Unit 8 Table of Contents Probability Date Tope 30 | Completed L_| frated iit oeablary 6.6 robability (2 pat) 616 Homework ( pas) ‘Outcomes 616 Homework (2 pas) Probability of Independent Events a0 Homenori Dependent Everts oe Homework Tndependent ard Dependent Everts @pa3) | 636 i Unit 8 Self Reflection 1, Overall, how did I do withthe unit? 2. Which topic was my best? Why? 3. Worst? Why? 4. Did I complete all sections? 5. Did I complete all homework? 6 7 8 9 Did T try my best? What is my goal for the test? How will prepare for the test and meet my goal? >. What can T do to excel in the next unit? 10, Additional comment:Unit 8 Vocabulai ‘pbabality— ‘Compound Event ~ Independent Event — Dependent Event -Probability Notes ‘Theoretical probability) is the chance that some event will occur. It is based on known characteristics or facts. You can use a ratio to find probability. Theoretical Probability Words The theoretical probability of an event is a ratio that ‘compares the number of favorable outcomes to the number of possible outcomes. | Symbols P(event) = "umber of fav The probability that an event will occur is a number from 0 to 1, including 0 and 1. The closer a probability is to 1, the more likely it is to happen. To occur ‘equally likely to occur ‘certain to occur ° for02s Foros Fara7s 1 impo: 0% 25% 75% 100% There are eight equally likely outcomes on the spinner. Find the probability of spinning red. __. number of favorable outcomes P(red) = “number of possible outcomes 1 8 The probability of landing on red is }, 0.125, or 12.5%. Find the probability of spinning blue or yellow. P(blue or yellow) = umber of favorable outcomes =Zork sim. 1 The probability of landing on blue or yellow is 4, 0.25, or 25%.1, OPEN ENDED Give an example of a situation in which the probability of an event occurring is 0. 2. Explain what you can conclude about an event if its probability is 1. 3. FIND THE ERROR Laura and Lourdes are finding the probability of rolling a5 on anumber cube. Who is correct? Explain your reasoning, Laura Lourdes Favorable: 5 Favorable: 5 Possible: 1, 2, Unfavorable: 2,2, 3,4, 6 " CO POs) <5 Practice: A counter is randomly chosen. Find each probability. Write each answer as a fraction, a decimal, and a percent. 4. Pt) 5. PQor5) 6. P(less than 8) 7. P(greater than 4) 4. Piprime) 9. P(not 6) 10, SCHOOL The probability of guessing the answer toa truealse question correctly is 50%, What is the probability of guessing the answer incorrectly?Probability Worksheet The spinner shown is spun once. Find each iim | probability. Write each answer as a fraction,a | decimal, and a percent. {| ! 11. PZ) | 13. P(AorM) 15. P(vowel) 12. PU) 14. P(C, Dor A) 16. P(consonant) A number cube is rolled. Find the probability of each event. Write each answer asa fraction, a decimal, and a percent. 17. PQ) 20, P(less than 1) 23 Pmultiple of 2) 18, P(4or 6) 21, Pleven) 24, P(not 3 and not 4)32, SCHOOL There are 160 girls and 96 boys enrolled at Grant Middle School. The school newspaper is randomly selecting a student to be interviewed. Find the probability of selecting a girl. Write as a fraction, a decimal, and a percent. 38, MULTIPLE CHOICE A number cube is rolled. What is the probability of rolling a composite number? 1 1 1 2 DE Dz @z @; 28, SHORT RESPONSE The probability of spinning aon the spinner (7 is 3. What numbers missing from the spinner? Os WEATHER For Exercises 26 and 27, use the following information. A momning radio announcer reports that the chance of rain today is 85%. 26. What is the probability that it will not rain? 27. Should you carry an umbrella? Explain.Outcomes sue events BASIC SKILL List all outcomes for each situation. 48, tossing a coin 44 rolling a number cube 45, selecting a month of the year 46, choosing a color of the American flag The table shows all of the possible outcomes when you roll two number cubes. The highlighted outcomes are doubles. 0.8) Find the theoretical probability of rolling doubles. ‘COMPOUND EVENTS ‘The set of all possible outcomes is called the Sample space. The list you made above is the sample space of choices at the concession stand. The sample space for rolling a number cube and spinning the spinner are listed below. ‘ted, blue, ‘Breen, yellow)Outcomes Worksheet Then tell how many outcomes are possible. 7. apple, peach, or cherry pie with milk, juice, or tea total outcome pie x drink For Exercises 11-13, a coin is tossed, and a letter is chosen from the bag shown. 11, How many outcomes are possible? 12, Find P(heads, ). 13, What is the probability of tails and P, Z, or M? 8. nylon, leather, or mesh backpack in red, blue, gold, or black x > material x colar = totaloutcome eae ic ryFor Exercises 16-18, a coin is tossed, the spinner shown is spun, and a number cube is rolled. 16. How many outcomes are possible? 17. What is P(heads, purple, 5)? 18. Find P(tails, orange, less than 4). 