328 Chapter 5 _ Integration 5.4 Exercises CONCEPT CHECK 1, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Explainhow to evaluate a definite integral using the Fundamental ‘Theorem of Calculus 2 Mean Value Theorem Describe the Mean Value ‘Theorem for Integrals in your own words, 3. Average Value of a Function Describe the average value of a function on an interval in your own worde, 4, Accumulat ro [roe n Function Why is ‘considered an accumulation function? AB Graphical Reasoning In Exercises $8, use a graphing utility to graph the integrand. Use the graph to determine whether the definite integral is positive, negative, or zero. « [she 6 [louse 1 [verte 8 [via Ran H] Evaluating a Definite integral in Exercises 9-34 evaluate the definite integral. Use a graphing uty to yriy your esl 9. | Qx- tae 10. [ (or- ma ufone a fave w feja w f (ida a, [ (88 = 2) de a [sa = ar ae 2, [ine m4, [2 cand ect * » an 27. 2s. | (2 ese?) de [orca au ferow a fucne (ord ‘nding the Area of a Region In Exercises ‘35-38, find the area of the given region, 33. [e+ sno) a0 +: 37. y = cose BR y= xt sing 4 Finding the Area of a Region In Exercises 39-44, find the area of the region bounded by the sraphs of the eg Moye x x yo TIGA Using the Mean Value Theorem for Integrals In Exercises 45-50, find the value(s) ‘of e guaranteed by the Mean Value Theorem for Integrals forthe function over the given interval. 46. f0) 48. flx) = 10-2, [0.3] 50. 0) =cosx, |-24|me si. 53, 5s, 57, 59, Finding the Average Value of a Function In Exercises $1-56, find the average value of the function over the given interval and all values of x in the interval for which the function equals its average vale so=4—e, 2.2) 82-4228 ny] sore EL skye k Bal fix) = sinx, [0,2] 56. f(x) = cosx, [0,1] Force The force F (in newton) ofa hydraulic elinder in «press is proportional to the squaze of sec s, where x is the dlistance (in meters) thatthe cylinder is extended in its cycle, ‘The domain of Fis [0,3], and F(0) = S00. (2) Find F as 2 function of x () Find the average force exerted by the press over the interval [0, 2/3]. Respiratory Cycle The volume ¥, in liters, of aie in the lungs during a five-second respiratory eycle is approximated by the model V-— 0.17291 + 0.15221 — 0.03740, where ris the time in seconds. Approximate the average volume of air in the lungs during one cycle Buffon’s Needle Experiment A horizontal plane is ruled with parallel ines 2 inches apast. A wo-inch needle is tossed randomly onto the plane. The probability that the ‘needle will touch a line is a2 [inode where isthe acute angle between the needle and any one of the parallel lines. Find this probability. HOW DO YOU SEE IT? The graph of fis shows in the figure. The shaded region A as an area of 15, and fa) de = 35. Use this ‘information to fill nthe blanks. @ [rme- } w [oa L © [ voja- Ns @ [/-2109)4~ © fe +soa= (0) The average value of f over the interval [0, 6] is 5.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 329 (G@]_ Evaluating a Definite Integral In Kxercises 61 and 62, find as a function of ¥ and evaluate it at and x = 8. 62. Fix) = fw +2 2dr Evaluating @ Definite Integral In Exercises 63 and 64, find F asa function of x and evaluate it atx = 0, = n/4, and x= n/2, 63. Fa) = [cous 4.109 [/ sneao 65, Analyzing Function Lat ea) = [0 at mh fis the function whose graph is shown in the figure, (@) Estimate (0), 62). (4), e(6), and g(8) (b) Find the largest open interval on which g is increasing Find the largest open interval on which g is decreasing (6) Identity any extrema of (@) Sketch a rough graph of, Figure for 65 Figure for 66 (a) Estimate g(0), g(2), (4), ¢(6), and g(8). () Find the largest open interval on which g is increasing Find the largest open interval on which g is decreasing (©) Identify any extrema of ¢ (@) Sketch a rough graph of ¢ 9 and Checking an Integral In EE Exercises 67-74, (a) integrate to find F asa function [Eee of and (b) demonstrate the Second Fundamental ‘Theorem of Calculus by differentiating the result in part (a). 67. FO) fovne 6. roy = [fae + Dat 69. w0)~ via ro. roy [rea 7. Fa) -f n. ro f sect dt sec rean tdi 13, toy = fet 1a ro) = [bar