General notes and may function as an apologetical document proving the true

christian doctrine through scripture and tradition.

-Made by Haakon
Table of contents:

Divinity of Christ 3
Prophecies fulfilled 4
Holy Spirit being God 5
Mary Mother of God 6
Mary, Ark of the new covenant 7
The primacy of Peter 8
Sola scriptura and the early church 15
Sola fide 16
Proofs for sola fide refuted 18
Eternal security 19
Baptism and the eucharist 20
Filioque 21
Original sin 22
Purgatory 22
Intercession of the Saints 22
The sabbath 23
Iconography 23
Historicity of Jesus and the bible 25
Orthodoxy 25
Modern corruption in the church 26
Heresies and the ecumenical councils 26
Islam 26
The bible in the Quran 28
Violence in Islam 29
Darwinism 29
Sources 29
Divinity of Christ
Greek begotten: monogenes, meaning “unique” or “only one of its kind”

Revelation 22:13

John 5:23 then Thomas worship John 20:28

John 6:46 - Exodus 6:3

John 1:1-3
John 1:14
John 5:18
John 5:23
John 5:22
John 8:58
John 9:38
John 13:13
John 14:6-9
John 16:30
John 17:5
John 20:28-29
Hebrews 1:1-8
Colossians 2:9
Exodus 3:14
Matthew 1:23
Genesis 1:26
Matthew 24:30
Matthew 28:18
Matthew 14:33
Colossians 1:15
Titus 2:13
Isaiah 9:6
2 Peter 1:1
1 Corinthians 8:6
Isaiah 44:6
2 corinthians 13:14
1 John 5:7
Mark 13:32 Father knows when the marriage takes place, but everyone knows it will be near,
Father will give the word. explaining what the situation of the tribulation would look like

Polycarp (69-155)
Now may the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the eternal high priest himself, the
Son of God Jesus Christ, build you up in faith and truth...and to us with you, and to all those
under heaven who will yet believe in our Lord and God Jesus Christ and in his Father who
raised him from the dead.
Justin Martyr (100-165)
And that Christ being Lord, and God the Son of God, and appearing formerly in power as
Man, and Angel, and in the glory of fire as at the bush, so also was manifested at the
judgment executed on Sodom, has been demonstrated fully by what has been said.

Prophecies fulfilled
Daniel 7:13 - Matthew 24:30 Son of man coming with the clouds of heaven
Miach 5:2 - Matthew 2:1 Born in bethlehem
Genesis 12:3 - Matthew 1:1 Abraham
Genesis 17:19 - Luke 3:34 Isaac
Numbers 24:18 - Matthew 1:2 Jaob
Genesis 49:10 - Luke 3:33 Tribe of Judah
Isaiah 9:6 - Luke 1:32-33 David's throne
Daniel 2:44 - Hebrews 1:8 Eternal throne
Isaiah 7:14 - Matthew 1:23 Virgin birth, name Immanuel
Psalm 2:7 - Matthew 3:16-17 Son of God
Psalm 110:4 - Hebrews 5:5-6 Priest
Malachi 4:5-6 - Matthew 11:13-14 Elijah
Psalm 22:1 - Matthew 27:46 Forsaken
Psalm 49:15 - Matthew 28:2-7 Resurrection
Psalm 24:7-10 - Mark 16:19 Ascension
Isaiah 53:5-12 - Romans 5:6-8 Sacrifice of our sins
Psalm 110:1 - Matthew 22:44 Right throne of God
Hosea 11:1 - Matthew 2:14–15 Egypt
Exodus 12:5 - Hebrews 9:14 Sinless
Psalm 40:6–8 - Hebrews 10:5–10 Perfect sacrifice
Psalm 78:1–2 - Matthew 13:34–35 Parables
Isaiah 8:14 - 1 Peter 2:7–8
Isaiah 40:3 John the baptist
Zeccheraiah 12:10
Jeremiah 13:31 new covenant

Holy Spirit being God

2 corinthians 13:14
1 Corinthians 2:11 (Knowing the hour)
2 thessalonians 2:13
Matthew 28:19
Acts 5:3-4
Acts 13:2 (Personhood)
Personhood against the modalists and those who say the trinity is not of persons
Tertullian (145-220)
That there are, however, two Gods or two Lords, is a statement which at no time proceeds out
of our mouth: not as if it were untrue that the Father is God, and the Son is God, and the Holy
Ghost is God, and each is God; but because in earlier times Two were actually spoken of as
God, and two as Lord, that when Christ should come He might be both acknowledged as God
and designated as Lord, being the Son of Him who is both God and Lord.
…
Besides, if, from that perfect knowledge which assures us that the title of God and Lord is
suitable both to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost,
Mary Mother of God
As Christ is one person in two natures, the full divinity and personhood dwelled inside the
blessed virgin. Thus Mary is not solely the mother of the “man Jesus”, (although Mary did not
begett any divinity but humanity) she gave birth to the divine logos. She is to be called
Mother of God.

The council of Ephesus Canon 1–5

If anyone will not confess that the Emmanuel is very God, and that therefore the
Holy Virgin is the Mother of God (Θεοτόκος), inasmuch as in the flesh she bore the
Word of God made flesh [as it is written, The Word was made flesh] let him be
anathema.

Luke 1:42 - Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the child you will bear!
Luke 1:43 - But why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord should come to me?
Luke 1:30 - Do not be afraid, Mary; you have found favor with God.
Genesis 3:15 -
Isaiah 7:14
Romans 6:14
Jude 1:24

Irenaeus
“The Virgin Mary, being obedient to his word, received from an angel the glad tidings that she
would bear God” (Against Heresies, 5:19:1 [A.D. 189]).

Athanasius
“The Word begotten of the Father from on high, inexpressibly, inexplicably,
incomprehensibly, and eternally, is he that is born in time here below of the Virgin Mary, the
Mother of God” (The Incarnation of the Word of God 8 [A.D. 365]).

