3. Element
Z forms a
20 The molecular
electr hydride with the
on chemical
DBSCP DBSCP
diagr formula H2Z. The
O O am chemical formula
FMFDUS FMFDUS of a of the compound
PEF PEF comp formed from E
ound and Z is likely to
forme be
d
betw A EZ
een B EZ2
magn C E2Z3
esium D E3Z2 C
and 22 X, Y and Z are three 25 The table below shows
elem different elements. A the colour of the
ent X compound formed aqueous solutions of
is between these elements three ionic
Compound Colour of aqueous solution
show has the following compounds.
n WX structure:
electronic green
below
YX colourless
.
YZ purple
2 9 : ;
+
.
H
MJE DPQQFS(**) DIMPSJEF
TP (Only electrons 9 in the
48
Melting Electrical Solubility
Solid
point conductivity in water
outermost non- 26 Consider the
W very high insoluble
shells are Which of the conducting information below:
shown.) following non-
P X very low soluble
a combinations conducting
rt
How many
B electrons are about the non-
Y
24 high soluble
colours of the conducting
there in the DPMPVSFE
outermost ions involved Z DSZTUBM
high good insoluble
shell of an is most likely
atom of Y? to be correct?
2+ 2– 2+ Which of the
A 4 W (aq) X (aq) Y (aq) Z (aq) following solids is
+ m
B 5 A Colourless green purple likely to be zinc
colourless 20 7 E.D. QPXFS TVQQMZ chloride?
C 6 B Colourless colourless A W
colourless colourless A A colour moved B X
D 7 C Greentowardscolourless
the right colourless C purple
Y
D Greenin the above
greenset- purple purple
D ZC
23 Element X compoun up. The coloured C
forms an d. crystal on the
3–
27 Which of the
anion X filter paper could following solids
with an be has a low melting
electronic
point and a high
arrangemen
electrical
t 2,8. Which
conductivity?
of the
following A copper(II) sulphate.
statements B potassium chromate.
concerning X C sodium permanganate.
is correct? D zinc sulphate. A
A It is in
Group III 28 Which of the and silicon dioxide
of the following have similar physical
periodic statements properties.
table. concerning carbon
B It is a dioxide is correct?
solid at 29 Which of the following
A Solid carbon
room substances has the highest
dioxide has a
temperat melting point?
covalent
ure and network A
pressure. structure.
C It exists B Carbon M
as e
C dioxide is
diatomic
used to fill t
molecules.
weather h
D It can
balloons. a
react
C Carbon dioxide n
with C
dissolves in e
neon to
water to give an
form a
acidic solution. B
covalent
D Carbon dioxide
49
C
S 33 An r
o element m i
d (melting o u
i point l m
u above 3 e
m 000 °C) c c
forms an u h
C oxide l l
which is a o
S a gas at r r
i room i
l temperat D d
i ure. e
c What C
o type of o B
n structure v
is likely a C
D to be l a
present e e
S in the n s
u element? t i
l A u
p n m
h I e
u o t c
r n w h
i o l
c r o
k r
B i
34 Which d
M of the e
e followin
t g C
a chloride
l s is C
l most a
i likely to l
c be c
C soluble i
in u D
C tetrachl m
o oromet
v hane, c
a CCl4? h
l l
A
e o
n r
B
t i
a D
50
d l r
e propertie n
D s of i
Phosphorus three n
trichloride substanc g
es X, Y
35 The and Z
v
phy are
a
sica shown
n
below.
30 W d
Electrical
h e conductivity
Melting Boiling
r Substance
i point (°C) point (°C) in solid in molten
c state state
h W
a X 801 1 413 poor good
o a Y 2 852 3 600 poor good

f l
Z 3 550 4 827 good not known
s
t ’
h
e f
o
f r
o c
l e
l s
o
w i
i s
n
g c
o
s r
t r
a e
t c
e t
m ?
e A They exist in diamond.
n B They exist in limestone.
t C They exist in dry ice.
s D They exist in solid ammonium nitrate. C
c 31 In which of the bonding type

o following groups among the
n of substances substances?
c there exists a A Barium fluoride,
e difference in magnesium
51
fluoride, 8 and 9 te
Part
potassium respectively. mp B
fluoride What could be the They combine era
B Carbon identities of X, Y and to form a tur
X Y Z
monoxide, Z? compound Z. e
sulphur A NaF Which KClof the Fe an
dioxide, B NaBr following
BaO SiO2 d
methane C C NaCl statements
MgO C(graphite) pre
Chromium, D NaBr concerning
CaO Z C(diamond) C ssu
magnesium, is re.
nickel INCORRECT?
D Boron
A Its chemical
trichloride formula is XY2. 38 Consider the
, silicon D B It following
tetrachlori is elements:
de, fo
sodium r Eleme
chloride. m X
e
d Y
32 Which of the following chlorides has the by
lowest el Whic
boiling point?
ec h of
A HCl tr
the
B KCl o
C AlCl3 n follo
D CCl4 A sh
wing
36 Consider the ar
39 X and Y are
in state
following elements. The
information boiling points g. ment
about four of their oxides C
s is
substances, are given V
W, X, Y and below: an corre
Z d ct? A
er
Electrical W X
Melting Boiling
Substance conductivity at room aa
point (°C) point (°C) has
temperature ls’
a
W 71 375 poor conductor fo
rc simpl
X 98 890 good conductor
A W es e
Y –130 36 B X
poor conductor ex
C Y ist mole
Z –138 –0.5 poor conductor
D ZC in cular
Which substance has a it.
37 The struc
Part simple molecular D It is a
B atomic crystalline ture.
structure and is a liquid numbers of
D solid at B Y is a
at room temperature? elements X room volatile
and Y are
52
liquid. Which of the has (have) an octet structure
C The following in the outermost shell(s)?
comp statements is +
(1) Li
ound correct? 3–
(2) N
forme
A X is a metal. (3) Ar
d
B The oxide of X
betwe is a covalent A (1) only
en X compound. B (2) only
and Y C The oxide of Y C (1) and (3) only
has a is a gas at D (2) and (3) only D
giant room
covale temperature 42 Which of the following
nt and pressure. statements about the
struct D Van der periodic table are correct?
ure. Waals’ forces (1) The reactivity of Group
D The exist in the B
II elements increases
comp oxide of Y. with relative atomic
ound D
mass.
forme
(2) The boiling point of
d 40 A gallium isotope Group VII increases
31
betwe 68
Ga can be used with relative atomic
en X to detect tumours. mass.
and Y Which of the (3) All elements in Group
has a following 0 exist in gaseous
low statements about state at room
meltin this gallium temperature and
g isotope is / are pressure.
point. correct?
(1) It has 37
neutrons.
(2) Its atomic
number is
68.
(3) Its
chemical
properties
are the
same as
those of
other
isotopes of
gallium.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
41 Which of the
following species
53
A (1) and (2) only 46 Which of the following properties of Group II
B (1) and (3) only elements increase with relative atomic mass?
C (2) and (3) only
(1) Atomic size
D (1), (2) and (3) D
(2) Melting point
(3) Reactivity with water
43 In moving from Group I to Group VII across the
third period of the periodic table, which of the A (1) and (2) only
following physical properties of the elements show B (1) and (3) only
a gradual change? C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3) B
(1) Atomic size
(2) Metallic character
47 Caesium (Cs) belongs to Group I of the periodic
(3) Melting point
table. Caesium reacts with bromine to form a
A (1) and (2) only compound. Which of the following statements
B (1) and (3) only concerning the compound are correct?
C (2) and (3) only
(1) Its chemical formula is CsBr.
D (1), (2) and (3) A
(2) I t is very soluble in non-aqueous
solvents.
44 The elements, sodium to chlorine, in the third (3) It is a crystalline solid at room temperature
period of the periodic table show a gradual change and pressure.
in properties. Which of the following descriptions
are correct? A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
(1) The number of outermost shell electrons
C (2) and (3) only
in their atoms increases.
D (1), (2) and (3) B
(2) Their ability to gain electrons increases.
(3) Their chlorides change from covalent to
48 Strontium (Sr) is a Group II element. Which of
ionic.
the following statements concerning strontium is
A (1) and (2) only / are correct? Part
B
B (1) and (3) only
(1) Strontium does not burn in air.
C (2) and (3) only
(2) Strontium reacts with water to liberate
D (1), (2) and (3) A
hydrogen.
(3) All its compounds are coloured.
45 A small piece of potassium is dropped into a
trough of water. A piece of red litmus paper is A (1) only
used to test the water after the experiment. Which B (2) only
of the following observations are correct? C (1) and (3) only
(1) The potassium moves on the water
surface with a hissing sound.
(2) The potassium burns with a lilac flame. 49 Germanium (Ge) is a Group IV element below
silicon in the periodic table. Which of the following
(3) The water turns the red litmus paper
statements concerning germanium are correct?
blue.
(1) It has a giant covalent structure.
A (1) and (2) only
(2) Its atomic size is larger than that of
B (1) and (3) only
silicon.
C (2) and (3) only
(3) Its fluoride has a chemical formula GeF4.
D (1), (2) and (3) D
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3) D
50 Which of the following statements concerning A (1) only
chlorine are correct? B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
(1) It exists as diatomic molecules.
D (2) and (3) only D
(2) It is denser than air.
(3) It is used to sterilize swiming pool
water. 54 Which of the following bonds or attractive forces
exist in calcium carbonate?
A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only (1) Ionic bond
C (2) and (3) only (2) Covalent bond
D (1), (2) and (3) D
(3) Van der Waals’ forces
A (1) and (2) only
51 Which of the following statements concerning B (1) and (3) only
halogens are correct? C (2) and (3) only
(1) Compounds of fluorine are added to tap D (1), (2) and (3) A
water to help prevent tooth decay.

