Name __Odango, Clint Xavier F.

BSN 1B_ Score _______________

MCC 1 (Biochemistry) Date __February 12, 2021

COLLOIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

EXPERIMENT 2

INTORDUCTION
Colloids are systems that consist of two phases – the continuous phase
(dispersion medium) and the discontinuous phase (dispersed phase). Colloidal
systems contain particles large than solute particles of a true solution. Hence, it may
appear homogenous to the naked eye, but examination of a colloid under the
microscope will show particle movement called Brownian movement. When
subjected to a beam of light in a darkened room, colloids show Tyndall effect. Milk is
an example of a liquid colloidal system. It contains casein (the protein in milk) which
contains negative charges on the particle surface. These charges prevent the
particles from coalescing. When acetic acid is added to milk, the H + released by the
acid neutralizes the negative charges on the particle surface, causing he particles to
aggregate and form a “curd.”

An appreciation of the different properties of colloids helps in understanding

the chemistry of proteins, food, medicines, enzymes, an fats. Colloids play an
important role in digestion, metabolism, and almost all phases of physiological
processes.

OBJECTIVES
To determine the properties of colloids and how they function in physiological
systems

MATERIALS
Use your internet connection to research for this activity
Books
PROCEDURE
1. Do the research by completing the table for the following mixtures:
Mixtures Color Observations/Reactions
Copper sulfate solution Blue The copper ions present in copper
sulfate react with the concentrated
hydrochloric acid chloride ions,
leading to tetrachlorocuprate
formation (II).).
Skim Milk Blue The identification of skim milk
powder in whole milk is based on
the fact that, when boiling with
phosphomolybdic acid, the
coagulum produced from
reconstituted skim milk powder by
the addition of acetic acid gives an
intense blue color due to certain
reduction groups present in the milk
powder Proteins.
Skim milk + Acetic acid Blue pH of milk becomes lower affecting
the solubility of milk, causing visible
clumps or curds.

What mixtures have an evidence of curd-formation? The mixture have an

evidence of curds-forms is Skim Milk, when an acid is introduced into milk.
Since milk is a colloid, it has particles that are much larger than solvent
particles in real solutions; particles of colloids often do not move on to semi-
permeable membranes and disperse very slowly. When milk is acidified, the
protein and fat that is normally suspended in the milk begins to curdle, or
become entangled.

If you will use filter paper for separating the mixtures, which particles are large
enough to be retained by the filter paper? The milk particles are most likely to
be retained if the mixture is separated by a filter paper.

2. Formation of a protective colloid. (Do research)

Describe what will happen if you will mix the following:
 2.1. Potassium chromate, distilled water and silver nitrate solution.
When the two regeants mixed, a bright red color appeared. As
chromate ions form only with silver, the red precipitate, the reaction is
specific and it is used to identify silver ions in a solution.

2.2. Potassium chromate, gelatin solution and silver nitrate solution.

In the aqueous mixtures of silver nitrate and potassium chromate
containing ample gelatin, the activity of the silver ion delayed the color
shift from yellow to red.

2.3. What is the role of gelatin in this experiment? The role of gelatin in this
experiment is to serve as the protective colloid that prevents the
coagulation of silver nitrate and potassium chromate. Therefore, the
spatial distribution of the slowly forming precipitate will come to stop.

QUESTIONS
1. What is Brownian movement?
Brownian motion, also called Brownian movement, any of various physical
phenomena in which some quantity is constantly undergoing small, random
fluctuations. It was named for the Scottish botanist Robert Brown, the first to study
such fluctuations (1827).

If a number of particles subject to Brownian motion are present in a given medium

and there is no preferred direction for the random oscillations, then over a period of
time the particles will tend to be spread evenly throughout the medium. Thus, if A
and B are two adjacent regions and, at time t, A contains twice as many particles as
B, at that instant the probability of a particle’s leaving A to enter B is twice as great
as the probability that a particle will leave B to enter A.

2. What is Tyndall Effect?

Tyndall effect, also called Tyndall phenomenon, scattering of a beam of
light by a medium containing small suspended particles—e.g., smoke or dust in a
room, which makes visible a light beam entering a window. The effect is named for
the 19th-century British physicist John Tyndall, who first studied it extensively.
3. What is a protective colloid?
Protective colloid is a lyophilic colloid added to a lyophobic sol to lessen its
sensitivity to the precipitating effect of an electrolyte.

REFERENCES:
https://www.britannica.com/science/Brownian-motion
https://www.britannica.com/science/Tyndall-effect
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/protective-colloid