Ambrose of Milan
“The first thing which kindles ardor in learning is the greatness of the teacher. What is greater
than the Mother of God? What more glorious than she whom Glory Itself chose?” (The
Virgins 2:2[7] [A.D. 377]).
“Mary, a Virgin not only undefiled but a Virgin whom grace has made inviolate, free of every
stain of sin.” Ambrose, Sermon 22, 30 {A.D. 388).

“We must except the Holy Virgin Mary, concerning whom I wish to raise no question when it
touches the subject of sins, out of honour to the Lord; for from Him we know what abundance
of grace for overcoming sin in every particular was conferred upon her who had the merit to
conceive and bear Him who undoubtedly had no sin.” Augustine, Nature and Grace 4, 36
{A.D.415).

Mary, Ark of the new covenant

When David saw the ark he rejoiced and said, “How can the ark of the Lord come to me?”
Elizabeth uses almost the same words: “Why is this granted me, that the mother of my Lord
should come to me?”

The ark returns to its home and ends up in Jerusalem, where God’s presence and glory is
revealed in the temple (2 Sm 6:12; 1 Kgs 8:9-11). Mary returns home and eventually ends up
in Jerusalem, where she presents God incarnate in the temple (Lk 1:56; 2:21-22).

2 Samuel 6: 11 The ark remained in the house of Obededom for three months. Luke
1: 56 Mary remained in the house of Elizabeth for three months.

2 Samuel 6: 15 David shouts in the presence of the Ark. Luke 1: 42 Elizabeth

"exclaimed with a loud cry" in the presence of Mary.

2 Samuel 6: 14 Dressed as a priest, David dance and lept before the ark. Luke 1: 41
John the Baptist, son of the priest Zechariah, leapt in his mother's womb at Mary's
coming.

2 Samuel 6: 1-11 Ark traveled to the house of Obededom in the hill country of Judea
Luke 1: 39 Mary traveled to the house of Elizabeth and Zechariah in the hill country
of Judea.

Deuteronomy 10:3-5 The written stone containing Gods words

Hebrews 9:4 a golden urn holding the manna (bread), and Aaron’s rod that budded
(priesthood)

In Mary was the Word of God incarnate, The true priest, and the bread of life, Jesus Christ

Revelation 11:19, 12:1-2, 12:5 - Mary Ark of the new covenant

Genesis 3:15, Revelations 11:19-12:2. Mary new Eve, Jesus new Adam

Revelations 12:17 Mother of the Church

Athanasius of Alexandria (c. 296–373) was the main defender of the deity of Christ against
the second-century heretics. He wrote: “O noble Virgin, truly you are greater than any other
greatness. For who is your equal in greatness, O dwelling place of God the Word? To whom
among all creatures shall I compare you, O Virgin? You are greater than them all O [Ark of
the] Covenant, clothed with purity instead of gold! You are the ark in which is found the
golden vessel containing the true manna, that is, the flesh in which divinity resides” (Homily
of the Papyrus of Turin).

Gregory the Wonder Worker (c. 213–c. 270) wrote: “Let us chant the melody that has been
taught us by the inspired harp of David, and say, ‘Arise, O Lord, into thy rest; thou, and the
ark of thy sanctuary.’ For the Holy Virgin is in truth an ark, wrought with gold both within
and without, that has received the whole treasury of the sanctuary” (Homily on the
Annunciation to the Holy Virgin Mary).

The primacy of Peter

Isaiah 22:21-22 - Prophecy about Peter and the Church. David speaks to Eliakim. An office,
doesnt pass with death but has succession. Second in rank to the King.
Matthew 16:16-19 - Peter is the rock
Jn 1:42
Luke 22:32 - Jesus prays that Peter's faith fail not
John 21:15-17 - Feed my lambs
Matthew 10:2 - First among the apostles
Mark 16:7 - Disciples and Peter
 Gen 17:5 - Gen 17:15-16 - Gen 32:29 Rename follows when given authority
If Matthew wanted to emphasize small rock, check rev. 2:17
Rev 12:5 greek verb for rule is same as in John sheep «tend»
Matthew 23:4
190 mentions. The combined of the rest 130
Protos Matthew 10:2 means first or chief but we know Peter wasnt first (andwer was)
[T]he underlying Aramaic is in this case unquestionable; and most probably kepha was used in
both clauses (“you are kepha” and “on this kepha”), since the word was used both for a name
and for a “rock.” The Peshitta (written in Syriac, a language cognate with a dialect of Aramaic)
makes no distinction between the words in the two clauses. Baptist Scholar. D.A Carson

canon 3 which decreed: "The Bishop of Constantinople, however, shall have the prerogative
of honour after the Bishop of Rome because Constantinople is New Rome."

Council of Chalcedon

“Wherefore the most holy and blessed Leo, archbishop of the great and
elder Rome, through us, and through this present most holy synod, together
with the thrice blessed and all-glorious Peter the apostle, who is the rock
and foundation of the Catholic Church, and the foundation of the orthodox
faith, has stripped him [Dioscorus] of the episcopate” (Acts of the Council,
session 3 [A.D. 451]).