(2) Bromine is a volatile liquid. 55 Which of the following substances have giant
(3) Iodine can sublime. structures?
A (1) and (2) only (1) Copper

B (1) and (3) only (2) Nitrogen dioxide
C (2) and (3) only (3) Silicon dioxide
D (1), (2) and (3) D A (1) and (2) only
B (1) and (3) only
52 Which of the following statements concerning C (2) and (3) only
chlorine, bromine and iodine are correct? D (1), (2) and (3) B
(1) They are all coloured substances.

(2) Their reactivity decreases down the 56 Consider the following information:
Part
B group. Attractions between
(3) Van der Waals’ forces exist between their Substance particles in substance
molecules .
(1) Neon van der Waals’ forces
A (1) and (2) only (2) Zinc metallic bond
B (1) and (3) only (3) Magnesium chloride ionic bond
C (2) and (3) only
Which of the following combinations are
D (1), (2) and (3) D
correct?
53 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an oxide of hydrogen. A (1) and (2) only

Which of the following statements concerning a B (1) and (3) only
hydrogen peroxide molecule is / are correct? C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3) D
(1) The number of bonding electrons
57 In which of the (2) Dry ice,
contributed by each hydrogen atom in
following groups nitrogen
the molecule is 2.
of substances do dioxide, water
(2) The number of bonding electrons
members have (3) Copper(II)
contributed by each oxygen atom in the
the same chloride,
molecule is 2.
bonding type? hydrogen
(3) The total number of electrons in the
chloride,
molecule is 18. (1) Copper,
mercury, zinc
tungsten chloride
52
A (1) and (2) 60 Consider the following h
only elements:
B (1) and (3) o
only f
C (2) and (3) Element Atomic number
only A t
D (1), (2) and (3) P 7
h
Q 9 e
58 Which of the
following Elements P and Q f
substances combine to form a o
contain compound l
delocalized X. Which of l
electrons? the following o
statements w
(1)
Grap about X are i
hite correct? n
(2) Methane (1) X is formed by g
(3) electron transfer.
(2) The p
S
relativ r
B (2) only
o e o
C (1) and (3) only
d molec p
ular e
i
mass r
u of X t
is i
m
71.0. e
(3) Van der Waals’ s
A forces exist in X.
o
A (1) and (2) only
f
B (1) and (3) only
(
C (2) and (3) only
p
1 D (1), (2) and (3) C
o
) t
a
s
o s
n i
u
l
m
y
c
h
l
59 W o
h r
i i
c d
53
e s
i a
s r
e
/
s
a t
r r
e o
n
e g
v ?
i
(1) I
d
t
e Part
B
n
c
c
a
e
n
(
s
c
)
o
n
t
d
o
u
c
s
t
u
p
e
p
l
o
e
r
c
t
t
r
t
i
h
c
a
i
t
t
y
i
o
i
n
n
i
c
m
o
b
l
o
t
n
e
d
n
54
s
t
a
t
e
.
(2) It has a high melting point.
(3) It is soluble in water.
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
55
61 Isotopes of an element have the same chemical Isotopes of an element have the same number A
properties. of outermost shell electrons.
62 Argon is used to fill electric light bulbs. Argon exists as monoatomic molecules. B
B
63 Nitrogen is used to fill the packets of potato Nitrogen is a gas at room temperature and
chips. pressure.
64 Aqueous solution of carbon dioxide cannot Carbon dioxide is a covalent compound. C

conduct electricity.
65 Metals are good conductors of electricity. Metals contain mobile electrons. A

C
66 Bromine is a good conductor of electricity. Bromine contains mobile bromine molecules.
P
a D
rt 67 All covalent substances are insoluble in water. All covalent substances have simple molecular
B
structures.
68 The boiling point of bromine is higher than that The van der Waals’ forces between bromine A
of chlorine. molecules are stronger than those between
chlorine molecules.
69 The melting point of hydrogen chloride is lower Hydrogen chloride is a covalent compound B
than that of zinc chloride. while zinc chloride is an ionic compound.
70 In ammonia, the mass of hydrogen is three An ammonia molecule contains one nitrogen C
times that of nitrogen. atom and three hydrogen atoms.
Short questions
71 Complete the following table by (12 marks)
a) filling in the names or symbols of the elements;
b) classifying each element into metal, metalloid or non-metal.
Element Symbol Metal / Metalloid / Non-metal
Argon Ar non-metal
Carbon C non-metal
Calcium Ca metal
Fluorine F non-metal
Germanium Ge metalloid
Lithium Li metal
Magnesium Mg metal
Neon Ne non-metal
Nitrogen N non-metal
Potassium K metal
Phosphorus P non-metal
(0.5 x 24) Silicon Si metalloid
72 Complete the following table. (20 marks) Part

B
Atomic Mass Number of

Atom Symbol
number number protons neutrons electrons
Oxygen 8 16 16
8 O 8 8 8
23
Sodium 11 23 11 Na 11 12 11
27
Aluminium 13 27 13 Al 13 14 13
32
Sulphur 16 32 16 S 16 16 16
35
Chlorine 17 35 17 Cl 17 18 17
39
Potassium 19 39 19 K 19 20 19
40
Calcium 20 40 20 Ca 20 20 20
56
(0.5 x 40) Iron 26 56 26 Fe 26 30 26
73 Look at the list of elements.
boron chlorine copper fluorine magnesium nickel nitrogen phosphorus
Answer the following questions. Choose all your answers from the list. Each element can be used once,
more than once or not at all. (6 marks)
a) Write down the name of a greenish yellow gas.
chlorine (1)
b) Write down the name of an element that forms compounds that are blue in colour.
copper (1)
c) Write down the name of the element whose atom contains 15 protons.
phosphorus (1)
d) Write down the name of the element whose atom has an electronic arrangement 2,5.
nitrogen (1)
e) Write down the name of a metalloid.
boron (1)
f) Write down the name of an element that forms ions which is green in aqueous solution.
nickel (1)
74 a) Complete the following table. (20 marks)
Part
B Atomic Mass Number of Electronic
Species
number number protons neutrons electrons arrangement
i) Beryllium atom 4 9 4 5 4 2,2
ii) Neon atom 10 20 10 10 10 2,8
iii) Silicon atom 14 28 14 14 14 2,8,4
iv) Phosphorus atom 15 31 15 16 15 2,8,5
v) Potassium ion 19 39 19 20 18 2,8,8
vi) Nitride ion 7 14 7 7 10 2,8
vii) Magnesium ion 12 24 12 12 10 2,8
viii) Fluoride ion 9 19 9 10 10 2,8
ix) Sodium ion 11 23 11 12 10 2,8
x) Sodium atom 11 23 11 12 11 2,8,1
(0.5 x 40)
b) Which species in the above table is / are negatively charged? (1 mark)
Species (vi) & (viii) / nitride ion and fluoride ion (0.5 x 2)
c) In which group of the periodic table should species (iii) be placed? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
Group IV; (1)
it has 4 electrons in its outermost shell. (1)
d) State the relationship between species (ix) and (x). (1 mark)
Species (ix) is the cation of species (x) / (ix) and (x) are the ion and atom of the same element. (1)
75 a) Write down the chemical formula for each of the following compounds. (8 marks)
Name Chemical formula
Aluminium hydroxide Al(OH)3
Ammonium dichromate (NH4)2Cr2O7
Calcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2
Copper(II) chloride CuCl2
Iron(III) oxide Fe2O3
Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2
Potassium carbonate K2CO3
Sodium sulphite Na2SO3 (1 x 8)
Part
b) Write down the names of the following compounds. (8 marks) B
Chemical formula Name
KHCO3 potassium hydrogencarbonate
Fe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulphate
Cu(OH)2 copper(II) hydroxide
Mg3N2 magnesium nitride
Zn(NO3)2 zinc nitrate
NaS sodium sulphide
Al2O3 aluminium oxide
AgCl silver chloride (1 x 8)

