Research Task

16 Questions

Table of Contents

1. A SHOPPING CENTRE THAT WE ARE CONSULTING ON REQUIRES TEN AUTOMATIC PEDESTRIAN

DOORS FOR ACCESS AND EGRESS. WHAT IS THE AS AND CODES THAT THE AUTOMATIC
PEDESTRIAN DOORS NEED TO BE COMPLY WITH?............................................................................4

2. A TOTAL OF TEN COMMERCIAL FRIDGES AND FIVE COMMERCIAL HEAT PUMPS ARE TO BE
INSTALLED BY AHEC TRADESPEOPLE. I NEED YOU TO IDENTIFY THE ENVIRONMENTAL AS THAT
NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED AND COMPLIED WITH............................................................................4

3. WE ARE CONSULTING ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BRIDGE SPANNING 150 METRES AND 25

METRES HIGH, AND WE REQUIRE THE ACOUSTICS TO BE MEASURED TO QUANTIFY THE
ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE IMPACT. WHAT IS THE AS (ENVIRONMENTAL) THAT NEEDS TO BE
CONSIDERED AND COMPLIED WITH?................................................................................................4

4. AUSTRALIAN LASER PRODUCTS ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR CAPABILITIES; I WANT

YOU TO OUTLINE THE CLASSIFICATION OF LASERS AND PROVIDE APPROPRIATE REFERENCES TO
THE RELEVANT STANDARD/S.?.........................................................................................................5

5.  WHAT IS THE AS THAT NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS?.........................................................................................................................................5

6. AN ELECTRICIAN HAS INSTALLED 1.5MM ELECTRICAL CABLE FOR MULTIPLE NEW POWER POINTS
IN A BUILDING. IS THE 1.5MM CABLE APPROPRIATE FOR THIS PURPOSE AND IF NOT – WHAT
CABLE SHOULD HAVE BEEN USED? PLEASE PROVIDE AN AS REFERENCE..........................................6

7. THE SMOKE ALARMS IN A DOMESTIC HOUSE ARE 11 YEARS OLD. THEY HAVE BEEN TESTED BY A
QUALIFIED SMOKE ALARM TESTER AND PASS TESTING. SHOULD THE SMOKE ALARMS BE
REPLACED AND WHAT IS THE REQUIREMENT IN THE EVENT A SMOKE ALARM IS TRIGGERED.
PLEASE PROVIDE A REFERENCE FOR YOUR ANSWER........................................................................6

8. CABLE TIES ARE USED FOR MANY PURPOSES ALONG WITH THEIR PRIMARY USE WHICH IS TO TIE
AND RETAIN CABLES. A TRADES PERSON HAS USED BLACK PLASTIC CABLE TIES TO TIE DOWN A
LADDER TO THE ROOF RACKS OF THEIR VEHICLE. IS THIS A GOOD PRACTICE OR SHOULDN’T CABLE
TIES BE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE? PLEASE REFERENCE YOUR ANSWER............................................7

9. AN ELECTRICIAN IS MOUNTING CABLES THAT ARE FIRE-RATED TO A CABLE TRAY THAT IS

MOUNTED UNDER THE FLOOR OF AN OFFICE BUILDING. THEY ARE USING BLACK PLASTIC, HEAVY
DUTY CABLE TIES TO SECURE THE FIRE RATED CABLES AT 1 (ONE) METRE INTERVALS. IS THIS BEST
PRACTICE? IF NOT, WHAT TYPE OF CABLE TIES SHOULD THE ELECTRICIAN BE USING? PLEASE
PROVIDE AN EXPLANATION AND REFERENCE...................................................................................7

10. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING SAFETY TRIANGLE LINKS A NUMBER OF FACTORS. THESE INCLUDE
SAFE PROCEDURES, SAFE INSTALLATION AND SAFE EQUIPMENT. PLEASE PROVIDE THE AS/NZS FOR
EACH OF THESE FACTORS AND HOW DISCUSS WHICH IS THE CORRECT STANDARD FOR SAFE
EQUIPMENT......................................................................................................................................8