The Council of Ephesus (431 AD)

“No one doubts, but rather it has been known to all generations, that
the holy and most blessed Peter, chief and head of the Apostles, the
pillar of the faith, the foundation stone of the Catholic church,
received the keys of the kingdom from our Lord Jesus Christ the
Savior and Redeemer of the human race, and that the power of
binding and loosing sins was given to him, who up to this moment and
always lives in his successors, and judges.”
(From the speech of Philip the Roman legate in action III of the Ecumenical Council in
Ephesus 431

Church father quotes

St. Irenaeus of Lyons (A.D. 130-202)

“But since it would be very long in a volume of this sort to give the
successions of all the churches, we will point to that of the
exceedingly great and ancient church which was founded and
established at Rome by the most glorious apostles Peter and Paul. By
its tradition and by its faith announced to men, which has been
transmitted to us by the succession of bishops, we confound all those
who in any way, by caprice or vain glory, or by blindness and
perversity of will, gather where they ought not….For to this [Roman]
church…on account of its more powerful principality (propter
potentiorem principalitatem), it is necessary that every church , that is,
the faithful from all sides [of the world], should come be in
agreement, in which the tradition from the Apostles has always been
preserved by those that are from all parts” ( St. Irenaeus, 180 AD,
Against Heresies – Book III, chapter III)

Jerome Letter 41: 2. “If, then, the apostle Peter, upon whom the Lord
has founded the Church…

“Since the East, shattered as it is by the long-standing feuds [Araianism], subsisting between
its peoples, is bit by bit tearing into shreds the seamless vest of the Lord, woven from the top
throughout, since the foxes are destroying the vineyard of Christ, and since among the broken
cisterns that hold no water it is hard to discover the sealed fountain and the garden enclosed, I
think it my duty to consult the chair of Peter…My words are spoken to the successor of the
fisherman, to the disciple of the cross. As I follow no leader save Christ, so I communicate
with none but your blessedness, that is with the chair of Peter. For this, I know, is the rock on
which the church is built..If you think fit enact a decree; and then I shall not hesitate to speak
of three hypostases. Order a new creed to supersede the Nicene; and then, whether we are
Arians or orthodox, one confession will do for us all….I implore your blessedness, therefore,
by the crucified Saviour of the world, and by the consubstantial trinity, to authorize me by
letter either to use or to refuse this formula of three hypostases.” (St. Jerome, Letter to Pope
St. Damasus I, 367 A.D., Epistle #15)
“I follow no leader but Christ and join in communion with none but your
blessedness [Pope Damasus I], that is, with the chair of Peter. I know that
this is the rock on which the Church has been built. Whoever eats the Lamb
outside this house is profane. Anyone who is not in the ark of Noah will
perish when the flood prevails” (Letters 15:2 [A.D. 396]).

The Clementine Homilies

“[Simon Peter said to Simon Magus in Rome:] ‘For you now stand in direct
opposition to me, who am a firm rock, the foundation of the Church’ [Matt.
16:18]” (Clementine Homilies 17:19 [A.D. 221]).

The Letter of Clement to James

“Be it known to you, my lord, that Simon [Peter], who, for the sake of the
true faith, and the most sure foundation of his doctrine, was set apart to be
the foundation of the Church, and for this end was by Jesus himself, with
his truthful mouth, named Peter” (Letter of Clement to James 2 [A.D. 221]).

Pope Leo I

“Our Lord Jesus Christ . . . has placed the principal charge on the blessed
Peter, chief of all the apostles. . . . He wished him who had been received
into partnership in his undivided unity to be named what he himself was,
when he said: ‘You are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my Church’
[Matt. 16:18], that the building of the eternal temple might rest on Peter’s
solid rock, strengthening his Church so surely that neither could human
rashness assail it nor the gates of hell prevail against it” (Letters 10:1 [A.D.
445]).

Ambrose of Milan

“[Christ] made answer: ‘You are Peter, and upon this rock will I build my
Church. . . . ’ Could he not, then, strengthen the faith of the man to whom,
acting on his own authority, he gave the kingdom, whom he called the rock,
thereby declaring him to be the foundation of the Church [Matt. 16:18]?”
(The Faith 4:5 [A.D. 379]).

“It is to Peter that he says: ‘You are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my
Church’ [Matt. 16:18]. Where Peter is, there is the Church. And where the
Church is, no death is there, but life eternal” (Commentary on Twelve
Psalms of David 40:30 [A.D. 389]).

St. Damasus, Pope of Rome (A.D. 304-384)

“Although the catholic churches diffused throughout the world are one bridal chamber of
Christ, yet the holy Roman church has been preferred to all other churches, not by any
synodical decrees, but has obtained the primacy by the voice of our Lord and Savior in the
gospel, saying: ‘You are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church, and the gates of hell
will never prevail against it; and I will give to you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and
whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall
be loosed in heaven…..Therefore, the first see of Peter the Apostles is that of the Roman
church, not having spot or wrinkle or any such thing” (Decree of Damasus, Roman Synod
382. Patrologia Latina 13.374; Jalland, T.G. (1944). Church and Papacy. London:
Morehouse-Gorham Co. p. 255-57)

Dionysius
“For from the beginning it has been your custom to do good to all the brethren in various
ways and to send contributions to all the churches in every city. . . Thus custom your blessed
Bishop Soter has not only preserved, but is augmenting, by furnishing an abundance of
supplies to the saints and by urging with consoling words, as a loving father his children, the
brethren who are journeying” (Epistle to Soter [Bishop of Rome] 4:23:9 [inter AD. 166-174]).

Cyprian:
"[After quoting Matthew 16:18f; John 21:15ff]...On him [Peter] He builds the Church, and to
him He gives the command to feed the sheep; and although He assigned a like power to all the
Apostles, yet he founded a single Chair, and He established by His own authority a source and
an intrinsic reason for that unity. Indeed, the others were that also which Peter was; but a
primacy is given to Peter, whereby it is made clear that there is but one Church and one Chair.
So too, all are shepherds, and the flock is shown to be one, fed by all the Apostles in
single-minded accord. If someone does not hold fast to this unity of Peter, can he imagine that
he still holds the faith? If he deserted the chair of Peter upon whom the Church was built, can
he still be confident that he is in the Church?" (Cyprian, The Unity of the Catholic Church
[first edition] 4, c. AD 251)

Clement of rome
“The Church of God which sojourns in Rome to the Church of God which sojourns in
Corinth, to those who are called and sanctified by the will of God through our Lord Jesus
Christ. Grace and peace from almighty God be multiplied unto you through Jesus Christ.
Owing to the sudden and repeated calamities and misfortunes which have befallen us, we
must acknowledge that we have been somewhat tardy in turning our attention to the matters in
dispute among you, beloved” (Epistle to the Corinthians, circa A.D. 80]).
“Accept our counsel and you will have nothing to regret. . . . If anyone disobeys the things
which have been said by him [Jesus] through us, let them know that they will involve
themselves in no small danger. We, however, shall be innocent of this sin and will pray with
entreaty and supplication that the Creator of all may keep unharmed the number of his elect.”
(ibid. 58:2, 59:1).