76 Complete the following table. (21 marks)
Cation Anion Compound

Colour of
Name Formula Name Formula Name Formula aqueous
solution
+
ammonium NH4 carbonate CO3
2–
ammonium carbonate (NH4)2CO3 colourless
–
copper(II) 2+ nitrate NO3 copper(II) nitrate Cu(NO3)2 blue
Cu
iron(II) Fe
2+ sulphate SO 4
2–
iron(II) sulphate FeSO4 pale green
–
potassium + permanganate MnO4 potassium permanganate KMnO4 purple
K
–
nickel(II) Ni
2+ chloride Cl nickel(II) chloride NiCl2 green
aluminium 3+
Al iodide I
– aluminium iodide All3 colourless
–
chromium(III) Cr
3+ chloride Cl chromium(III) chloride CrCl3 green
2–
sodium Na
+
dichromate Cr2O7 sodium dichromate Na2Cr2O7 orange
–
zinc Zn
2+ bromide Br zinc bromide ZnBr2 colourless
(0.5 x 42)
77 a) Use an electron diagram to show the electron transfer when each of the following pairs of elements
combine, showing electrons in the outermost shells only. (3 marks)
i) Calcium and chlorine
m
P
a
rt
B
2+
$B
m
(1)
ii) Magnesium and nitrogen
3m
2+
.H
2+
H
3m
2+
.H
(1)
iii) Sodium and sulphur
+
2m
/B
P
a
+ rt
B
/B
(1)
b) Use an electron diagram to show the sharing of electrons when each of the following pairs of elements
combine, showing electrons in the outermost shells only. (3 marks)
i) Phosphorus and chlorine
(1)
ii) Oxygen and hydrogen
(1)
iii) Chlorine and fluorine
(1)
78 Calculate the formula masses or relative molecular masses of the following substances. (5 marks)
Formula mass /
Relative atomic
Substance Chemical formula relative molecular
mass(es)
mass
Oxygen O2 O = 16.0 32.0
Part C = 12.0
B Carbon dioxide CO2 44.0
O = 16.0
N = 14.0
Potassium nitrate KNO3 O = 16.0 101.1
K = 39.1
H = 1.0
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 O = 16.0 74.1
Ca = 40.1
O = 16.0
Iron(III) sulphate Fe2(SO4)3 S = 32.1 399.9
Fe = 55.8 (1 x 5)
79 Phosphorus and nitrogen are in Group V of the periodic table and both elements form hydrides. Phosphine,
+
PH3, reacts to form phosphonium ions, PH4 , in a way similar to that by which ammonia, NH 3, forms ammonium
+
ions, NH4 .
+
a) Give the name of the type of bond formed when PH reacts with an H
3 ion. (1 mark)
Dative covalent bond (1)

b) Explain how the bond is formed. (2 marks)
The phosphorus atom (1)
supplies both bonding electrons to the hydrogen ion. (1)
80 Arrange the following substances into four groups according to their structures:
carbon dioxide, chlorine, copper, copper(II) sulphate, diamond, magnesium fluoride, nitrogen, quartz, sodium,
sodium sulphide (5 marks)
Giant Giant Simple Gaint

ionic covalent structure molecular metallic structure
structuresulphate,
copper(II) diamond, structure
carbon dioxide, copper,
magnesium fluoride, quartz chlorine, sodium
sodium sulphide nitrogen
(0.5 x 10)
81 Write down the type of forces of attraction (ionic bond / covalent bond / metallic bond / van der Waals’
forces) present in each of the following cases: (5 marks)
Forces of attraction
Between carbon atoms in diamond covalent bond
Between carbon dioxide molecules in dry ice van der Waals’ forces Part
B
Between particles in calcium nitride ionic bond
Between particles in magnesium metallic bond
Between carbon and oxygen atoms in a

covalent bond
carbon dioxide molecule
(1 x 5)
82 Consider the following liquids: molten
potassium
molten sulphur
molten potassium chloride
liquid hydrogen chloride
a) Classify each of the above liquids in one of the following three ways according to its response to a direct
current: (4 marks)
Conductor, with decomposition Conductor, but wit hout

Non-conductor
at the electrodes decomposition
molten sulphur (1) molten potassium chloride (1) molten potassium (1)
liquid hydrogen chloride (1)
b) For each of the above liquids which are conductors, state the particles responsible for the conduction of
electricity. (2 marks)
molten potassium chloride — mobile potassium ions and chloride ions (1)
molten potassium — mobile electrons (1)
Structured questions
107 109
83 Silver occurs in nature as two isotopes: Ag and Ag. The relative abundance of these isotopes is shown
below.
Part
B
107
Ag 55
109
Ag 45
a) State the meaning of the term ‘relative atomic mass’. (2 marks)
The relative atomic mass of an element is the weighted average relative isotopic mass of all the naturally occurring
isotopes of that element (1)
12
on the C = 12.00 scale. (1)
b) Calculate the relative atomic mass of silver. (2 marks)

107 x 55 + 109 x 45
100 (1)
= 107.9 (1)
c) Is it possible to separate the isotopes of silver by chemical means? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
Isotopes of silver have the same chemical properties. (1)
Hence it is impossible to separate the isotopes of silver by chemical means. (1)
84 Silicon occurs naturally in three isotopic forms. The relative abundance of each isotope is shown in the table
below:
Isotope 28
Si
29
Si
30
Si
Relative abundance (%) ? ? 3.1
a) State the meaning of the term ’isotopes’. (2 marks)
Isotopes are different atoms of an element which have the same number of protons (1)
but a different number of neutrons. (1)
28
b) The relative atomic mass of silicon is 28.09. Calculate the relative abundance of the Si isotope.
(2 marks)
28 29
Let the relative abundance of Si and Si be y% and (96.9 – y)% respectively.
28 x y + 29 x (96.9 – y) + 30 x 3.1
28.09 =
100 (1)
y = 94.1 (1)
Part
c) Suggest ONE use of silicon. (1 mark) B
Making semi-conductors (1)
d) Silicon combines with carbon to form silicon carbide (SiC). The structure of silicon carbide is similar to
that of diamond. Draw the three-dimensional structure of silicon carbide. (2 marks)
LFZ:
DBSCPO
BUPN TJMJDPO
BUPN
(1 mark for the correct arrangement of atoms;
1 mark for the correct labelling of silicon and
carbon atoms) (2)
e) Silicon combines with chlorine to form silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4). Draw an electron diagram of the
chloride, showing electrons in the outermost shells only. (1 mark)
(1)
f) Explain why silicon carbide has a higher melting point than silicon tetrachloride in terms of their structures.
(3 marks)
Silicon carbide has a giant covalent structure while silicon tetrachloride has a simple molecular structure. (1)
To melt silicon carbide, a lot of heat is needed to overcome the strong covalent bonds between the atoms. (1)
Weak van der Waals’ forces exist between molecules of silicon tetrachloride. Little heat is needed to separate the
molecules. (1)
Part
B 85 Boron occurs naturally in two isotopes. The relative abundance of each isotope is shown in the table
below:
Isotope 10
B
11
B
Relative abundance (%) 19.7 80.3
a) Compare these two isotopes in terms of the subatomic particles they contain. (2 marks)
• Both have 5 protons and 5 electrons. (1)
10 11
• B has 5 neutrons while B has 6 neutrons. (1)
OR
• Both have the same number of protons and electrons. (1)
10 11
• B and B have different number of neutrons. (1)
b) What is the meaning of the term ‘relative atomic mass’? (2 marks)
The weighted average relative isotopic mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of that element (1)
12
on the C = 12.00 scale. (1)
c) Calculate the relative atomic mass of boron. (2 marks)
10 x 19.7 + 11 x 80.3
100 (1)
= 10.8 (1)
10
d) BCl3 and 11BCl are compounds formed respectively from the two isotopes of boron with chlorine.
3
10
BCl 3 reacts with water to give steamy fumes. State, with explanation, the expected observation
11
when BCl 3 reacts with water. (1 mark)
11
BF3 would give steamy fumes because the chemical propertries of isotopes are the same. (1)
e) Boron is a metalloid. Suggest ONE physical property of boron. (1 mark)
Boron is a semi-conductor. (1)
f) The equation below shows the reaction between boron trifluoride and a fluoride ion.
– –
BF + F
3 BF4
–
i) In terms of the electrons involved, explain how the bond between the BF molecule and the F
3 ion is
formed. (1 mark)
–
The bond pair electrons are provided by the F ion. (1)
ii) Name the type of bond formed. (1 mark)
86 A part of the periodic table is shown below:

P
(SPVQ a
rt
* ** *** *7 7 7* 7** 0 B
2 -J #F # $ / 0 ' /F
1FSJPE 3 /B .H "M 4J 1 4 $M "S
4 , $B #S ,S
a) What determines the position of an element in the periodic table? (1 mark)
Its atomic number (1)

b) Across a period, the elements show a gradual change in some of their physical properties. State ONE
such property. (1 mark)
Atomic size / metallic character of elements (1)
c) Name TWO elements which are mainly obtained from the sea. (1 mark)
Sodium and chlorine (0.5, 0.5)

d) For each of the following pairs of elements, suggest ONE reaction in which they behave similarly.
i) Sodium and potassium (2 marks)
Sodium and potassium react with cold water vigorously. (1)
Hydrogen is evolved. / An alkaline solution is formed. (1)
ii) Chlorine and fluorine (1 mark)
Chlorine and fluorine react with metal to form salts. (1)
e) Which metal and non-metal in the above table would react most vigorously with each other? (1 mark)
Potassium and fluorine (0.5, 0.5)
f) Which element in the third period has the highest melting point? Explain in terms of the structure of the
element. (3 marks)
Silicon has the highest melting point. (1)
Silicon has a giant covalent structure. (1)
To melt silicon, a lot of heat is needed to overcome the strong covalent bonds between the atoms. (1)
g) The atomic number of krypton (Kr) is 36. The electronic arrangement of a krypton atom is 2,8,x,y. What
are the values of x and y? (1 mark)
x = 18 (0.5)
y = 8 (0.5)
P
a
rt
B h) Rubidium (Rb) is a Group I element. Its relative atomic mass is larger than that of potassium.
i) Suggest whether rubidium or potassium is more reactive. (1 mark)
Rubidium is more reactive. (1)
ii) Suggest a method to store rubidium in the laboratory. (1 mark)
It should be stored in paraffin oil. (1)
87 With reference to the part of the periodic table shown, answer the following questions.
(SPVQ
* ** *** *7 7 7* 7** 0
2 -J #F # $ / 0 ' /F
1FSJPE 3 /B .H "M 4J 1 4 $M "S
4 , $B #S
a) Name ONE metalloid in the above table. (1 mark)
Boron / silicon (1)
b) Name TWO elements which make up 99% of air. (1 mark)
Nitrogen and oxygen (0.5, 0.5)
c) Explain why argon is monoatomic. (2 marks)
An argon atom has 8 electrons in its outermost shell. A special stability is obtained when this happens. (1)
An argon has very little tendency to share electrons with other argon atoms. Therefore argon is monoatomic. (1)
d) Name the group to which lithium and sodium belong. (1 mark)
Alkali metals (1)
e) In what way are the electronic arrangements of atoms of lithium and sodium
i) similar to each other? (1 mark)
They have the same number of outermost shell electrons. (1)
ii) different from each other? (1 mark)
They have different number of occupied electron shells. 1)
f) Point out the gradual change in the reactivity of Group II elements down the group. (1 mark)
The reactivity of Group II elements increases down the group. (1) P

a
rt
B
g) Suggest TWO gradual changes in the physical properties of Group VII elements down the group.
(2 marks)
There is a gradual increase in the melting / boiling point of the elements. (1)
There is a gradual change in the intensity of the colour of the elements. (1)
h) Describe the structure and bonding in aluminium with the help of a diagram. (3 marks)
Aluminium has a giant metallic structure. It consists of tightly packed positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalized
electrons. (1)
The attractive forces between the electrons and positive ions hold the particles of aluminium together. (1)
(1)
88 A portion of the periodic table is shown below.
(SPVQ
* ** *** *7 7 7* 7** 0
2 -J #F # $ / 0 ' /F
1FSJPE 3 /B .H "M 4J 1 4 $M "S
4 , $B #S ,S
P
a 5 *
rt
B
a) How are
the elements arranged in the periodic table? (1 mark)
Increasing atomic number (1)
b) What is the similarity in the electronic arrangement of atoms of elements in the same period? (1 mark)
They have the same number of occupied electron shells. (1)
c) Which element in Group I has the smallest atomic size? (1 mark)
Lithium / Li (1)
d) Suggest why Group 0 elements seldom form compounds. (1 mark)
Atoms of Group 0 elements have stable electronic structure. (1)

e) i) Which is the most reactive metal in the above table? (1 mark)
Potassium / K (1)
ii) Suggest how the most reactive metal should be stored. (1 mark)
It should be stored in paraffin oil. (1)
iii) State ONE hazard warning label that should be displayed on a reagent bottle containing that metal.
(1 mark)
Flammable / corrosive (1)
f) Which of the above elements is used to make computer chips? (1 mark)
Silicon / Si (1)
g) Suggest ONE use of chlorine. (1 mark)
Making bleach / hydrochloric acid / organic solvents (1)
h) Balloons filled with different noble gases were tied to a bar. They were held horizontally at the same
height and then released. The positions of two of the balloons 5 seconds after release are shown in the
diagram.
/F
/F
"S
,S "S
TUBSU BGUFS 5 TFDPOET

P
a
rt
Predict the position of the balloon filled with krypton (Kr) after 5 seconds. (1 mark) B
Lower than argon (1)
89 The following questions refer to the incomplete periodic table shown below.
(SPVQ
* ** *** *7 7 7* 7** 0
2 B C D E F
1FSJPE 3 G H
4 I
a) Which of the above elements are metals. (1 mark) f, h (0.5, 0.5)
b) List FOUR typical properties of metals. (4 marks)
Any four of the following:

• Melting / boiling point usually high (1) • Shiny appearance (1) • Good conductor of electricity (1)
• Good conductor of heat (1) • Ductile / malleable (1)
• Lose electrons / form positive ions (1)

c) How many occupied electron shells are there in an atom of
f? (1 mark) 3 (1)
(1)
d) Which element forms an ion carrying 1 negative charge? (1
mark) d (1)
e) Which element has an octet of electrons in the outermost

shell of its atom? (1 mark) e (1)
f) i) Name the group to which h belongs. (1 mark) Alkali metals

(1)
ii) Suggest TWO safety precautions for handling h in the

laboratory.
Any two of the following:
• Wear safety glasses. (1) • Use forceps. (1) • Use a safety
g) Name the group to which e belongs.
Noble gases
h) Which metal and non-metal in the above table would react

most vigorously with each other? (1 mark)
d and h
i) b and f can combine to form a compound X. Draw an

electron diagram of X, showing electrons in the
outermost shells only.
2+ 2+
G .H
m
2+ 2+
G PS .H
3m
2+
2+
P G .H
a
rt
B
90 The circuit shown below is set up and the solid lead(II) bromide is heated until it becomes motlen.
CVMC
JOFSU FMFDUSPEF : JOFSU FMFDUSPEF 9
MFBE(**) CSPNJEF
IFBU
When the lead(II) bromide becomes molten, the bulb lights up.
a) Suggest a suitable material for making electrodes X and Y. (1 mark)
Nichrome / graphite (1)
b) What would be observed at electrode X? (1 mark)
A reddish brown gas evolves. (1)
c) What would be observed at electrode Y? (1 mark)
A white shiny solid deposits on the electrode. (1)
d) Suggest a place in the laboratory where this experiment could be carried out safely. Briefly explain your answer.
(2 marks)
Inside a fume cupboard (1)
The reddish brown gas (bromine) evolved is toxic. (1)
e) State what will happen to the bulb when heating is stopped and the molten lead(II) bromide is allowed
to cool down gradually to room temperature. Explain your answer. (3 marks)
The light bulb gradually goes out. (1)
As the temperature drops, movement of ions in molten lead(II) bromide slows down. Therefore a smaller current flows
through the external circuit. (1)
When the molten lead(II) bromide becomes solid, there are no mobile ions. Hence no current flows through the external
circuit. (1)
P
a
rt
B
91 A tiny potassium permanganate crystal was placed at the centre of a piece of filter paper moistened with
sodium sulphate solution. A d.c. power supply was then applied. Within a few minutes, a coloured patch
was seen to develop on the filter paper.
GJMUFS QBQFS NPJTUFOFE XJUI

TPEJVN TVMQIBUF TPMVUJPO
UJOZ QPUBTTJVN QFSNBOHBOBUF DSZTUBM
+ m
E.D. QPXFS TVQQMZ
a) What was the purpose of moistening the filter paper with sodium sulphate solution? (1 mark)
For the conduction of electricity (1)

b) i) What was the colour of the patch developed on the filter paper? (1 mark)
Purple (1)
ii) Sketch the position where the coloured patch would be expected to develop. (Positive and negative
electrodes must be shown.) (2 marks)
DPMPVSFE QBUDI
QPTJUJWF FMFDUSPEF OFHBUJWF FMFDUSPEF
+ m
E.D. QPXFS TVQQMZ (2)
c) The positive and negative electrodes were then reversed after some time. Briefly explain what would be
observed. (2 marks)
The coloured patch would move towards the new position of the positive electrode (1)
because the negative permanganate ions would be attracted towards the positive electrode. (1)
92 The diagram shows an experimental set-up for studying the reaction of lithium with water.
Part
B
MJUIJVN
XBUFS XJUI
VOJWFSTBM JOEJDBUPS BEEFE
a) Describe what you would observe when the lithium reacts with the water in this
experiment. (3 marks)
Any three of the following:

• Lithium fizzes / produces a gas. (1)
• The universal indicator turns blue / purple (alkaline colour). (1) • The water level in the test tube goes down (or gas
fills the test tube). (1) • Lithium moves around on the surface of water. (1) • Lithium dissolves. (1)
b) Write a word equation for the reaction of lithium with water. (1 mark)
lithium + water lithium hydroxide + hydrogen (1)
c) Caesium is another Group I element. Suggest whether caesium or lithium is more reactive. (1 mark)
Caesium is more reactive. (1)
d) The graph shows the melting points of the Group I metals plotted against the atomic numbers.
20 0
18 0
.FMUJOH QPJOU ($)
160
14 0
12 0
100
8 0
6 0
40
2 0
0
010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
" UPNJDOVNCF S
i) Describe fully how the melting point changes as the atomic number increases. (2 marks) Part
B
The melting point decreases as the atomic number increases (1)
and the rate of decrease slows down. (1)
ii) Francium has an atomic number 87.

Use the graph to estimate the melting point of francium. (1 mark)
26 °C (1)
e) Elements in Group I can react with elements in Group VII.

Look at the four examples below.
A potassium + iodine potassium iodide
B lithium + chlorine lithium chloride
C potassium + chlorine potassium chloride
D lithium + iodine lithium iodide
i) Which of the above reactions is the most vigorous? (1 mark)
C (1)
ii) Explain your answer in (i) by describing the reactivity trends in the periodic table. (2 marks)
The reactivity of Group I elements increases as we move down the group (i.e. potassium is more reactive than
lithium). (1)
The reactivity of Group VII elements decreases as we move down the group (i.e. chlorine is more reactive than
iodine). (1)
93 The following table lists the atomic numbers of some elements in Group II.
Element Atomic number
Be 4
Mg 12
Ca 20
Sr 38
a) In what way are the electronic arrangements of atoms of magnesium and calcium
i) similar to each other? (1 mark)
They have the same number of outermost shell electrons. (1)
ii) different from each other? (1 mark)
They have different number of occupied electron shells. (1)
b) A student added a few pieces of calcium granules into a beaker of cold water. Calcium gave a colourless
Part
B gas with cold water.
i) State ONE more observation when calcium reacted with water. (1 mark)
Calcium sinks in water. / Calcium dissolves. (1)
ii) The student recorded the following observation in her laboratory report:
‘Evolution of the colourless gas was at first slow but became faster after some time.’
Suggest an explanation for the student’s observation. (2 marks)
Calcium is covered by a layer of calcium oxide. (1)
Reaction between calcium and water starts only when the oxide layer dissolves. (1)
c) The electronic arrangement of a strontium (Sr) atom is 2,8,x,8,y. What are the values of x and y?
(1 mark)
x = 18 (0.5)
y = 2 (0.5)
d) Suggest whether strontium or calcium is more reactive. (1 mark)
Strontium is more reactive than calcium. (1)
90
e) Strontium-90 ( Sr) is a radioactive isotope of strontium, and is one of the dangerous by-products of
nuclear fission.
i) Explain the meaning of the term ‘isotope’. (2 marks)
Isotopes are different atoms of an element which have the same number of protons (1)
but a different number of neutrons. (1)
ii) Children’s teeth require a large amount of calcium to grow. Scientists found that in areas where nuclear
90
weapon tests were conducted above the ground, children’s teeth contained a higher level of Sr.
Suggest a reason for the findings of the scientists. (2 marks)
The chemical properties of strontium are similar to those of calcium. (1)
Thus strontium can replace some of the calcium required. (1)
94 The following table shows the melting and boiling points of chlorides of some Period 3 elements of the
periodic table.
Sodium Magnesium Phosphorus Sulphur

chloride chloride trichloride dichloride Part
B
Melting point (°C) 808 712 –91 –80
Boiling point (°C) 1 463 1 418 74 59
a) Draw an electron diagram of magnesium chloride, showing electrons in the outermost shells only.
(1 mark)
2+
75
.H
m
(1)
76
b) i) Draw an electron diagram of sulphur dichloride, showing electrons in the outermost shells
only.
(1 mark)
(1)
ii) Suggest the physical state of sulphur dichloride at room temperature and pressure. (1 mark)
Liquid (1)
c) Explain the difference in the melting points of the above four chlorides in terms of their structures.
(4 marks)
Sodium chloride and magnesium chloride have giant ionic structures. (1)
To melt them, a lot of heat is needed to overcome the strong ionic bonds between the ions. Hence sodium chloride
and magnesium chloride have high melting points. (1)
Phosphorus trichloride and sulphur dichloride have simple molecular structures. (1)
The attractive forces between the molecules are weak. Little heat is needed to separate the molecules. Hence
phosphorus trichloride and sulphur dichloride have low melting points. (1)
Part
B
d) Discuss, with explanation, the electrical conductivity of magnesium chloride with reference to the type
and property of the particles in it. (3 marks)
Magnesium chloride conducts electricity in molten state or aqueous solution but not in solid state. (1)
In solid state, the ions in magnesium chloride are held together by strong ionic bonds. They are not free to move. (1)
The ions become mobile in molten state or aqueous solution. (1)

e) Predict whether sodium chloride is soluble in water. Explain your answer. (3 marks)
Sodium chloride is soluble in water. (1)
Strong attractive forces exist between ions in sodium chloride and water molecules. (1)
These forces cause the ions to move away from the solid and go into the water. (1)
95 X, Y and Z are three elements in the periodic table, with the sum of their atomic numbers equal to 46.
Moreover, both X and Y are Group VII elements, while the atomic number of X is smaller than that of Y.
a) What are elements X, Y and Z? (3 marks)
X fluorine (1)
Y chlorine (1)
Z calcium (1)
b) Name the group to which Z belongs. (1 mark)
Alkaline earth metals (1)
c) Draw an electron diagram of the compound P formed from X and Y, showing electrons in the outermost
shells only. (1 mark)
PS
(1)
d) Draw an electron diagram of the compound Q formed from X and Z, showing electrons in the outermost
shells only. (1 mark)
m m P
a
rt
2+ 2+
B
; PS $B
m m
(1)
e) Compare the melting points of P and Q. Explain your answer. (3 marks)
The melting point of Q is higher than that of P. (1)
To melt Q, a lot of heat is needed to overcome the strong ionic bonds between the ions. (1)
The attractive forces between the molecules of P are weak. Little heat is needed to separate the molecules. (1)
F) X combines with nitrogen to form a nitride. Draw an electron diagram of the nitride, showing electrons
in the outermost shells only. (1 mark)
PS
(1)
g) Z combines with nitrogen to form a nitride. Draw an electron diagram of the nitride, showing electrons
in the outermost shells only. (1 mark)
2+ 2+
; $B
3m 3m
2+ 2+
; PS $B
3m 3m
2+ / 2+
; $B
(1)
Part
B
96 The following table shows some information about some species. They can be atoms or ions.
Atomic Mass Number of

Species
number number protons electrons neutrons
A 8 16 8 8 8
B 8 18 8 8 10
C 8 16 8 10 8
D 9 19 9 9 10
E 12 24 12 10 12
F 12 24 12 12 12
(0.5 x 12)
a) Complete the above table. (6 marks)
b) What is the relationship between A and B? (1 mark)

They are isotopes. (1)
c) What is the relationship between A and C? (1 mark)
C is an anion of A. (1)
d) What is the relationship between E and F? (1 mark)
E is a cation of F. (1)
e) D exists as diatomic molecules.

