ME103 LINEAR ALGEBRA

DR. ORHAN KEKLICIOGLU

References:
• Applications of Linear Algebra by Gordon C. Everstine
• Linear Algebra by David Cherney, Tom Denton, Rohit Thomas and Andrew Waldron
• Linear Algebra, A gentle introduction by Shivkumar Kalyanaraman
• Lecture Notes, Prof.Dr.Şaban EREN

ME 103 LINEAR ALGEBRA Dr. Orhan KEKLIKCIOGLU Lecture:8/No:1

 PART 6
VECTORS

ME 103 LINEAR ALGEBRA Dr. Orhan KEKLIKCIOGLU Lecture:8/No:2

3.ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS OF VECTORS
• Cross product of two vectors
Also, before getting into how to compute these we should point out a major difference between dot products and
cross products. The result of a dot product is a number and the result of a cross product is a vector

So, let’s start with the two vectors then the cross product is given by the formula,

ME 103 LINEAR ALGEBRA Dr. Orhan KEKLIKCIOGLU Lecture:6/No:3

3.ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS OF VECTORS
• Cross product of two vectors
With your right-hand, point your index finger along vector a, and point your middle finger along vector b: the cross
product goes in the direction of your thumb.

The magnitude (length) of the cross product equals the area of a parallelogram with vectors a and b for sides:

𝑎𝑥𝑏 = 𝑎 . 𝑏 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃

ME 103 LINEAR ALGEBRA Dr. Orhan KEKLIKCIOGLU Lecture:6/No:4

3.ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS OF VECTORS
• Cross product of two vectors

ME 103 LINEAR ALGEBRA Dr. Orhan KEKLIKCIOGLU Lecture:6/No:5

3.ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS OF VECTORS
• Cross product of two vectors
Ex1: Find the area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are determined by the following vectors

ME 103 LINEAR ALGEBRA Dr. Orhan KEKLIKCIOGLU Lecture:6/No:6

3.ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS OF VECTORS
• Cross product of two vectors
Ex2:

ME 103 LINEAR ALGEBRA Dr. Orhan KEKLIKCIOGLU Lecture:6/No:7

3.ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS OF VECTORS
• Cross product of two vectors
Ex3:

ME 103 LINEAR ALGEBRA Dr. Orhan KEKLIKCIOGLU Lecture:6/No:8

3.ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS OF VECTORS
• Dot and Cross product of two vectors
Ex1:Find the result of

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4.LINEAR COMBINATION OF VECTORS
If one vector is equal to the sum of scalar multiples of other vectors, it is said to be a linear combination of the other vectors.

For example, suppose a = 2b + 3c, as shown below.

Note that 2b is a scalar multiple and 3c is a scalar multiple. Thus, a is a linear combination of b and c.

ME 103 LINEAR ALGEBRA Dr. Orhan KEKLIKCIOGLU Lecture:6/No:10

4.LINEAR COMBINATION OF VECTORS
Ex1:Find the vector of a linearly combination of vectors of a1 and a2

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5.LINEAR DEPENDENCE/ INDEPENDENCE OF VECTORS
A set of vectors is linearly independent if no vector in the set is (a) a scalar multiple of another vector in the set or (b) a linear
combination of other vectors in the set; conversely, a set of vectors is linearly dependent if any vector in the set is (a) a scalar
multiple of another vector in the set or (b) a linear combination of other vectors in the set.

Consider the row vectors below.

• Vectors a and b are linearly independent, because neither vector is a scalar multiple of the other.
• Vectors a and d are linearly dependent, because d is a scalar multiple of a; i.e., d = 2a.
• Vector c is a linear combination of vectors a and b, because c = a + b. Therefore, the set of vectors a, b, and
c is linearly dependent.
• Vectors d, e, and f are linearly independent, since no vector in the set can be derived as a scalar multiple or
a linear combination of any other vectors in the set.

ME 103 LINEAR ALGEBRA Dr. Orhan KEKLIKCIOGLU Lecture:6/No:12

5.LINEAR DEPENDENCE OF VECTORS
A set of vectors is linearly independent if no vector in the set is (a) a scalar multiple of another vector in the set or (b) a linear
combination of other vectors in the set; conversely, a set of vectors is linearly dependent if any vector in the set is (a) a scalar
multiple of another vector in the set or (b) a linear combination of other vectors in the set.

Consider the row vectors below.

• Vectors a and b are linearly independent, because neither vector is a scalar multiple of the other.
• Vectors a and d are linearly dependent, because d is a scalar multiple of a; i.e., d = 2a.
• Vector c is a linear combination of vectors a and b, because c = a + b. Therefore, the set of vectors a, b, and
c is linearly dependent.
• Vectors d, e, and f are linearly independent, since no vector in the set can be derived as a scalar multiple or
a linear combination of any other vectors in the set.

ME 103 LINEAR ALGEBRA Dr. Orhan KEKLIKCIOGLU Lecture:6/No:13