“You will afford us joy and gladness if, being obedient to the things which we have written
through the Holy Spirit, you will root out the wicked passion of jealousy, in accord with the
plea for peace and concord which we have made in this letter” (ibid. 63:2).

(The Schism of the Donatists 2:2 [circa A.D. 367]).

Optatus
“In the city of Rome the episcopal chair was given first to Peter, the chair in which Peter sat,
the same who was head – that is why he is also called Cephas – of all the apostles, the one
chair in which unity is maintained by all. Neither do the apostles proceed individually on their
own, and anyone who would [presume to] **set up another chair in opposition to that single
chair would, by that very fact, be a schismatic and a sinner**. . . .Recall, then, the origins of
your chair, those of you who wish to claim for yourselves the title of holy Church”
Optatus

“You cannot deny that you are aware that in the city of Rome the episcopal
chair was given first to Peter; the chair in which Peter sat, the same who
was head—that is why he is also called Cephas [‘Rock’]—of all the
apostles; the one chair in which unity is maintained by all” (The Schism of
the Donatists 2:2 [A.D. 367]).
Tatian the Syrian

“Simon Cephas answered and said, ‘You are the Messiah, the Son of the
living God.’ Jesus answered and said unto him, ‘Blessed are you, Simon,
son of Jonah: flesh and blood has not revealed it unto thee, but my Father
which is in heaven. And I say unto thee also, that you are Cephas, and on
this rock will I build my Church; and the gates of hades shall not prevail
against it” (The Diatesseron 23 [A.D. 170]).

Tertullian

“Was anything withheld from the knowledge of Peter, who is called ‘the rock
on which the Church would be built’ [Matt. 16:18] with the power of ‘loosing
and binding in heaven and on earth’ [Matt. 16:19]?” (Demurrer Against the
Heretics 22 [A.D. 200]).

Origen

“Look at [Peter], the great foundation of the Church, that most solid of
rocks, upon whom Christ built the Church [Matt. 16:18]. And what does our
Lord say to him? ‘Oh you of little faith,’ he says, ‘why do you doubt?’ [Matt.
14:31]” (Homilies on Exodus 5:4 [A.D. 248]).

Cyprian of Carthage

“The Lord says to Peter: ‘I say to you,’ he says, ‘that you are Peter, and
upon this rock I will build my Church, and the gates of hell will not overcome
it. And to you I will give the keys of the kingdom of heaven . . . ’ [Matt.
16:18–19]. On him [Peter] he builds the Church, and to him he gives the
command to feed the sheep [John 21:17], and although he assigns a like
power to all the apostles, yet he founded a single chair [cathedra], and he
established by his own authority a source and an intrinsic reason for that
unity. Indeed, the others were that also which Peter was [i.e., apostles], but
a primacy is given to Peter, whereby it is made clear that there is but one
Church and one chair. . . . If someone does not hold fast to this unity of
Peter, can he imagine that he still holds the faith? If he [should] desert the
chair of Peter upon whom the Church was built, can he still be confident
that he is in the Church?” (The Unity of the Catholic Church 4; 1st edition
[A.D. 251]).

It is not possible to set up another altar or for there to be another

priesthood besides that one altar and that one priesthood. Whoever has
gathered elsewhere is scattering” (Letters 43[40]:5 [A.D. 253]).
Firmilian (EO only?)

“But what is his error . . . who does not remain on the foundation of the one
Church which was founded upon the rock by Christ [Matt. 16:18], can be
learned from this, which Christ said to Peter alone: ‘Whatever things you
shall bind on earth shall be bound also in heaven; and whatever you loose
on earth, they shall be loosed in heaven’ [Matt. 16:19]” (collected in
Cyprian’s Letters74[75]:16 [A.D. 253]).

“[Pope] Stephen [I] . . . boasts of the place of his episcopate, and contends
that he holds the succession from Peter, on whom the foundations of the
Church were laid [Matt. 16:18]. . . . [Pope] Stephen . . . announces that he
holds by succession the throne of Peter” (ibid., 74[75]:17).

Ephraim the Syrian

“[Jesus said:] ‘Simon, my follower, I have made you the foundation of the
holy Church. I betimes called you Peter, because you will support all its
buildings. You are the inspector of those who will build on earth a Church
for me. If they should wish to build what is false, you, the foundation, will
condemn them. You are the head of the fountain from which my teaching
flows; you are the chief of my disciples’” (Homilies 4:1 [A.D. 351]).