11. AREA LOCATIONS UNDER BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING MAY BE CLASSIFIED AS A ‘BODY

PROTECTED AREA’ OR ‘CARDIAC PROTECTED AREA’. DESCRIBE WHAT ‘BODY PROTECTED AREAS’
AND ‘CARDIAC PROTECTED AREA’ ARE. WHAT SIGNAGE USED TO INDICATE EACH AREA? ...............8

12. THE COMPANY HAS SECURED A CONTRACT TO DO A PENETRATION TEST ON A CLIENTS

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM. WHAT IS THE AS THAT GUIDES INFORMATION SECURITY
MANAGEMENT, PARTICULARLY DEALING WITH MONITORING, MEASURING AND ANALYSIS?.........9

13. THE COMPANY HAS SECURED A CONTRACT TO DO REVIEW THE AUTOMATION PROCESSING AT
THE MASTERFOODS PLANT. WHAT IS THE AS THAT GUIDES INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION SYSTEMS
AND INTEGRATION?.........................................................................................................................9

14. THE COMPANY IS LOOKING TO DIVERSIFY AND SECURE CONTRACTS IN THE AREA OF THE
INTERNET OF THINGS. THIS IS AN EMERGING TECHNOLOGY AND PROVIDES GOOD
OPPORTUNITIES. WHAT IS THE STANDARD THAT GUIDES THE INTERNET OF THINGS FOR
AUSTRALIA?.....................................................................................................................................9

15. MECHANICS IN A COMPANY SERVICING A TOYOTA PRADO WANT TO REPLACE THREE M8 -

GRADE 8.8 BOLTS WITH MILD STEEL BOLTS DURING A CHASSIS REPAIR. IS THIS PRACTICE
ACCEPTABLE? PLEASE PROVIDE A DETAILED ANSWER AND REFERENCE.........................................10

16. THE CE WANTS TO KNOW IF WE CAN FIT REAR FACING ‘SPOTLIGHTS’ OR ‘WORK LIGHTS’ TO
ROAD REGISTERED VEHICLES SO THAT MAINTENANCE CREWS CAN WORK OFF THE BACK OF THEIR
VEHICLES AT NIGHT?  WHAT IS THE REFERENCE FOR YOUR ANSWER?...........................................10

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1. A shopping centre that we are consulting on requires ten automatic pedestrian doors
for access and egress. What is the AS and codes that the automatic pedestrian doors
need to be comply with?

Answer:
AS1428 is a mandator Standard referenced in the BCA that deals with door clearance and
openings with regard to disabled access.
AS 5007-2007 is a guideline and not a mandatory Standard as it is not referenced in the BCA
or legislation.
AS 1104S-1978 (5007)- Informative symbols for use on electrical and electronic equipment -
On (power)

https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/building/me-064/as-slash-nzs--
1428-dot-4-dot-1-colon-2009
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/building/bd-055/as--5007-2007
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/electrotechnology/te-013/as--1104s-
1978--(5007)

2. A total of ten commercial fridges and five commercial heat pumps are to be installed
by AHEC tradespeople. I need you to Identify the Environmental AS that needs to be
considered and complied with.

Answer:
AS/NZS 4024.1204:2019- Electrical equipment of industrial machines.
AS/NZS 3820:2020- which is the general electrical safety standard.
AS/NZS 3000:2018 (including A1 Amendment)- Electrical installations (Known as the
Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules)

https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/manufacturing/sf-041/as-slash-nzs--
4024-dot-1204-colon-2019
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/electrotechnology/qr-012/as-slash-
nzs--3820-colon-2020
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/electrotechnology/el-001/as-slash-
nzs--3000-colon-2018

3. We are consulting on the construction of a bridge spanning 150 metres and 25 metres
high, and we require the acoustics to be measured to quantify the environmental noise
impact. What is the AS (Environmental) that needs to be considered and complied
with?

