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Chapter five

Integration

5-1- Indefinite integrals :


The set of all anti derivatives of a function is called indefinite
integral of the function.
Assume u and v denote differentiable functions of x, and a,
n, and c are constants, then the integration formulas are:-

1) du u(x) c

2) a u( x )dx a u( x )dx

3) u( x ) v ( x ) dx u( x ) dx v ( x ) dx

n un 1 1
4) u du c when n 1 & u 1 du du ln u c
n 1 u
au
5) a u du c e u du eu c
ln a

EX-1 – Evaluate the following integrals:

x 3
1) 3x 2 dx 6) dx
x2 6x
1 x 2
2) x dx 7) dx
x2 x2
2 ex
3) x x 1 dx 8) dx
1 3e x
1 2 4
4) 2t t dt 9) 3x 3 e - 2x dx

5) (z 2 z 2
)2 4 dz 10) 2 - 4x dx

Sol. –
2 2 x3
1) 3x dx 3 x dx 3 c x3 c
3
1
x x2 1 x2
2 ) x -2 x dx x 2
dx x dx c c
1 2 x 2
3
2 1 1 1 ( x2 1) 2 1
3) x x 1 dx 2 x( x 2 2
1 ) dx c ( x2 1 )3 c
2 2 3 3
2
3
1 2 t t 1 4 3 1
4) 2t t dt 4t 2 4 2
t dt 4 4t c t 4t c
3 1 3 t
5) (z 2 z 2
)2 4 dz z4 2 z 4
4 dz z4 2 z 4
dz
z3 z 1
1 3 1
(z 2 z 2
) 2 dz ( z2 z 2
) dz c z c
3 1 3 z
x 3 1 1
6) dx ( 2x 6 ) ( x2 6x ) 2
dx
x 2
6x 2
1
1 ( x2 6 x ) 2
c x2 6x c
2 1
2
x 2 x 2 1 2 2x 1 2
7) dx dx x 2 x dx ln x c ln x c
x2 x2 x2 1 x
ex 1 1
8) x
dx 3e x ( 1 3e x ) 1 dx ln( 1 3e x ) c
1 3e 3 3
4 3 4 3 4
9 ) 3x 3 e 2 x dx 8 x 3 e 2 x dx e 2x c
8 8
1 1 - 4x 1
10 ) 2 - 4x dx 2 - 4x ( 4 dx ) 2 c
4 4 ln 2

5-2- Integrals of trigonometric functions :


The integration formulas for the trigonometric functions are:

6) sin u du cos u c 7 ) cos u du sin u c


8) tan u du ln cos u c 9 ) cot u du ln sin u c
10 ) sec u du ln sec u tan u c 11 ) csc u du ln csc u cot u c
12 ) sec 2 u du tan u c 13 ) csc 2 u du cot u c
14 ) sec u tan u du sec u c 15 ) csc u cot u du csc u c
EX-2- Evaluate the following integrals:

d
1 ) cos( 3 1 )d 6)
cos 2
2) x sin(2x 2 ) dx 7) 1 - sin 2 3t cos3t dt
3 ) cos 2 ( 2 y ) sin( 2 y ) dy 8) tan 3 (5x) sec 2 (5x) dx

4) sec 3 x tan x dx 9) sin 4 x cos 3 x dx


cot 2 x
5) 2 sin3t cos 3t dt 10) dx
x

Sol.-

1 1
1) 3 cos( 3 1 )d sin( 3 1) c
3 3
1 1
2) 4 x sin( 2 x 2 )dx cos( 2 x 2 ) c
4 4
3
1 2 1 cos 2 y 1 3
3) - cos 2 y 2 sin 2 y dy c cos 2 y c
2 2 3 6
3
sec x
4 ) sec 2 x sec x tan x dx c
3
3
1 1 1 2 sin 3 t 2 2 3
5) 2 sin 3 t 2 3 cos 3 t dt c 2 sin 3 t c
3 3 3 9
2
d
6) sec 2 d tan c
cos 2
1 1 2
7) 1 sin 2 3 t cos 3 t dt 3 cos 3 t dt sin3t 3cos3t dt
3 3
1 1 sin 3 3 t 1 1
sin 3 t c sin 3 t sin 3 3 t c
3 3 3 3 9
4
1 1 tan 5 x 1
8) tan 3 5 x 5 sec 2 5 x dx c tan 4 5 x c
5 5 4 20
9 ) sin 4 x cos 3 x dx sin 4 x 1 sin 2 x cos x dx

4 6 sin 5 x sin 7 x
sin x cos x dx sin x cos x dx c
5 7
cot 2 x csc 2 x 1 csc 2 x 1
2
10 ) dx dx 2 x dx
x x 2 x
1
2
x
2 - cot x c 2 cot x 2 x c
1
2

5-3- Integrals of inverse trigonometric functions:


The integration formulas for the inverse trigonometric
functions are:
du u u
16 ) sin 1 c cos 1 c ; u2 a 2
a 2
u 2 a a
du 1 1 u 1 1 u
17 ) tan c cot c
a 2 u2 a a a a
du 1 u 1 u
18 ) sec 1 c csc 1 c ; u2 a 2
u u2 a 2 a a a a

EX-3 Evaluate the following integrals:

x2 2dx
1) dx 6)
1 x6 x(1 x )
dx dx
2) 7)
9 x 2 1 3x 2
x 2cosx
3) dx 8) dx
1 x4 1 sin 2 x
-1
sec 2 x e sin x
4) dx 9)
1 tan 2 x 1 x2
dx tan 1 x
5) 10) dx
x 4x2 1 1 x2

Sol.-

1 1 1
1) 3 x 2 dx sin 1
x3 c
3 1 ( x 3 )2 3
dx 1 x
2) sin c
9 x2 3
1 2x 1 1
3) dx tan x2 c
2 1 ( x 2 )2 2
sec 2 x
4) dx sin 1 (tan x ) c
1 tan 2 x
2 dx
5) sec 1 ( 2 x ) c
2 x ( 2 x )2 1
1
2 2 x dx 1
6) dx 4 4 tan x c
x 1 x 1 ( x )2
1 3 dx 1
7) 2
tan 1 ( 3 x ) c
3 1 ( 3x ) 3
cosx dx
8) 2 2
2 tan 1 (sin x ) c
1 (sin x )
1 dx 1
9 ) e sin x e sin x c
1 x2
1 dx (tan 1 x ) 2
10 ) tan x c
1 x2 2

5-4- Integrals of hyperbolic functions:


The integration formulas for the hyperbolic functions are:

19 ) sinh u du cosh u c
20 ) cosh u du sinh u c
21 ) tanh u du ln cosh u c
22 ) coth u du ln sinh u c
23 ) sec h 2 u du tanh u c

24 ) csc h 2 u du coth u c
25 ) sec hu tanh u du sec hu c
26 ) csc hu coth u du csc hu c

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