Draw an electron diagram of a molecule of D, showing electrons in the outermost shells only. (1 mark)
(1)
f) X is a compound formed from A and D, while Y is a compound formed from A and F.
i) Draw an electron diagram of X, showing electrons in the outermost shells only. (1 mark)
(1)
Part
B
ii) Draw an electron diagram of Y, showing electrons in the outermost shells only. (1 mark)
2+ 2m
'
(1)
iii) Compare the melting points of X and Y. Explain your answer. (3 marks)
The melting point of Y is higher than that of X. (1)
To melt Y, a lot of heat is needed to overcome the strong ionic bonds between the ions. (1)
The attractive forces between the molecules of X are weak. Little heat is needed to separate the molecules. (1)
97 The electron diagram of ammonium chloride is shown below:
+ m
) / ) $M
(Only electrons in the outermost shells are shown.)
a) Identify the type of bond which exists between the two ions. (1 mark)
Ionic bond (1)
b) Identify the type of bond which exists between nitrogen and hydrogen. (1 mark)
Covalent bond (1)
c) When a hydrogen ion reacts with an ammonia molecule, an ammonium ion is formed.
i) Give the name of the type of bond formed when a hydrogen ion reacts with an ammonia
molecule. (1 mark)
ii) Describe how this bond is formed in the ammonium ion. (1 mark)
The nitrogen atom supplies both bonding electrons to the hydrogen ion. (1)
Part
B
d) Explain whether ammonium chloride is soluble in water. (3 marks)
Ammonium chloride is soluble in water. (1)
Strong attractive forces exist between ions in ammonium chloride and water molecules. (1)
These forces cause the ions to move away from the solid and go into the water. (1)
e) Describe a chemical test to show the presence of chloride ions in a solid sample. State the expected
observation(s). (3 marks)
Dissolve the sample in water. (1)
Then add excess dilute nitric acid, followed by silver nitrate solution. (1)
A white precipitate forms. (1)

98 Explain the following:
a) Argon seldom forms compounds with other elements. (2 marks)
An atom of argon has 8 electrons in its outermost shell. (1)
A special stability is obtained when this happens. Hence argon seldom forms compounds with other elements. (1)
b) Magnesium and calcium show similar chemical properties. (1 mark)
Atoms of magnesium and calcium have the same number of outermost shell electrons. (1)
c) A sulphur atom tends to form an ion carrying two negative charges. (1 mark)
A sulphur atom has an electronic arrangement 2,8,6. It obtains a stable electronic arrangement (2,8,8) by gaining
two electrons. (1)
d) Copper has a high melting point. (2 marks)
The ions in copper are packed closely and the metallic bonds holding them together are very strong. (1)
To melt a piece of copper, a lot of heat is needed to overcome the strong attractive forces. Hence copper has a high
melting point. (1)
P
e) Quartz is a solid which melts at a high temperature while carbon dioxide is a gas at room a
temperature. (4 marks) rt
B
Quartz has a giant covalent structure. (1)
To melt quartz, a lot of heat is needed to overcome the strong covalent bonds between the atoms. Hence quartz has a
high melting point. (1)
Carbon dioxide has a simple molecular structure. (1)
The attractive forces between the molecules are weak. Little heat is needed to separate the molecules. Hence carbon
dioxide has a low boiling point. (1)

99 Consider the substances listed below:
argon carbon dioxide hydrogen chloride iodine silicon dioxide sodium chloride
The following diagram shows the arrangements of particles in three substances X, Y and Z.
TVCTUBODF 9 TVCTUBODF : TVCTUBODF ;
a) For each case, choose ONE substance from the above list which has arrangement of particles as shown
under room temperature and pressure. (3 marks)
Substance X sodium chloride (1)
Substance Y argon (1)
Substance Z iodine (1)
b) Name the attractive forces that exist between particles in substance Y. (1 mark)
Van der Waals’ forces (1)
c) Predict and explain the following properties of substance X:
i) hardness; (2 marks)
P X is hard (1)
a
rt
B
due to the strong ionic bonds between the ions. Relative motion of the ions is restricted. (1)
ii) electrical conductivity in solid and molten states. (3 marks)
X does not conduct electricity in solid state but it does in molten state. (1)
In solid state, the ions in X are held together by strong ionic bonds. They are not free to move. (1)
The ions become mobile in molten state. (1)
d) Predict and explain the following properties of substance Z:
i) solubility in water; (2 marks)
Z is slightly soluble in water. (1)

The weak attractive forces between molecules of Z and water are not strong enough to overcome the attractive
forces between water molecules. (1)

ii) solubility in non-aqueous solvents; (2 marks)
Z is very soluble in non-aqueous solvents. (1)
The attractive forces between molecules of non-aqueous solvents are similar to those between molecules of Z. Hence
molecules of Z and non-aqueous solvents mix together easily. (1)
iii) electrical conductivity. (2 marks)
Z does not conduct electricity (1)
becsuse it does not contain mobile electrons or ions. (1)
100 A new element X has been recently discovered. It is a solid with a low melting point. It reacts violently with
water and catches fire in the reaction. An alkaline solution is formed.
a) In which group of the periodic table should X be placed? (1 mark)
Group I (1)
b) Suggest how X can be stored safely in the laboratory. (1 mark)
Store X in paraffin oil. (1)
c) X forms a compound with bromine.
i) Determine the chemical formula of the compound. (1 mark)
XBr (1)
ii) Do you expect this compound to be volatile? Explain. (3 marks) Part

B
The compound is not volatile. (1)
Its ions are held together by strong ionic bonds. (1)
A lot of heat is needed to overcome the strong ionic bonds. (1)
iii) Discuss, with explanation, the electrical conductivity of the compound with reference to the type and
property of the particles in it. (3 marks)
The compound conducts electricity in molten state or aqueous solution but not in solid state. (1)
In solid state, the ions in the compound are held together by strong ionic bonds. They are not free to move. (1)
The ions become mobile in molten state or aqueous solution. (1)
101 The diagrams below show the structures of diamond and graphite. Diamond and graphite are allotropes.
LFZ:
DBSCPO BUPN
EJBNPOE HSBQIJUF
.
a) Explain the meaning of the term ‘allotrope’. (2 marks)
Allotropes are two (or more) forms of the same element (1)
in which the atoms or molecules are arranged in different ways. (1)
b) Do you expect diamond to dissolve in water? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
Diamond is insoluble in water. (1)
This is because the atoms are held together by strong covalent bonds. It is very difficult to separate the atoms. (1)
Part c) Based on the structure of diamond, suggest ONE use of it. (1 mark)
B
As a stone cutter (1)
d) Explain why diamond is harder than graphite. (2 marks)
In graphite, the layers of carbon atoms are held by weak van der Waals’ forces. The layers can easily slide over each
other. Hence graphite is quite soft. (1)
In diamond, each carbon atom is bonded to other carbon atoms by strong covalent bonds. Relative motion of the
atoms is restricted. Hence diamond is very hard. (1)

e) Explain why graphite is used as lubricant. (2 marks)
Graphite has a layered structure. Weak van der Waals’ forces exist between the layers. (1)
The layers can easily slide over each other. (1)
Hence graphite has a slippery feel.

f) State a property NOT mentioned above which graphite shares with metals. Explain the cause of this
property. (3 marks)
Graphite is a good conductor of electricity. (1)
Graphite has a layered structure. Within each layer, each carbon atom uses three outermost shell electrons in
forming covalent bonds with three other atoms. (1)
The remaining electron is delocalized between the layers of carbon atoms. (1)
Graphite is a good conductor of electricity due to the presence of delocalized electrons.
102 Diamond and graphite are different forms of the same element. The structure of diamond is shown below.
LFZ:
DBSCPO BUPN
Part
B
a) What type of structure does diamond have? (1 mark)
Giant covalent structure (1)
b) Explain why carbon dioxide is a gas at room temperature and diamond is a solid which melts at a high
temperature. (2 marks)
The attractive forces between carbon dioxide molecules are weak. Little heat is needed to separate the molecules. Hence
carbon dioxide has a low boiling point. (1)
Diamond consists of a network of covalent bonds. A lot of heat is needed to overcome the strong covalent bonds
between the atoms. Hence diamond has a high melting point. (1)
c) Graphite is mixed with clay to make pencil leads.
i) Sketch a labelled diagram to show the arrangement of atoms in graphite. (2 marks)
WBO EFS 8BBMT' GPSDFT
LFZ:
DBSCPO (1 mark for the hexagonal arrangement of atoms;
BUPN 1 mark for labelling the van der Waals’ forces between
the layers of atoms) (2)
ii) Suggest why this crystal structure of graphite enables it to leave a mark when a pencil is drawn across
a sheet of paper. (2 marks)
When graphite is pressed onto a peice of paper, the layers of atoms slide over each other (1)
and flake off easily onto the paper. (1)
103 Silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) have the same crystal structure, as shown below:
Part
B
a) What
type of structure do silicon and germanium have? (1 mark)
Giant covalent structure (1)
b) Silicon occurs in nature as silicon dioxide in sand and quartz.