Answer:
AS/NZS 1270:2002 Rec:2014: Acoustics– Hearing protectors.

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https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/health/av-003/as-slash-nzs--1270-
colon-2002--rec-colon-2014
 
4. Australian Laser products are classified according to their capabilities; I want you to
outline the classification of lasers and provide appropriate references to the relevant
Standard/s.?

Answer: There are three important Australian standards applicable to lasers: 

AS/NZS 2211.1:2004 (Laser Safety Part 1): Equipment classification, requirements and

user’s guide.
AS 2397:2015- Safe use of lasers in the building and construction industry 
AS/NZS 4173:2018- Guide to the safe use of lasers in health care.

Laser Classification: The classification system can be broadly described in the following
terms:

Class 1: The lasers used in CD players are the most common example of this category.
Class 2: The laser pointers often used by conference presenters are common examples.
Class 3A: Lasers have the potential to cause damage to the eyes from intra-beam viewing
and precautions are required to prevent both direct viewing or viewing with optical
instruments.
Class 3B (restricted): lasers operate at the same power levels as class 3A but have higher
irradiance, i.e. higher power density, and consequently have some additional restrictions on
use.
Class 4: Examples of class 4 lasers include entertainment lasers, surgical lasers and those
used in the plastic, wood and metal fabrication industries.

https://lasersurveyingequipment.com.au/australian-laser-safety-standards/
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/publicsafety/sf-019/as-slash-nzs--
2211-dot-1-colon-2004
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/publicsafety/sf-019/as--2397-colon-
2015
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/health/he-003/as-slash-nzs--4173-
colon-2018

 
5.  What is the AS that needs to be considered for Environmental Management
Systems?

Answer:
AS/NZS ISO 14001:2016 needs to be considered for Environmental Management Systems.
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/publicsafety/ev-021/as-slash-nzs--
iso--14001-colon-2016
 
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6. An Electrician has installed 1.5mm electrical cable for multiple new power points in a
building. Is the 1.5mm cable appropriate for this purpose and if not – what cable should
have been used? Please provide an AS reference.

Answer:
AS/NZS 3000:2018: Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring
Rules)

No, 1.5mm electric cable is not appropriate for new power points in the building as 1-
1.5mm is appropriate and most often used for lights. I believe 2.5mm Twin and Earth should
be used as indoor domestic cable. It is made up of two cores and an earth core.

https://www.standards.org.au/engagement-events/flagship-projects/wiring-rules

7. The smoke alarms in a domestic house are 11 years old. They have been tested by a
qualified smoke alarm tester and pass testing. Should the smoke alarms be replaced and
what is the requirement in the event a smoke alarm is triggered. Please provide a
reference for your answer.

Answer: Smoke alarms installed on or after 1 May 2017 must comply with AS 3786:2014.
Smoke alarms installed before this date are to comply with AS 3786-1993.

In every state in Australia, smoke alarms must not be used after 10 years and it must be
replaced.

Requirements in the event a smoke alarm is triggered:

1. Smoke detector placement.
2. Overcooked food.
3. Steam or high humidity.
4. Pesky insects.
5. A build-up of dust.
6. Strong chemicals nearby.
7. The batteries need to be changed.

https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/building/fp-002/as--3786-1993
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/publicsafety/ev-021/as-slash-nzs--
iso--14001-colon-2016
https://www.dfes.wa.gov.au/safetyinformation/fire/fireinthehome/FireintheHomeFactsheets/
DFES-Smoke-Alarm-Fact-Sheet3-Replace-Your-Smoke-Alarm-Every-10-Years.pdf
https://www.fire.nsw.gov.au/page.php?id=9218
https://www.vivint.com/resources/article/smoke-detector-sensitivity
 
8. Cable ties are used for many purposes along with their primary use which is to tie
and retain cables. A trades person has used black plastic cable ties to tie down a ladder
to the roof racks of their vehicle. Is this a good practice or shouldn’t cable ties be used
for this purpose? Please reference your answer. 
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Answer: No, this is not at all good practice as in Australia plastic cables are not used to tie
down a ladder to the roof racks, there are proper steps to follow. One can secure the ladder to
the roof rack by using tie down straps with buckle protector, ladder clamps and bungee cords.