Clement of Alexandria
“[T]he blessed Peter, the chosen, the preeminent, the first among the disciples, for whom
alone with himself the Savior paid the tribute [Matt. 17:27], quickly grasped and understood
their meaning. And what does he say? ‘Behold, we have left all and have followed you’ [Matt.
19:27; Mark 10:28]” (Who Is the Rich Man That Is Saved? 21:3–5 [A.D. 200]).
St. Augustine
“Among these [apostles] Peter alone almost everywhere deserved to represent the whole
Church. Because of that representation of the Church, which only he bore, he deserved to hear
‘I will give to you the keys of the kingdom of heaven’” (Sermons 295:2 [A.D. 411]).
“Some things are said which seem to relate especially to the apostle Peter, and yet are not
clear in their meaning unless referred to the Church, which he is acknowledged to have
represented in a figure on account of the primacy which he bore among the disciples. Such is
‘I will give unto you the keys of the kingdom of heaven,’ and other similar passages”
(Commentary on Psalm 108 1 [A.D. 415]).
“Who is ignorant that the first of the apostles is the most blessed Peter?” (Commentary on
John 56:1 [A.D. 416]).
Sola scriptura and the early church
John 20:23 forgiving sins

2 Peter 1:20 Knowing this first, that no prophecy of the scripture is of any private
interpretation.
Ephesians 2:20 - Together, we are his house, built on the foundation of the apostles and the
prophets. And the cornerstone is Christ Jesus himself.
2 Thess. 3:6 - withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh disorderly, and not after
the tradition which he received of us
Acts 16:4 - As they traveled from town to town, they delivered the decisions reached by the
apostles and elders in Jerusalem for the people to obey.
2 Thessalonians 2:15 - So then, brothers and sisters, stand firm and hold fast to the teachings
we passed on to you, whether by word of mouth or by letter.
1 corinthians 11:1-2 - Now I praise you because you remember me in everything and hold
firmly to the traditions, just as I delivered them to you
2 Thess. 3:14 - Take special note of anyone who does not obey our instruction in this letter.
Do not associate with them, in order that they may feel ashamed.
1 Corinthians 11:2 - Now I praise you, brethren, that ye remember me in all things, and keep
the ordinances, as I delivered them to you.
Luke 10:16 - Whoever listens to you listens to me; whoever rejects you rejects me; but
whoever rejects me rejects him who sent me
2 Peter 3:15-16
1 Timothy 3:15
Ephesians 4:11–15
Acts 15:28–29
Matthew 23:2–3
Acts 2:42
2 Timothy 3:14-15
“Our Apostles, too, were given to understand by our own Lord Jesus Christ the office of the bishop
would give rise to intrigues. For this reason, they appointed the men mentioned before, and
afterwards laid down a rule once for all to this effect: when these men die, other approved men
shall succeed to their sacred ministry”.

- Clement of Rome (a disciple of Peter and Paul), “Epistle to the Corinthians”, 96 AD.
Sola fide

Canon 1. If any­one says that man can be jus­ti­fied before God by his
own works, whether done by his own nat­ural pow­ers or through the
teach­ing of the law, with­out divine grace through Jesus Christ, let
him be anath­ema.

Council of Trent

● Ini­tial jus­ti­fi­ca­tion, which takes place upon con­ver­sion to the

Chris­t­ian faith;
● Con­tin­u­ing jus­ti­fi­ca­tion, which occurs as a per­son grows in
faith, in good works, and in right­eous­ness;
● Final jus­ti­fi­ca­tion, which takes place at the final judg­ment on
the Last Day.

James 2:19 - Demons believe

James 2:24 - Faith without works is dead

Matthew 7:14-27 - Good fruits, doing the will of the Father
Matthew 12:37 - For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be
condemned
Luke 6:46 - Why do you call me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ and do not do what I say?
Romans 2:6-8 - God “will repay each person according to what they have done.”
Romans 2:13 - For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous in God’s sight, but it is
those who obey the law who will be declared righteous.
Hebrews 5:7-9 - and, once made perfect, he became the source of eternal salvation for all who
obey him
Matthew 13:18-22 - Parable of the sower
Matthew 19:16-17 - if thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments.
Matthew 25:15-30 Parable of the talents
Matthew 25:35-46 Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and
sisters of mine, you did for me.’
Mark 3:35 - Whoever does God’s will is my brother and sister and mother.
Mark 13:13 - Everyone will hate you because of me, but the one who stands firm to the end
will be saved.
Mark 13:35-37 - do not let the watcher find you sleeping
2 corinthians 5:10

1 Peter 3:21 Baptism now saves you

Luke 9:24 - For whoever wants to save their life will lose it, but whoever loses their life for
me will save it.
Luke 10:25-28 - ‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with
all your strength and with all your mind’[a]; and, ‘Love your neighbor as yourself
luke 14:27-33 - And whoever does not carry their cross and follow me cannot be my disciple.
John 8:12 - When Jesus spoke again to the people, he said, “I am the light of the world.
Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.”
Galatians 5:19-21- The acts of the flesh are obvious
Philippians 2:12 - Therefore, my dear friends, as you have always obeyed--not only in my
presence, but now much more in my absence--continue to work out your salvation with fear
and trembling
1 Timothy 3:1-2,6
1 Timothy 5:8 - Anyone who does not provide for their relatives, and especially for their own
household, has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.
2 Timothy 2:10 - Therefore I endure everything for the sake of the elect, that they too may
obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus, with eternal glory.
Romans 8:12-13 - For if you live according to the flesh, you will die; but if by the Spirit you
put to death the misdeeds of the body, you will live.
1 Corinthians 13:2 - If I have the gift of prophecy and can fathom all mysteries and all
knowledge, and if I have a faith that can move mountains, but do not have love, I am nothing.

Revelation 20:13 - And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell
delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their
works.
Apocalypse 2:4-5 DRA
1 corinthians 7:19
1 john 1:9
acts 22:16 - 1 corinthians 6:11 baptism same greek word apoluo
Proofs for sola fide refuted

John 3:16 - John 3:19 - Their works were evil

John 5:34 - John 5:28 - Speaking of good deeds
John 16:27 - John 14:15-16 - The meaning of the word “love” is to obey the commandments
Galatians 2:16 - 2:14 - Speaking of the works of the law
Ephesians 2:8-9 colossians 2:12-14, Galatians 3:26-27
Romans 3 and 4, Galatians 2 and 5, philippians 3
Romans 5:1
Romans 11:6 - Keep reading about being grafted and cut off from the tree

Martin Luther on James: “I do not regard it as the writing of an apostle.” “is flatly against St.
Paul and all the rest of Scripture in ascribing justification to works”
Martin Luther after adding the word “sola” in the bible:
“If your papist wants to make so much fuss about the word sola [alone] tell him this, ‘Dr.
Martin Luther will have it so, and says that a papist and an ass are the same thing.’”

