Student Name: Saswat Panda UID:20BCS5266

Branch: CSE Section/Group - 2

Semester - 2nd

Aim of the Experiment –

To verify Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) and study its limitations.

Apparatus Required-
1. 1. Regulated variable DC supply
2. Digital Multimeter
3. Resistors
4. Connecting Wires

THEORY:
Kirchhoff’s laws are used to determine the current and voltage in different
branches of an electric circuit which may not be easily solved by Ohm’s law.
These laws are applicable to both AC and DC circuits..

Statement of the Kirchhoff’s Current Law:

It states that the algebraic sum of all the currents meeting at a junction or a
node in any electric circuit at any instant is zero.
Explanation:

Kirchhoff's Current Law. Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) is Kirchhoff's first law
that deals with the conservation of charge entering and leaving a junction. The
current law states that for a parallel path the total current entering a circuits
junction is exactly equal to the total current leaving the same junction

From the diagram we can such as:

i1+i2+i6 = i3i+i4+i5

LIMITATIONS:
1. Not applicable in stray currents environment and in high frequency
applications (even KCL is violated at 60 Hz frequency).
2. Not applicable to circuit having distributed elements.

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Switch off the supply first and then start making connections.
1. Meters of suitable range should be used.
Circuit Diagram:

Steps for experiment:

1.The Circuit is connected as shown in the diagram.
2.The voltage of DC supply was set at 12 V.
3. Different values of R1 to R6 were taken and readings of A1 to A6 were noted
down.
4. Accordingly, only one set of reading was taken at 12 V DC supply.

CALCULATIONS:
Applying KCL at junction B:
I1= I2 + I4 ----1
Applying KCL at junction C:
I2 = I36+ I5 ------2
and I36 = I6 ------3
Calculations are done for all the readings being taken using Equations (2) and
(3) to be applied at respective junctions.
OBSERVATIONS:

Slno Supply Voltage Ammeter1 Ammeter2 Ammeter3 Ammeter4

1. 9V 5.40mA 1.80mA 1.80mA 3.60mA
2. 15V 9mA 3mA 3mA 6mA
3. 20V 12mA 4mA 4mA 8mA
4. 25V 15mA 5mA 5mA 8mA

RESULT:
In this experiment we have verified kirchhoff's current law.
SOURCES OF ERROR:
1.Internal resistance of DC battery.
2.Internal resistance of multi-meter viz. voltmeter and ammeter.
3.Internal resistance of connecting wires.
4.Heating effect of rheostat coil (Joule’s law of electric heating)
5.All the sources of error related to multi-meter.

CONCLUSION:
In this experiment we can take different values by changing the
resistors and the voltage and verify the results.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 It will provide the modest experience that allows students to
develop and improve their experimental skills and develop ability
to analyzedata.
 Ability to demonstrate the practical skill on measurements and
instrumentation techniques of some Physics experiments. Students
will develop the ability to use appropriate physical concepts to
obtain quantitative solutions to problems inphysics.
 Students will demonstrate basic experimental skills by setting up
laboratory equipment safely and efficiently, plan and carry out
experimental procedures, and report verbally and in written
language the results of theexperiment.
 Students will develop skills by the practice of setting up and
conducting an experimentwithdueregardstominimizing
measurement error.

EVALUATION COLUMN (To be filled by concerned faculty only)

Sr. No. Parameters Maxim Marks

um Obtain
Marks ed
1. Worksheet completion including 10
writing learning
objectives/Outcomes. (To be
submitted at the end of the day)
2. Post Lab Quiz Result. 5

3. Student Engagement in Simulation/ 5

Demonstration/Performance and
Controls/Pre-Lab Questions.
4. Total Marks 20

5. Teacher’s Signature (with date)