ISO/PAS 11154:2006- Road Vehicles-Roof load carriers.

https://www.saiglobal.com/PDFTemp/Previews/OSH/as/as1000/1200/1235.pdf
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/international/iso--other/iso-slash-pas--
11154-colon-2006
 
9. An electrician is mounting cables that are fire-rated to a cable tray that is mounted
under the floor of an office building. They are using black plastic, heavy duty cable ties
to secure the fire rated cables at 1 (one) metre intervals. Is this best practice? If not,
what type of cable ties should the electrician be using? Please provide an explanation
and reference.

Answer: Australian standards for wiring is AS/NZS 3000:2018.

No, it is not the best practice as they possess disadvantages. I believe Nylon harness is the
best practice among all as it has excellent heat resistance [and can even be plenum rated]
which makes it good for high voltage work. Nylon harness is allowed by electrical code as
“part of the cable” to be run in any type of conduit or tray thus making it the only application
for both high voltage and low voltage wire and cable in conduit or tray.

https://onepullwire.com/news/advantages-disadvantages-of-electrical-bindings-for-electrical-
contractors/
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/electrotechnology/el-001/as-slash-
nzs--3000-colon-2018
 
10. Biomedical engineering safety triangle links a number of factors. These include safe
procedures, safe installation and safe equipment. Please provide the AS/NZS for each of
these factors and how discuss which is the correct standard for safe equipment.

Answer:
Safe Procedure: AS/NZS 2500:2020
Safe Equipment: AS/NZS 3551:2012
Safe Installation: AS/NZS 3003:2018

Correct standard for safe equipment:

IEC 60601- Design and type testing.
ISO 13485- Quality management system.

Since 2015, Medical Technology Association of Australia (MTAA has been rising concerns
about AS/NZS 3551 as this is only applicable for medical equipment only for in-house
management and aimed only at healthcare organisations.
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In accordance to family standard IEC 60601, medical devices must be tested and designed
according to ISO 13485, they should be developed and manufactured within a quality
management system.

https://www.mtaa.org.au/asnzs-3551-and-asnzs-2500-ongoing-issues
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/health/he-003/as-slash-nzs--2500-
colon-2020
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/health/he-003/as-slash-nzs--3551-
colon-2012
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/health/ht-021/as-slash-nzs--3003-
colon-2018

11. Area locations under Biomedical Engineering may be classified as a ‘Body Protected
Area’ or ‘Cardiac Protected Area’. Describe what ‘Body Protected Areas’ and ‘Cardiac
Protected Area’ are. What signage used to indicate each area?

Answer:
Body Protected Area: A body Protected Electrical Area is a health care patient area which
uses residual-current devices (RCDs) on all electrical sockets in the patient area.  RCDs
provide increased protection against electric shock to staff and patients which is also defined
in AS 3003:2018 which requires annual routine inspection and testing.

Cardiac Protected Area: Any area that involves the use of cardiac electrical equipment,
such as Operating Rooms and Intensive Care Units must be wired as a Cardiac Protected
Electrical Area (CPA).

The following are the signages which are used to indicate each area:

 
https://www.kilnerelectrics.com.au/en/our-work/medical-electrical-services-melbourne/body-
cardiac-protected-electrical-areas/
https://electricaltestingcompany.com.au/electromedical/
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/health/ht-021/as-slash-nzs--3003-
colon-2018

12. The Company has secured a contract to do a penetration test on a clients

Information Technology System. What is the AS that guides Information Security
Management, particularly dealing with monitoring, measuring and analysis?
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Answer:
AS ISO/IEC 27004:2018– Information technology – Security techniques – information
security management – Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation.

https://www.protectivesecurity.gov.au/resources/Pages/relevant-australian-and-international-
standards.aspx
 
13. The Company has secured a contract to do review the automation processing at the
MasterFoods plant. What is the AS that guides Industrial automation systems and
integration?
 