The First Apology of Justin - chapter 12 - Each man goes to everlasting punishment or
salvation according to the value of his actions. For if all men knew this, no one would choose
wickedness even for a little, knowing that he goes to the everlasting punishment of fire.
Letter to Polycarp 6:2 "Be pleasing to him whose soldiers you are, and whose pay you
receive. May none of you be found to be a deserter. Let your baptism be your armament, your
faith your helmet, your love your spear, your endurance your full suit of armor. Let your
works be as your deposited withholdings, so that you may receive the back-pay which has
accrued to you (ANF, Vol. 1, p. 95).

Eternal security

Believe for a while - Luke 8:13

Be led away with error - 2 Pet. 3:17

Err from the truth - James 5:19-20

Weak brother may perish - 1 Cor. 8:11

Fall into condemnation - James 5:12

Be moved away from the hope - Col. 1:21-23

Deny the Lord who bought them - 2 Pet. 2:1

Go back to the mud - 2 peter 2:22

Depart from the living God - Heb. 3:12

Can be a castaway - 1 Cor. 9:27

Can become accursed children - 2 Pet. 2:14-15

Can lose salvation - Luke 9:62

Brothers who fell Romans 11:22

Stand firm to the end Matthew 10:22

Fall from grace - Gal. 5:4

Hebrews 10:26

Rev 2:4-5

Rebut

John 15:16 not talking about salvation, but bringing forth fruit

talking to the 12 apostles John 17:12 Judas lost

John 6:38-39 -1 Timothy 2:4

Ephesians 1

Baptism and the eucharist

1 Corinthians 10:16-17 - Is not the cup of thanksgiving for which we give thanks a
participation in the blood of Christ? And is not the bread that we break a participation in the
body of Christ?
John 6:53-57 - For my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink
Mark 16:16 - He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall
be damned
John 3:5 - Jesus answered, 'Very truly I tell you, no one can enter the kingdom of God unless
they are born of water and the Spirit
Matthew 28:19 - Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name
of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,

Ignatius of Antioch (50 – c. 110)

“They abstain from the Eucharist and prayer, because they [heretics] refuse to acknowledge
that the Eucharist is the flesh of our Savior Jesus Christ, which suffered for our sins and
which the Father by his goodness raised up.” (Letter to the Smyrnaeans, 6:2)

Filioque
John 20:22 - And with that he breathed on them and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit.
Galatians 4:6 - And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your
hearts, crying, Abba, Father
Romans 8:9 - And if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, they do not belong to Christ.
Philippians 1:19 - for I know that through your prayers and God's provision of the Spirit of
Jesus Christ what has happened to me will turn out for my deliverance
Revelation 22:1 - And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding
out of the throne of God and of the Lamb
John 5:19 because whatever the Father does the Son also does. (The Father spirates the Spirit)
John 16:7

St Athanasius
“As, therefore, the Father begot, the Son is begotten; so the Father sent, the Son was sent. But
in like manner as He who begot and He who was begotten, so both He who sent and He who
was sent, are one, since the Father and the Son are one. So also the Holy Spirit is one with
them, since these three are one. For as to be born, in respect to the Son, means to be from the
Father; so to be sent, in respect to the Son, means to be known to be from the Father. And as
to be the gift of God in respect to the Holy Spirit, means to proceed from the Father; so to be
sent, is to be known to proceed from the Father. Neither can we say that the Holy Spirit does
not also proceed from the Son, for the same Spirit is not without reason said to be the Spirit
both of the Father and of the Son. Nor do I see what else He intended to signify, when He
breathed on the face of the disciples, and said, ‘Receive the Holy Ghost‘. For that bodily
breathing, proceeding from the body with the feeling of bodily touching, was not the
substance of the Holy Spirit, but a declaration by a fitting sign, that the Holy Spirit proceeds
not only from the Father, but also from the Son.”

Original sin
Romans 5:12 - Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death
through sin, and in this way death came to all people, because all sinned

Psalm 51:5 - Surely I was sinful at birth, sinful from the time my mother conceived me.

Romans 3:23 - "for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,

Job 15:14 - What are mortals, that they could be pure, or those born of woman, that
they could be righteous?

Ephesians 2:1-3
Jeremiah 17:9–10
Mark 7:21–23

Purgatory
1 Corinthians 3:11-15 - If it is burned up, the builder will suffer loss but yet will be
saved—even though only as one escaping through the flames.
2 Maccabees 12:41–45 - atonement for the dead
Luke 12 parable of watchfullness

Gregory of Nyssa
“If a man distinguishes in himself what is peculiarly human from that which is irrational, and
if he be on the watch for a life of greater urbanity for himself, in this present life he will purify
himself of any evil contracted, overcoming the irrational by reason. If he has inclined to the
irrational pressure of the passions, using for the passions the cooperating hide of things
irrational, he may afterward in a quite different manner be very much interested in what is
better, when, after his departure out of the body, he gains knowledge of the difference
between virtue and vice and finds that he is not able to partake of divinity until he has been
purged of the filthy contagion in his soul by the purifying fire” (Sermon on the Dead [A.D.
382]).
Intercession of the Saints
https://www.catholic.com/tract/the-intercession-of-the-saints

Luke 20:36–38

Revelation 5:8

Revelation 8:3-4

«You have job pray for you» Job 42

Ephraim the syrian

“You victorious martyrs who endured torments gladly for the sake of the God and Savior, you
who have boldness of speech toward the Lord himself, you saints, intercede for us who are
timid and sinful men, full of sloth, that the grace of Christ may come upon us, and enlighten
the hearts of all of us so that we may love him” (Commentary on Mark [A.D. 370]).

