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2Nd Year BS-MLT Course Contents
2Nd Year BS-MLT Course Contents
Pathology
2. Pharmacology
3. Microbiology-I(general micro + systemic bacteriology)
4. Behavioral sciences
5. Hematology-I (general hematology+ RBCs disorder)
6. Human genetics
2nd YEAR BS-MLT
Course contents
Microbiology-I
PART A
General Bacteriology:
● Bacterial Morphology
o Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
o Distinguishing features of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
o Function and structure of Flagella, Cell Wall, Plasma Membrane,
Mesosomes, Capsule, Slime Layer, Ribosomes, Cytoplasmic Granules,
Plasmids, nucleoid region
o Difference between cell wall of AFB, Gram Positive and Gram-Negative bacteria
o Protoplast and spheroplast & Spores
● Normal flora
o Concept of normal flora
o Normal flora of Skin
o Normal flora of respiratory tract
o Normal flora of intestinal tract
o Normal flora of genitourinary tract
● Antimicrobial resistance
o Mechanisms of development of Antimicrobial resistance
o Examples of bacterial resistance mechanisms
o Causes of Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries
● Staining techniques
o Gram Staining
o ZN staining for AFB
o Hiss Stain for capsule
o India Ink for capsule
o Albert staining for cornybacterium
Systematic Bacteriology
● MYCOBACTERIA
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
Cheesbrough
To introduce the students about the basic concepts in Hematology and acquire skill
in practical work to produce students steeped in knowledge of Hematology.
To equip students with latest advancements in the field of hematology.
Course Outline
1. Introduction to hematology
2. Hematopoiesis
3. Physiology and composition of blood
4. Structure and function of bone marrow,
5. Blood formation in the body (Intra-uterine and extra-uterine)
6. Factors governing hematopoiesis (growth factors and other factors)
7. Erythropoiesis, different stages and factor effecting on erythropoiesis
8. Granulopoiesis, different stages and factor effecting on Granulopoiesis
9. Megakariopoiesis, different stages and factor effecting on Megakariopoiesis
10. Hemoglobin structure, synthesis and function
11. Complete blood count and its importance
12. Morphology of red blood cells and white blood cells
13. Introduction to anemia, classification of anemia
14. Laboratory features and types of Hemolysis
15. Nonmalignant WBC disorders (leukocytosis, leukopenia, neutrophilia, neutropenia,
eosinophilia, monocytosis, lymphocytosis, and basophilia.
16. Introduction to leukemia, etiology, pathogenesis and classification
Practicals
1. Collection of blood sample
2. Preparation and staining of peripheral blood smear
3. Total leucocyte count,
4. Platelet count
5. Interpretation of Blood CP
6. Differential leucocyte count
7. Reticulocytes count
8. ESR
9. Bleeding time, Clotting time
10. Prothrombin time, Activated partial thromboplastin time
11. CSF Examination
12. Fluid Examination
Course Objectives
● To introduce the students about the basic concepts in Hematology and acquire
skill in practical work to produce a team of Medical Technologists steeped in knowledge
of Pathology.
To train Medical Technologists with latest advancements in the field of hematology.
Course Outline
1. Introduction to anemia, Etiological & Morphological classification of Anemias
2. Causes of Microcytic hypochromic Blood picture,
3. Iron metabolism, iron deficiency anemia, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of iron
deficiency anemia
4. Sideroblastic anemia, Anemia of Chronic disease
5. Macrocytic anemia, Folate and vitamin B12 metabolism, Clinical presentation and lab
diagnosis of Megaloblastic anemia
6. Introduction to aplastic anemia, etiology and diagnosis,
7. Thalassemia, classification, pathophysiology and diagnosis and differential diagnosis of
thalassemia,
8. Hemoglobinopathies, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, complications and lab
diagnosis of sickle cell anemia
9. Immune hemolytic anemia, types, clinical presentation and diagnosis
Practicals
1. Staining, preparation and procedure of staining
2. Automated cells counts
3. Hb Electrophoresis, procedure and importance
4. Coomb’s test
’
5. Ham s test, procedure and importance
6. Urine for Hemosiderinuria
7. Iron stain, procedure and importance
8. Osmotic Fragility y test, procedure and importance
9. G6PD assay, procedure and importance
Course contents
Human Genetics
2. RNA extraction
4. Introduction to PCR.
TEACHING/LEARNING METHODS
Teaching and learning sessions will be in the form of:
1. Lectures / large group interactive sessions (LGIS)
2. Tests/tutorials
3. Practicals
4. Self-directed learning (SDL)
1. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
COURSE CONTENTS
● Introduction to pharmacology
● Route of drug administration
● Pharmacokinetics
● Transport of drugs across the cell membranes
● Absorption of drugs
● Bioavailability
● Drug distribution
● Biotransformation
● Plasma half-life & kinetics
● Drug excretion & clearance
● Pharmacodynamics
● Introduction to pharmacodynamics& drug receptor interactions
● Dose response curve
● Drug agonism & antagonism
● Receptor transduction mechanisms
● Tolerance, tachyphylaxis & receptor regulation
● Pharmacogenetics
● Drug interactions
● Adverse drug reactions
● Drug development
(course includes definitions and brief discussion of the topics)
SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY
2. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
(Classification, mechanism of action, therapeutic & adverse effects of the drugs)
● Introduction to ANS
● Para sympathomimetic & Para sympatholytic drugs
● Organophosphate poisoning
● Sympathomimetic & Sympatholytic drugs
3. CHEMOTHERAPY
● Introduction to chemotherapy and principles of chemotherapy
● Mechanism of resistance
● Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
o Penicillins
o Cephlosporins
o Other Cell wall inhibitors
● Protein synthesis inhibitors
o Tetracycline
o Macrolides
o Chloramphenicol
o Aminoglycosides
● Folate synthesis inhibitors
o Sulfonamides,
o Trimethoprim
o pyrimethamine
● DNA synthesis & function inhibitors
o Quinolones
o metronidazole
● Anti-Mycobacterial Drugs
4. DRUDS ACTING ON CVS
(classification, mechanism of action, therapeutic effects& adverse effects of the groups of drugs)
● Antihypertensive drugs
● Ischemic heart disease
5. DRUGS ACTING ON ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
(classification, mechanism of action, therapeutic & adverse effects of the groups)
● Anti-Diabetic Drugs
● corticosteroids
● Drugs acting on thyroid gland
6. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
● Introduction to CNS
● Antidepressants
● General anesthetics
7. MISCELLENIOUS
● Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).
PATHOLOGY - I
Course contents:
BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
Course contents:
INTRODUCTION TO BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES & ITS IMPORTANCE
1) Understanding Behaviour
● Sensation and sense organs
● Perception
● Attention and concentration
● Memory
● Thinking
● Communication
2) Individual Differences
● Personality
● Intelligence
● Emotions
● Motivation
3) Learning
4) Stress & Stressors
5) Life Events
6) Stress Management
7) Interviewing
8) Allied Health ethics-hippocrate oath
9) Culture & Allied health
10) Psychological Reactions
11) Breaking Bad news
12) Pain, Sleep, Consciousness