Draw the three-dimensional structure of silicon dioxide. (2 marks)
LFZ:
r the correct labelling of silicon and oxygen
PYZHFO BUPN TJMJDPO BUPN atoms) (2)
(
1
m
a
r
k
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
e
c
t
a
r
r
a
n
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
t
o
m
s
;
1
m
a
r
k
f
o
c) Silicon combines with chlorine to form silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4). Draw an electron diagram of the
chloride, showing electrons in the outermost shells only. (1 mark)
(1)
d) Explain why silicon dioxide has a higher melting point than silicon tetrachloride in terms of their
structures. (2 marks)
To melt silicon dioxide, a lot of heat is needed to overcome the strong covalent bonds between the atoms. (1)
The attractive forces between silicon tetrachloride molecules are weak. Little heat is needed to separate the molecules.(1)
Part
B
e) The table below gives the relative abundance of each isotope in a sample of germanium, Ge.
Isotope 70
Ge
72
Ge
74
Ge
Relative abundance (%) 24.4 32.4 43.2
What is the relative atomic mass of Ge? (2 marks)

70 x 24.4 + 72 x 32.4 + 74 x 43.2
100 (1)
= 72.4 (1)
104 At room temperature, both sodium metal and sodium chloride are crystalline solids.
a) The diagram below shows part of the lattice of sodium chloride.
i) In this diagram, mark all sodium ions with a positive (+) sign and all chloride ions with a negative (–)
sign. (1 mark)
+ m
m +
m +
+ m (1)
ii) What is the number of neighbouring chloride ions directly attached to each sodium ion in crystalline
sodium chloride? (1 mark)
6 (1)
P
a
rt
B b) i) Explain how the
particles are held together in solid sodium metal. (1 mark)
The particles in solid sodium metal are held together by a ‘sea’ of mobile electrons. (1)
ii) Explain how the particles are held together in solid sodium chloride. (1 mark)
The particles in solid sodium chloride are held together by ionic bonds. (1)
iii) The melting point of sodium chloride is much higher than that of sodium metal. What can be deduced
from this information? (1 mark)
The ionic bonding in sodium chloride is stronger / requires more heat to break than the metallic bonding in
sodium. (1)
c) Compare the electrical conductivity of solid sodium metal with that of solid sodium chloride. Explain your
answer. (3 marks)
Solid sodium conducts electricity but solid sodium chloride does not. (1)
Solid sodium contains mobile electrons (1)
but the ions in solid sodium chloride are not free to move. (1)
d) Using sodium as an example, describe the bonding in metals. Hence explain why metals are malleable.
(2 marks)
Ions in sodium are packed in layers. (1)
As the metal is struck by a hammer, the ion layers slide through the ‘sea’ of electrons to new positions. The metal does
not break because the ions are still bound together by the ‘sea’ of electrons. (1)
As a result, sodium is malleable.
105 The symbols p, q, r, s, t, u, v and w represent eight consecutive elements in the second and third periods
of the periodic table. The table below lists their boiling points:
Element p q r s t u v w
Boiling point (°C) 2 480 3 930 4 830 –196 –183 –190 –246 890
P
a
Answer: Be B C N O F Ne Na rt
B
a) Deduce from the above information which elements r and s represent respectively. (3 marks)
Element r has the highest boiling point and (1)
a sudden drop in boiling point occurs from r to s. (1)
Hence r is carbon while s is nitrogen. (1)
b) Explain why element t has a low boiling point. (2 marks)
The attractive forces between the molecules of t are weak. (1)

Little heat is needed to separate the molecules. (1)
c) Indentify ONE metalloid in the above table. (1 mark)
q (1)
d) State, with explanation, which of the elements is stored in paraffin oil. (2 marks)
Element w is stored in paraffin oil (1)
as it is very reactive. (1)
e) Suggest ONE use of element v. (1 mark)
In advertising signs (1)
f) X is a compound formed from elements t and u. Draw an electron diagram of X, showing electrons in
the outermost shells only. (1 mark)
PS
(1)
g) Y is a compound formed from elements t and w. Draw an electron diagram of Y, showing electrons in
the outermost shells only. (1 mark)
+ +
/B X
2m 2m
PS
+ +
P /B X
a
rt (1)
B
h) Compare the melting points of X and Y. Explain your answer. (3 marks)
The melting point of Y is higher than that of X. (1)
To melt Y, a lot of heat is needed to overcome the strong ionic bonds between the ions. (1)
The attractive forces between the molecules of X are weak. Little heat is needed to separate the molecules. (1)
3FMBUJWF FMFDUSJDBM DPOEVDUJWJUZ
106 The diagram below shows the relative electrical conductivities of the first three elements in Period 3.
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
/B .H "M
&MFNFOU
a) Describe the bonding in magnesium. Hence explain why magnesium is a good conductor of electricity.
(3 marks)
The outermost shell electrons of each magnesium atom are free to move randomly in magnesium. (1)
Thus, magnesium consists of positively charged ions surrounded by a ‘sea’ of electrons. (1)
Magnesium is a good conductor of electricity due to the movement of mobile electrons in the metal. (1)
Part
B
b) Explain why the electrical conductivity of aluminium is higher than that of magnesium. (2 marks)
Each aluminium atom has three outermost shell electrons while a magnesium atom has two. (1)
There are more delocalized electrons in aluminium. (1)
So, the electrical conductivity of aluminium is higher.
c) Explain why metals are ductile. (2 marks)
Ions in a metal are packed in layers. (1)

As the metal is struck by a hammer, the ion layers slide through the ‘sea’ of electrons to new positions. The metal does
not break because the ions are still bound together by the ‘sea’ of electrons. (1)
As a result, the metal is ductile.

d) Explain whether molten sulphur can conduct electricity. (2 marks)
Molten sulphur cannot conduct electricity (1)
because it does not contain mobile electrons or ions. (1)
107 Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
Development of the periodic table

In 1869, Mendeléev arranged the elements in the form of the periodic table. Before this many other scientists tried to
make sense of all the information about the elements.
The table below is part of the table of elements devised by the English chemist John Newlands in 1864. He arranged
the elements in order of their relative atomic masses. He found a repeating pattern, with elements having similar
properties in the vertical columns (Groups).
H Li Be B C N O
F Na Mg Al Si P S
Cl K Ca Cr Ti Mn Fe
Co / Ni Cu Zn Y In As Se
Br Rb Sr Ce / La Zr Di / Mo Ro / Ru
Part
B Many scientists were critical of the pattern suggested by Newlands.
The diagram below shows a version of Mendeléev’s Periodic Table. Mendeléev placed most of the elements in order
of relative atomic mass. This table became accepted by other scientists.
Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Period 1 H
Period 2 Li Be B C N O F
Period 3 Na Zn Al Si P S Cl
K Ca ? T V Cr Mn
Period 4 i Fe Co Ni
Cu Zn ? ? As Se Br
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo ?
Period 5 Ru Rh Pd
Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I
a) i) Which group of elements, present in the modern periodic table, is missing from Newlands’ table
above? (1 mark)
Group 0 (1)
ii) Explain why this group was missing from Newlands’ classification of elements. (1 mark)
Not yet discovered at that time (1)
b) Newlands put hydrogen, fluorine and chlorine in the same group. Give ONE property of hydrogen which
makes it similar to fluorine and chlorine. (1 mark)
Exists as diatomic molecules / exists as a gas at room conditions / any other general property of non-metals (1)
c) Suggest why other scientists were critical of Newlands’ table.
You should give examples from the table and use your knowledge of the chemistry of the elements.
(4 marks)
Any two of the following:
• Many elements in the groups have very dissimilar properties, e.g. K and Cu. (2)
• Two elements were put in one place, e.g. Ce and La. (2)
• Metals and non-metals were mixed up, e.g. Cl and Co in the same group. (2)
d) Give TWO ways in which Mendeléev’s table improved on Newlands’ table. (2 marks)
Any two of the following: P

a
rt
B
• Elements with similar properties were grouped together. (1)
• Gaps left for elements to be added when discovered. (1)
• A new group created / iron, cobalt and nickel put in a group. (1)
• Metals and non-metals were separated. (1)

e) Suggest how elements are arranged in a modern periodic table. (1 mark)
In order of increasing atomic number (1)

A new form of carbon
The carbon allotropes, diamond and graphite, have been known for centuries. In 1
– buckminsterfullerene – was discovered. This new form of carbon contains C60 molecules. Each C60 molecule is formed by 60 car
The new form of carbon is virtually insoluble in water, but soluble in non-aqueous solvents, such as
toluene.
Interest in buckminsterfullerene has led to the discovery of a related group of carbon structures referred to as nanotube
Part Carbon nanotubes have a high strength. Carbon nanotube-based materials are b
B develop ultra lightweight and extremely strong materials.
a) What is
meant by the term ‘allotropes’? (2 marks)
Allotropes are two (or more) forms of the same element (1)
in which the atoms or molecules are arranged in different ways. (1)
b) What type of structure does buckminsterfullerene have? Expain your answer. (3 marks)
Buckminsterfullerene has a simple molecular structure. (1)

Buckminsterfullerene is soluble in non-aqueous solvents. (1)
It can be deduced that the attractive forces between molecules of buckminsterfullerene are similar to those
between molecules of non-aqueous solvents. (1)
94 Hence it can be concluded that buckminsterfullerene has a simple molecular structure.