“Remember me, you heirs of God, you brethren of Christ; supplicate the Savior earnestly for
me, that I may be freed through Christ from him that fights against me day by day” (The Fear
at the End of Life [A.D. 370]).

St Basil

“By the command of your only-begotten Son we communicate with the memory of your
saints . . . by whose prayers and supplications have mercy upon us all, and deliver us for the
sake of your holy name” (Liturgy of St. Basil [A.D. 373]).

The sabbath
Coming soon
Iconography
Exodus 25:17-22
Exodus 26:1, 31-33
I Kings 6:23-28
Ezekiel 41:15-26

1 Chr. 28:18–19
Num. 21:8–9
Catholics use statues, paintings, and other artistic devices to recall the
person or thing depicted. Just as it helps to remember one’s mother by
looking at her photograph, so it helps to recall the example of the saints by
looking at pictures of them. Catholics also use statues as teaching tools. In
the early Church they were especially useful for the instruction of the
illiterate.
Though bowing can be used as a posture in worship, not all bowing is
worship. In Japan, people show respect by bowing in greeting (the
equivalent of the Western handshake). Similarly, a person can kneel before
a king without worshipping him as a god. In the same way, a Catholic who
may kneel in front of a statue while praying isn’t worshipping the statue or
even praying to it, any more than the Protestant who kneels with a Bible in
his hands when praying is worshipping the Bible or praying to it.
The Catechism of the Council of Trent (1566) taught that idolatry is
committed “by worshipping idols and images as God, or believing that they
possess any divinity or virtue entitling them to our worship, by praying to, or
reposing confidence in them” (374).
I do not worship matter, but the Creator of matter, who for my sake became material
and deigned to dwell in matter, who through matter effected my salvation... —St. John of
Damascus
St. Augustine (d. 430) refers several times to pictures of our Lord and the saints in churches
(e.g. “De cons. Evang.”, x, in P.L., XXXIV, 1049; “Contra Faust. Man.”, xxii, 73, in P.L.,
XLII, 446); he says that some people even adore them (“De mor. eccl. cath.”, xxxiv, P.L.,
XXXII, 1342). St. Jerome (d. 420) also writes of pictures of the Apostles as well-known
ornaments of churches (In Ionam, iv). St. Paulinus of Nola (d. 431) paid for mosaics
representing Biblical scenes and saints in the churches of his city, and then wrote a poem
describing them (P.L., LXI, 884). Gregory of Tours (d. 594) says that a Frankish lady, who
built a church of St. Stephen, showed the artists who painted its walls how they should
represent the saints out of a book (Hist. Franc., II, 17, P.L., LXXI, 215). In the East St. Basil
(d. 379), preaching about St. Barlaam, calls upon painters to do the saint more honor by
making pictures of him than he himself can do by words (“Or. in S. Barlaam”, in P.G., XXXI,
488-489, quoted in Hefele-Leclercq, “Histoire des Conciles”, III, p. 611).

Historicity of Jesus and the bible

“The reality is that we don’t have archaeological records for virtually anyone who lived in
Jesus’s time and place,” says University of North Carolina religious studies professor Bart D.
Ehrman “The lack of evidence does not mean a person at the time didn’t exist. It means that
she or he, like 99.99% of the rest of the world at the time, made no impact on the
archaeological record.”
Talmud, Quran references Jesus as historical
According to New Testament scholar James Dunn, nearly all modern scholars consider the
baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion to be historically certain.
Mara Bar serapion
The letter refers to the unjust treatment of "three wise men": the murder of Socrates, the
burning of Pythagoras, and the execution of "the wise king" of the Jews.[1][2] The author
explains that in all three cases the wrongdoing resulted in the future punishment of those
responsible by God and that when the wise are oppressed, not only does their wisdom triumph
in the end, but God punishes their oppressors.
Flavius Josephus
In one passage of Jewish Antiquities that recounts an unlawful execution, Josephus identifies
the victim, James, as the “brother of Jesus-who-is-called-Messiah.” While few scholars doubt
the short account’s authenticity, says Mykytiuk, more debate surrounds Josephus’s lengthier
passage about Jesus, known as the “Testimonium Flavianum,” which describes a man “who
did surprising deeds” and was condemned to be crucified by Pilate.
Cornelius Tacitus.
Tacitus mentions that Emperor Nero falsely blamed “the persons commonly called Christians,
who were hated for their enormities. Christus, the founder of the name, was put to death by
Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judea in the reign of Tiberius.”
Roman governor Pliny the Younger wrote to Emperor Trajan that early Christians would “sing
hymns to Christ as to a god.”
The Mishnah (c. 200) may refer to Jesus as it reflects the early Jewish traditions of portraying
Jesus as a sorcerer or magician.
Orthodoxy
Eastern churches reject the papacy 1800s
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclical_of_the_Eastern_Patriarchs
Eastern churches accept papacy 1400s
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull_of_Union_with_the_Greeks
Mark of Ephesus accepted the ecumenicity

Modern corruption in the church

Sexual assault compared to general population

Assault compared to public schools

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED483143.pdf

http://www.themediareport.com/2011/01/02/los-angeles-attorney-declares-rampant-fraud-man
y-abuse-claims-against-catholic-priests-are-entirely-false/

http://www.themediareport.com/2017/06/02/matt-rocheleau-boston-globe-catholic-church/

Heresies and the ecumenical councils

Coming soon… note: nestorianism, arianism, monothelites, monophysites, marcionism

Islam
1 John 2:22

Verse to refute Quranism

4:59) O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with
authority among you. If ye differ in anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah and His
Messenger, if ye do believe in Allah and the Last Day: That is best, and most suitable for final
determination.