25, MULTIPLE CHOICE The menu for Wedgewood Pizza is shown. How many different one-topping pizzas can a customer order? eed FErEp ityProbability of Independent Events Make a tree diagram to show the sample space for rolling a die and choosing a block from the bag. How many outcomes are possible? What is the probability of rolling a 5 on the die? What is the probability of getting a yellow block? Use the tree diagram to find the P (5 and yellow). What is the relationship between P(5), P(yellow), and P(5 & yellow)? Two or more events in which the outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of the other event are independent events, To find the probability of independent events, multiply the P (1° event) and the P (2 event). Ex: A number cube is rolled and the spinner is spun. Find the robability of rolling an even number and spinning a 4. Sarah placed 4 yellow chips and 8 pink chips into a bag. She selected 1 chip without looking, replaced it, and then selected a second chip. Find the probability that she first selected a yellow chip and then selected a pink chip.Independent Events Worksheet 3. Which One Doesn't Belong? Identify the situation that is not a pair of independent events. Explain your reasoning, ‘tossing two. choosing one ‘rolling two | spinning two 2) Se LSS Le ms A letter card is chosen, and a number cube is rolled. Find the probability of each event. 9. P(Aand 5) A\KI lol! 11, P( and less than 3) Me) fs) (t (sé 13. P(consonant and odd) 14. P(M or T and greater than 3) 31. MULTIPLE CHOICE A yellow and a blue number cube are rolled. Find the probability of rolling a 6 on the yellow number cube and a number less than 5 on the blue number cube. a 1 a 2 2s @z5 Ds D3 23, NATURE The table lists the items Scott and Tyrone collected while on a nature walk. : : Each person reaches into his bag and randomly selects an object. Find the probability that Scott chooses an acorn and Tyrone chooses a stone.Dependent Events If the outcome of one event affects the outcome of a second event, the events are called dependent events. za aa Probability of Two Dependent Events Words The probability of two dependent events is the probability of the first event times the probability that the second event ‘occurs after the first. Symbols P(A and B) = P(A) - P{B following A) Abag contains 5 red apples and 3 yellow apples. What is the probability of picking 2 red apples without the first being replaced? GRID IN A variety bag of popcorn contains 10 pieces of regular popcorn, 6 pieces of cheese popcorn, and 4 pieces of caramel popcorn. Katie pulls cout one piece of popcom and eats it. Then she pulls out a second piece and eats it. What is the probability that her first piece was caramel and her second piece was regular? Abag contains: 6 green, 8 white, and 2 blue counters. ‘Two counters are randomly drawn. Find each probability if the first counter is not replaced before the second counter is drawn. 42, PQ green) 43, P(blue, white)Dependent Events Worksheet 8. A cooler is filled with 12 colas and 9 diet colas. If Victor randomly chooses two without replacing the first, what is the probability that he will choose a cola and then a diet cola? CARDS For Exercises 12-14, use the information below. Astandard deck of playing cards contains 52 cards in four suits of 13 cards each. Iwo suits are red and two suits are black. Two cards are chosen from ‘the deck one after another. Find each probability. ‘12. P(2 hearts) 13. P(red, black) 14. P(Ace, King) SNACK BARS A box contains 2 oatmeal, 3 strawberry, and 6 cinnamon snack bars. Ruby reaches in the box and randomly takes two snack bars, one after the other. Find the probability that she will choose a cinnamon bar and then a strawberry bar. Two chips are selected from a box containing 6 blue chips, 4 red chips, and 3 green chips. The first chip selected is not replaced before the second is drawn. Find P(red, then green). Lazlo's sock drawer contains 8 blue and 5 black socks. If he randomly pulls out two socks, what is the probability that he picks two blue socks?Independent and Dependent Events ‘A compound event consists of two or more simple events. the outcome of one event does not afloct the outoome of a second event, the evens are called Independent events. The probably of two Independent events can be feund by multiplying the probability ofthe fist event by the probabil of the second event. the outcome of ane event afects the outcome ofa second event, the events are caled dependent events. LVI 4 cin is tossed and a number cube is rolled. Find the probability of tossing tails and rolling a 5. Pitails) = + Pails and 5) = So, the probability of tossing tails and rolling a6 is 5. (MARBLES A bag contains 7 blue, 8 green, and $ red marbles. If Agnes randomly draws two marbles from the bag, one after another, what is the probability of drawing a green and then a blue marble? Pigreen) = 19 mares, 9 are goon Poblue) = ‘2 aris fr 1 groan martes removed, 7 are ue gz 3.17 Pégreen, then blue) = = Be So, the probability that Agues will draw a green, then a blue marble is L_ AasTEteesee sr aasaaazaaissstsossolsneunetnnaaUAStISooSeDeS 11, Find the probability of rolling a 2 and then an even number on two consecutive rolls of a number cube. 2. A penny and « dime are tossed. What is the probability that the penny ands on heads and the dime lands on tails?Independent and Dependent Events 1, Four coins are tossed. What is the probability of tossing all heads? 2, One letter is randomly selected from the word PRIME and one letter is randomly selected from the word MATH. What is the probability that both letters selected are vowels? 8, A card is chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards. It is then replaced and a second card is chosen. What is the probability of getting a jack and then an eight? 8, Two cards are chosen at random from a standard deck of cards with replacement. What is the probability of getting 2 aces? 9. ACD rack has 8 classical CDs, 5 pop CDs, and 3 rock CDs. Two CDs are chosen without replacement. What is the probability of choosing a rock CD then a classical CD? 10. A jar holds 15 red pencils and 10 blue pencils. What is the probability of drawing two red pencils from the jar?