República Bolivariana de Venezuela.

Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educación.

Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica (UNEXPO)
Vicerrectorado Puerto Ordaz
Cátedra: Ingles I
Nombre: Jesús Palomo 30.110.177

Evaluación Tema 1 y 2.

READ THE TEXT CAREFULLY.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF ENGINEERING

In the old days, 1325 AD to be more precise, an engineer was defined
as "a constructor of military engines". Back then engineering was
divided into two categories: Military Engineering and Civil Engineering.
The former involved the construction of fortifications and military
engines, the latter concerned non-military projects, for example bridge
building. This definition is now obsolete, as engineering has
broadened to include a myriad of disciplines.

The exact origin of the word 'engineering' comes from the era when
humans applied themselves to skilful inventions. Man evolving further
in the world invented devices such as the pulley, the wheel and levers.
The word engineer has its root in the word engine, which comes from
the Latin word ingenium, which means "innate quality particularly of
mental power". And thus the word engineer emerged as a person who
creates nifty and practical inventions.
Today an engineer is described as someone who has acquired and is
applying his scientific and technical knowledge to designing, analyzing
and building useful, helpful and functional works. Engineering is a
broad discipline with many subdisciplines dedicated to various fields of
study with regards to particular types of technologies or products.
Engineers may begin their career being trained in a specific discipline,
but because of the engineering jobs they take-on, they often become
multi-disciplined having worked in a variety of different fields. 

The field of engineering has traditionally been divided into the

following engineering job categories:
-Aerospace Engineering,
-Chemical Engineering,
-Civil Engineering,
-Electrical Engineering and,
-Mechanical Engineering.

ONCE YOU HACE READ THE TEXT, DO THE FOLLOWING

ACTIVITIES:

I. SAY IN SPANISH, WHAT DO THESE WORDS REFER TO? (0.50 each one=
4 points)

a. THE FORMER (line 3): Se refiere al primer término que se esta explicando en el
texto, en este caso se usa para explicar lo que hacen los ingenieros militares.
b. THE LATTER (line 4): Se refiere al ultimo termino que se esta explicando, se
esta usando para explicar lo que hacen los ingenieros civiles después de que se
explicara lo anterior, que eran los ingenieros militares.
c. THIS DEFINITION (line 5): Significa “esta definición”,y se usa para decir algo
relacionado con lo mencionado anteriormente.
d. THEMSELVES (line 8):Se refiere a “por ellos mismos”, en el texto cuando
explican lo que hacen los humanos de la era moderna por sí solos.
e. ITS (line 10): Significa “su” y es un adjetivo posesivo que se usa para señalas lo
que cierto objeto puede poseer o tener.
f. WHICH (line 10): Se refiere algo que la definición anterior, que va a explicar
“cual” es su proveniencia o de donde proviene dicha palabra o definición.
g. WHO (line 12): Se refiere a “¿Quién es?” A una persona, objeto o animal.
h. THEIR (line 19): Adjetivo posesivo que significa que ciertas personas poseen
algo. Ejemplo: Los ingenieros pueden empezar sus carreras.

II. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO THE READING (IN

SPANISH) (2 each one = 4)

1. WHAT´S THE OLD DEFINITION OF ENGINEERING?

La vieja definición de ingeniería era sobre la construcción de maquinas

militares.

2. WHAT DOES THE WORD INGENIUM MEANS?

Significa la capacidad que tiene la mente o el cerebro de una persona para

crear, planificar y realizar un proyecto.

III. INFER THE MEANING OF THESE WORDS, ACCORDING TO THE

CONTEXT. (In Spanish): (0.5 each one = 3)
Designing: Diseñando o diseñar algo.
Various: Varios objetos o cosas, o proyectos.
Many: Algunos o algunas cosas, personas o pasos para realizar algo.
Emerged: Surgir o nacer una idea o plan para hacer algo.
Divided into: División o subdivisión
Era: Momento en el que algo predomina o está en moda o tendencia. Ej: Era
Tecnológica.

IV. VERBAL TENSES. Say, in Spanish, what the verbal times of these verbal
expressions are. (0.5 each= 5)
- Involved (line 3) Pasado
- Is (line 5) Presente
- has broadened (line 5) Pasado
 - comes from (line 8) Presente
- has (line 10) Presente
- is applying (line 15) Presente (Gerundio)
- is described (line 16) Pasado
- become (line 20) Presente
- take-on (line 20) Presente
- has traditionally been divided into (line 22) Pasado

V. PREPOSITIONS: Complete the blanks with the appropriate prepositions

according to the picture. Use the words from the box. (0.5 each= 4)

In front of Next to (2) Under Behind Far from (2) Near to At the left Over

a) The chair is in front of the window.

b) There is one speaker at the left of the screen.

c) The laptop is near to the screen.

d) The CPU is far from the laptop. 

e) The chair is next to the table.

f) The laptop is over the speakers.

g) The chair is far from the CPU.

h) The CPU is near to the keyboard.