58:7 As for gains granted by Allah to His Messenger from the people of ˹other˺ lands, they
are for Allah and the Messenger, his close relatives, orphans, the poor, and ˹needy˺ travellers
so that wealth may not merely circulate among your rich. Whatever the Messenger gives
you, take it. And whatever he forbids you from, leave it.And fear Allah. Surely Allah is
severe in punishment.

Isaiah 42:11

From the context Isaiah was calling all the peoples (“from the ends of the earth”) to praise
God (v10) for what He has done and will do. Kedar is mentioned by way of illustration as one
example in a list of several but is not singled out as special. From the context Isaiah was
calling all the peoples (“from the ends of the earth”) to praise God (v10) for what He has
done and will do. Kedar is mentioned by way of illustration as one example in a list of several
but is not singled out as special. Nor does Isaiah state that the servant mentioned in 42:1-7
comes from Kedar. All the same some seek to prove that Jesus Christ can’t be the servant here
as Jesus was not sent to the Gentiles.

Isaiah 29:11-13

Isaiah [prophesied] that the Jews would not understand the holy Scriptures, but that they
would become intelligible in the last times, after Christ had come: “And all these words shall
be to you as the words of a book that is sealed, which, if you shall give to a man that knows
letters to read, he shall say, I cannot read, for it is sealed

1) Qur’an states only Allah can speak in parables (Surah 24:35; Surah 14:25). Jesus speaks in
parables in the Bible that no other prophet ever told (Matthew 13:34, 35; Psalms 78:2; Isaiah
6:9, 10).

2) Qur’an says that only Allah will return on the clouds on the Last Day (Surah 2:210). The
Bible says that Jesus will return on the clouds quite often (Revelation 1:7; Mark 13:26; Acts
1:9-11; Daniel 7:13).

3) Qur’an says that only Allah will judge mankind (Surah 6:57; Surah 7:87). El-Bokhary
explained that he heard from Ibn Abbas, who had heard the Prophet Mohammed saying about
Christ, “The Last Day will not come until the son of Mary comes back as a fair Judge to
administer justice and wipe out injustice.” The Bible also says that Jesus will judge mankind
(John 5:22; Romans 2:16; Jude 1:14, 15; 1 Samuel 2:10; Psalm 7:6-8; Psalm 94:1-2; Isaiah
9:6).

4) Qur’an says that only Allah can create (Surah 6:102; Surah 15:86; Surah 22:73). But the
Qur’an also teaches that Jesus creates as well (Surah 3:49; Surah 5:110).

5) Qur’an says that only Allah can heal (Surah 26:80). Mohammed said in an authentic
Hadith, “Oh, Allah, there is no healing but yours.” Meanwhile, in the Qur’an we find Christ
saying about Himself, “I heal those born blind, and the lepers” (Surah 3:49). The Bible also
discusses that Messiah will heal (Matthew 9:35; Matthew 8:5-17; Mark 5:34; Exodus 15:26;
Psalm 107:19-21; Isaiah 53:4-5).

6) Qur’an says that only Allah has the power over life and death (Surah 15:23; Surah 36:12;
Surah 50:43). In his book Beginning and End, Ibn Kathir tells a verified story of Islam that
proves Christ had the authority to give death as well as life. It is told that Christ saw a woman
crying over her daughter, who had died long ago. He asked her, “What makes you cry,
woman?” She said, “My daughter died and I have no more children.” Christ asked her,
“Would you like Me to raise her from the dead?” She said, “Yes, O Spirit of God!” So, Christ
stood by the grave and called the girl three times. On the third time, the little girl came out
and talked with her mother. Then the girl asked Christ to let her return. He told her, “Go
back!” The grave closed and she was dead. (Beginning and End by Ibn Kathir, part 2, page
84).

The Bible teaches that Jesus has power over life and death (Luke 7:13-15; Matthew 9:25;
John 11:43-44; Matthew 27:52-53; Matthew 28:5-7; Revelation 1:18).

Quran teaches false trinity

[5:116] God said, "O Jesus, son of Mary, did you say to the people, 'Take me and my mother
as two gods besides God?' " He said, "Glory to You, it is not for me to say what I had no right
to say."

Surah As-Saf - 61:14

Points to the dominant group (trinitarians) are the real followers of allah (God)

The bible in the Quran

Sura 53:36: "Nay is he not acquainted with what IS IN THE BOOKS OF MOSES."
Sura 5:46: "But why do they (the Jews) come to thee for decision, when they have the Torah
in which IS the command of God."
Sura 5:50: "And let the People of the Gospel judge by what God has revealed in it. If any fail
to judge by what God has revealed, they are licentious."
Quran 7:156-157
Sura 5:71: "Say, O People of the Book! You are not (founded) on anything UNTIL you
PERFORM the TORAH and the GOSPEL, and what was revealed to you from your Lord."
Sura 3:93-94: "All food was lawful to the children of Israel except what Israel made unlawful
for itself before the Torah was revealed. Say, `BRING the TORAH and READ it, if you are
men of truth.' If any, after this, invent a lie and attribute it to God, they are indeed
transgressors.
Mohammed is dead, Jesus is alive
Death is separation from the body.
Allah prays to himself

Violence in Islam
Quran 9:5

 Quran 22:40

Quran 8:60

virgins awarded for martydom Quran 52:20

Darwinism
https://www.discovery.org/a/24041/

Personal

Matthew 16:24

James 1:12

Sources
http://www.thecatholictreasurechest.com/prim.htm
https://www.str.org/w/nine-early-church-fathers-who-taught-jesus-is-god
https://apostles-creed.org/confessional-reformed-christian-theology/theology/early-church-fat
hers-quotes-trinity/