c) How would you expect the melting point of buckminsterfullerene to compare with that of diamond?
Explain your answer. (3 marks)
The melting point of diamond is higher than that of buckminsterfullerene. (1)
Diamond has a giant covalent structure. The carbon atoms are held together by strong covalent bonds. (1)
There are weak van der Waals’ forces between the buckminsterfullerene molecules. (1)
More heat is needed to break the strong covalent bonds between atoms in diamond. Hence diamond has a higher
melting point.
d) Explain the high strength of carbon nanotubes with reference to the bonding in them. (1 mark)
The carbon atoms are held together by strong covalent bonds. (1)
e) Graphite is used to make electrodes in dry cells. It is also used to make strong but lightweight fishing
rods.
i) Explain why graphite can conduct electricity with reference to its structure. (3 marks)
In graphite, the carbon atoms are arranged in flat parallel layers. (1)
Within each layer, each carbon atom uses three electrons in forming covalent bonds with three other carbon
atoms. (1)
P
a
rt
The remaining outermost shell electron of each carbon atom is delocalized between the layers of carbon atoms. (1) B
ii) Explain why graphite can bend so that it is suitable for making a fishing rod. (2 marks)
Graphite has a layered structure. Weak van der Waals’ forces exist between the layers. (1)
The layers of atoms can slide over each other easily. (1)
f) Suggest and explain how you would distinguish between buckminsterfullerene and graphite by a physcial
95
method. (3 marks)
Adding a non-aqueous solvent to each solid separately, buckminsterfullerene is soluble while graphite is insoluble. (1)
Buckminsterfullerene has a simple molecular structure and is soluble in non-aqueous solvents. (1)
Graphite has a giant covalent structure. It is insoluble in most solvents. (1)
96
Aerial shells are the most common types of fireworks for public displays. A shell consists of a paper tube filled with stars and a bl
Upon ignition, the potassium nitrate, sulphur and carbon (in the black powder) in the lift charge react to form carbon dioxide and
The shell is sent

the shell to explo
The colours of fir
a) Explain
the meaning of the term ‘mixture’. (2 marks)
A mixture consists of two or more pure substances (1)
which have not been chemically joined together. (1)
b) Draw an electron diagram of a nitrate ion, showing electrons in the outermost shells only. (1 mark)
Part
B
m
(1)
c) Explain how the lift charge sends the shell into the air. (2 marks)
The pressure from the expanding gases propels the shell into the air (2)
d) i) What solid residue is left behind when the black powder explodes? (1 mark)
Potassium sulphide (1)
ii) Wht is the chemical formula of the solid suggested in (i)? (1 mark)
K2S (1)
e) i) Name the group to which strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) belong. (1 mark)
Alkaline earth metals (1)
ii) Write down the chemical formula of strontium nitrate. (1 mark)
Sr(NO3)2 (1)
f) A manufacturer wants to produce fireworks giving a yellow colour. Suggest a metal salt the manufacturer
may add. (1 mark)
Sodium nitrate / any sodium compound (1)
110 Below is a sketch of the melting points of some Period 3 elements.

.FMUJOH QPJOU (P$)
1 500
1 000
500
0
m250
/B .H "M 4J 1 4 $M
&MFNFOU
Discuss how the melting points of the elements are related to their bondings and structures. (9 marks)
(For this question, you are required to give answers in paragraph form.)
Part
B
Sodium, magnesium and aluminium are metals. The strength of the metallic bond depends on the number of delocalized
electrons in the metal structure. (1)
Sodium has one outermost shell electron per atom, magnesium has two while aluminium has three. The strength of metallic
bond and hence the melting point increase from sodium to aluminium. (1)
Silicon has a giant covalent structure. Each silicon atom is covalently bonded to four other silicon atoms. (1)
To melt silicon, a lot of heat is needed to overcome the strong covalent bonds between the atoms. Hence it has a very high
melting point. (1)
Phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine exist as simple molecules. The molecules are attracted to one another by weak van der
Waals’ forces. (1)
Little heat is needed to separate the molecules. Hence they have low melting points. (1)
(3 marks for organization and presentation)
111 ‘When atoms combine, they can obtain the electronic arrangements of atoms of noble gases.’
Discuss, with reference to suitable examples, how atoms of Group VI elements obtain the electronic
arrangements of atoms of noble gases. (9 marks)
Atoms of Group VI elements have six outermost shell electrons. They can obtain the electronic arrangements of atoms of
noble gases by gaining or sharing electrons. (1)
Oxygen is a Group VI element. Take the combination of oxygen and sodium as an example. An oxygen atom has
an electronic arrangement 2,6. It tends to gain two electrons to obtain the electronic arrangement of a stable neon atom
(2,8). (1)
Sodium is a Group I element. A sodium atom has an electronic arrangement 2,8,1. It tends to lose one electron to
obtain the electronic arrangement of a stable neon atom (2,8). (1)
When sodium and oxygen react, two sodium atoms would combine with one oxygen atom. (1)
Take the combination of oxygen and carbon as another example. An oxygen atom has an electronic arrangement
2,6 while that of a carbon atom is 2,4.

P
a
rt
B
Both atoms require electrons to obtain the electronic arrangement of a stable neon atom (2,8). They achieve that by
sharing outermost shell electrons. (1)
One carbon atom forms a double bond with each of the two oxygen atoms. (1)

112 ‘Potassium chloride and silicon tetrachloride have different melting points and electrical conductivities.’
Explain such differences with reference to their bonding and structures. (9 marks)
The melting point of potassium chloride is higher than that of silicon tetrachloride. (1)
Potassium chloride has a giant ionic structure.
To melt potassium chloride, a lot of heat is needed to overcome the strong ionic bonds between the ions. Hence potassium
chloride has a high melting point. (1)
Silicon tetrachloride has a simple molecular structure.
The attractive forces between the molecules are weak. Little heat is needed to separate the molecules. Hence silicon
tetrachloride has a low melting point. (1)
Potassium chloride conducts electricity in molten state or aqueous solution while silicon tetrachloride does not conduct
electricity. (1)
In the solid state, the ions in potassium chloride are held together by strong ionic bonds and are not free to move.
The ions become mobile when potassium chloride is in molten state or aqueous solution. Hence potassium chloride can
conduct electricity under these conditions. (1)
Silicon tetrachloride does not conduct electricity because it does not contain mobile electrons or ions. (1)
P
a
rt
B

2 Supplementary Exercise Microscopic World I (Question)

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2 Supplementary Exercise Microscopic World I (Question)

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Topic 2 Microscopic World I

Part A Unit-based exercise

Unit 5 Atomic structure the atom.

Fill in the blanks

1 All elements are made of atoms .

2 Elements exist in different states at room

3 Elements can be classified into three main

4 The melting and boiling points of non-metals are

5 Metals are usually good conductors of

6 Boron , silicon and germanium

7 Atoms consist of a nucleus in the centre

8 The nucleus of an atom contains two types of

9 The number of protons in an atom of an

10 The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons

13 The way in which electrons are

14 The electronic arrangement of an atom

15 In a hydrogen atom, the region in which

Decide whether each of the following

16 At room temperature and F

17 Solid non-metals are usually T

19 Molten sulphur is a good F

20 The symbol of magnesium is Ma. F

26 Isotopes of an element have the same T

43 Which of the following statements concerning

A Ba Number of Number of Number of

3FMBUJWF BCVOEBODF (%)

54 The relative atomic element X is 69.7. X has

D pr 56 The atomic number of an

55 The atomic mass of

64 Consider the information below: are correct?

1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.

70 The number of neutrons and that of protons An atom is electrically neutral. C

74 The relative atomic mass of magnesium is not a Magnesium has isotopes. A

Unit 6 The periodic table atom of an element equals the group

5 Across a period of the periodic table, the

Decide whether each of the following statements is

21 In the periodic table, the elements are

22 Group number of an element equals theT

23 Elements in the second period of the T

29 Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal. T

43 Which of the following statements concerning

39 All Group 0 elements are colourless gases T

40 An oxygen atom gains 2 electrons to T

47 To which group does the element

56 The atomic number of an element X is 9. Which

57 Which of the following statements concerning Element Atomic number

61 A solid element X has a melting point of

66 Which of the following statements concerning

Part D Their boiling points increase from helium to

67 A and B are two noble gases. If the

Directions: Questions 68 – 69 refer to the portion of the

64 Which of the following statements concerning

Y 838 1.74 good

Z 1 744 11.3 good

73 Krypton belongs to the same group as neon in the

A (1) and (2) only C (2) and (3) only

1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.

1st statement 2nd statement

c) Substances which do not conduct electricity 9 A chemical formula is a way of representing a

4 An ion that forms from a group of atoms is called

12 Ionic bond usually occurs when metals F

20 Metallic bond is a type of bond in which F