Answer: AS 10303.1-1998 Rec:2013
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/communication/it-006/as--10303-
dot-1-1998--rec-colon-2013

14. The Company is looking to diversify and secure contracts in the area of the Internet
of Things. This is an emerging technology and provides good opportunities. What is the
Standard that guides the internet of things for Australia?

Answer:
Standards that guides the internet of things for Australia:
1. No duplicated default or weak passwords
2. Implement a vulnerability disclosure policy
3. Keep software securely updated
4. Securely store credentials
5. Ensure that personal data is protected
6. Minimise exposed attack surfaces
7. Ensure communication security
8. Ensure software integrity
9. Make systems resilient to outages
10. Monitor system telemetry data
11. Make it easy for consumers to delete personal data
12. Make installation and maintenance of devices easy
13. Validate input data

https://www.cyber.gov.au/acsc/view-all-content/publications/iot-code-practice-guidance-
manufacturers

15. Mechanics in a company servicing a Toyota Prado want to replace three M8 - grade
8.8 bolts with mild steel bolts during a chassis repair. Is this practice acceptable? Please
provide a detailed answer and reference.

Answer: All high strength structural bolt assemblies to AS/NZS 1252.1:2016.

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In my point of view the practice mentioned in the question is not acceptable. In Australia, all
bolts for structural purpose must be ‘high tensile’, ISO Metric Grade 8.8 or 10.9. Although
steel bolts are known for corrosion resistance. Strengths of bolts are rated in PSI (pounds per
square inch).

PSI of Stainless-steel bolts are the same as of grade 5 bolt i.e. 1,25,000 PSI but grade 8.8 bolt
has stronger rating i.e. 150,000 PSI.
https://www.dtwd.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/teachingproducts/AUT035_CCBY.PDF
https://www.steel.org.au/resources/elibrary/resource-items/tn001-high-strength-structural-
bolt-assemblies-to/tech-note-tn001-v5_web.pdf/
https://www.nutsandbolts.com/v10-stainless-steel-grade.html
https://www.standards.org.au/standards-catalogue/sa-snz/manufacturing/me-029/as-slash-
nzs--1252-dot-1-colon-2016
 
16. The CE wants to know if we can fit rear facing ‘spotlights’ or ‘work lights’ to road
registered vehicles so that maintenance crews can work off the back of their vehicles at
night?  What is the reference for your answer? 

Answer: Australian Design Rule 13/00- light installation guidelines can help us to identify
the different rules and conditions for rear facing lights, spotlights or work lights. In addition
to ADR 13/00, Australian states have their own rules and regulations in terms of rear facing
lights. These are:

 NSW and Australian Capital Territory: Placing additional rear-facing lights on a sports

bar while driving a ute is illegal.
 Northern Territory: Placing additional rear-facing lights are legal.
 Queensland: Placing additional rear-facing lights are not legal.
 South Australia: Placing additional rear-facing lights are legal.
 Tasmania: Placing additional rear-facing lights are not legal.
 Victoria: Placing additional rear-facing lights are legal.
 Western Australia: placing additional rear-facing lights are legal.

 In NSW any rear facing lights can only be operated from outside the vehicle, therefore
you cannot operate when driving and the bulbs cannot exceed 7 watts.
 In ACT, Work lights must be fitted with a tell-tale illuminated labelled rocker switch to
warn the driver the light is on. A driver must not use, or allow to be used, any light fitted
to or inside the vehicle to dazzle, or in any way that is likely to dazzle another road user.

 In WA, work lights must be pointing at 45 degrees with a separate switch which can be
access from outside.

 They aren't activated via your driving light wiring loom (includes slaving off the reverse
light). They are independently wired and switched.

https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2017C01072
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