Chapter 43.

Ethics & Values

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The adult daughter of an older client with an inoperable brain tumor asks the nurse to tell her
what is wrong with the client even though the client has specifically said that no one is to
know the diagnosis. What should the nurse say to the adult daughter?
1) The client has an inoperable brain tumor, but does not wish anyone to know.
2) The daughter needs to speak to the physician in charge of the client’s care.
3) The client has requested that the case not be discussed with anyone, not even
family.
4) The client is very sick with a serious case of pneumonia that could lead to death.
ANS: 3
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Differentiate between morals, ethics, bioethics, and nursing ethics.
Chapter page reference: p. 1649
Heading: Be a Client Advocate
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 The nurse should not violate the patient’s wishes.
2 Telling the daughter to speak to the physician would place the physician in the
same position as the nurse.
3 The nurse’s first allegiance is to the patient and her desire for confidentiality.
4 Saying that the patient has pneumonia would be a lie.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

2. Which term refers to the ethical questions that arise out of nursing practice?
1) Nursing ethics
2) Bioethics
3) Ethical dilemma
4) Moral distress
ANS: 1
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Differentiate between morals, ethics, bioethics, and nursing ethics.
Chapter page reference: p. 1631
Heading: What Is Nursing Ethics?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
 1 Nursing ethics refers to ethical questions that arise out of nursing practice.
2 Bioethics is a broader field that refers to the application of ethics to healthcare.
3 An ethical dilemma occurs when a choice must be made between two equally
undesirable actions, and there is no clearly right or wrong option.
4 Moral distress occurs when someone is unable to carry out his or her moral
decision.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

3. Which term is defined as a belief about the worth of something that serves as a principle or a
standard that influences decision making?
1) Morals
2) Attitudes
3) Beliefs
4) Values
ANS: 4
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Differentiate between morals, ethics, bioethics, and nursing ethics.
Chapter page reference: p. 1637
Heading: Values, Attitudes, and Beliefs
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Morals are private, personal, or group standards of right and wrong.
2 Attitudes are mental dispositions or feelings toward a person, object, or idea.
3 A belief is something that one accepts as true.
4 A value is a belief you have about the worth of something that serves as a
principle or a standard that influences decision making.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

4. A conscious and competent client who is ventilator dependent wants to be removed from the
ventilator even though the nurse believes the client is committing suicide. What is the nurse
demonstrating when standing at the bedside holding the client’s hand?
1) Value set
2) Value system
3) Value neutrality
4) Value awareness
ANS: 3
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Differentiate personal values and morality from professional
values.
Chapter page reference: p. 1638
Heading: What Is Value Neutrality?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
 Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 A value set is a set of values.
2 A value system is a value set with the values ranked on a continuum from most
important to least important.
3 In value neutrality, personal values are set aside in order to provide
nonjudgmental care to clients.
4 Value awareness is not a term used when discussing values.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

5. After the ventilator is discontinued from a client with a cervical injury, the nurse stays with
the client to provide support. Which moral principle is the nurse demonstrating?
1) Nonmaleficence
2) Autonomy
3) Beneficence
4) Fidelity
ANS: 2
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Describe five major ethical principles that are used in reasoning
about healthcare.
Chapter page reference: p. 1641
Heading: Autonomy
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Nonmaleficence is the twofold principle of doing no harm and preventing harm.
2 Autonomy refers to a person’s right to choose and his ability to act on that
choice. In this case, the nurse respects the patient’s right to choose to die.
3 Beneficence is the duty to do or promote good.
4 Fidelity is the obligation to keep promises.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

6. Which consequentialist theory takes the position that the value of an action is determined by
its usefulness?
1) Ethics of care
2) Utilitarianism
3) Deontology
4) Categorical imperative
ANS: 2
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
 Chapter learning objective: Compare and contrast four ethical frameworks: consequentialism
(e.g., utilitarianism), deontology, an ethics of care, and feminist ethics.
Chapter page reference: p. 1639
Heading: Ethical Frameworks
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 An ethics of care is a nursing philosophy that directs attention to the specific
situations of individual patients viewed within the context of their life narrative.
2 Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory that takes the position that the value
of an action is determined by its usefulness.
3 Deontology considers an action to be right or wrong independent of its
consequences.
4 A categorical imperative is a principle, established by Immanuel Kant, that
states that one should act only if the action is based on a principle that is
universal.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

7. Which term describes the ability of nurses to base their practice on professional standards of
ethical conduct and to participate in ethical decision making?
1) Ethical agency
2) Attitudes
3) Belief
4) Value neutrality
ANS: 1
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Discuss what is meant by ethical agency.
Chapter page reference: p. 1632
Heading: What Is Ethical Agency?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Ethical agency is the ability of nurses to base their practice on professional
standards of ethical conduct and to participate in ethical decision making.
2 Attitudes are mental dispositions or feelings toward a person, object, or idea.
3 A belief is something that one accepts as true.
4 Value neutrality is placing personal values aside to become nonjudgmental when
providing care to clients.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

8. Which is the third step in the MORAL decision-making model?
1) Reassess the dilemma.
2) Resolve the dilemma.
3) Review the problem.
4) Recall the history of the problem.
ANS: 2
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Apply the steps identified in the MORAL model to make ethical
decisions.
Chapter page reference: p. 1647
Heading: How Do I Work Through an Ethical Problem?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 MORAL is an acronym for the following steps: M, Massage the dilemma; O,
Outline the options; R, Resolve the dilemma; A, Act by applying the chosen
option; L, Look back and evaluate.
2 MORAL is an acronym for the following steps: M, Massage the dilemma; O,
Outline the options; R, Resolve the dilemma; A, Act by applying the chosen
option; L, Look back and evaluate.
3 MORAL is an acronym for the following steps: M, Massage the dilemma; O,
Outline the options; R, Resolve the dilemma; A, Act by applying the chosen
option; L, Look back and evaluate.
4 MORAL is an acronym for the following steps: M, Massage the dilemma; O,
Outline the options; R, Resolve the dilemma; A, Act by applying the chosen
option; L, Look back and evaluate.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

9. A client asks the nurse to explain laboratory results; however, the nurse needs to assist another
client first. A short while later, the nurse returns to discuss the laboratory results. Which more
principle did the nurse demonstrate?
1) Nonmaleficence
2) Autonomy
3) Beneficence
4) Fidelity
ANS: 4
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Describe five major ethical principles that are used in reasoning
about healthcare.
Chapter page reference: p. 1642
Heading: Fidelity
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
 Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Nonmaleficence is the twofold principle of doing no harm and preventing harm.
2 Autonomy refers to a person’s right to choose and his ability to act on that
choice.
3 Beneficence is the duty to do or promote good.
4 Fidelity is the obligation to keep promises.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

10. The ethics committee is consulted because an older client asked for a do not resuscitate order;
however, the family does not agree. Which model will the ethics committee most likely use in
this patient’s case?
1) Social justice
2) Patient benefit
3) Autonomy
4) DNAR determination
ANS: 3
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Explain how developmental stages, values, ethical frameworks,
professional guidelines, and ethical principles affect moral decisions.
Chapter page reference: p. 1649
Heading: What Are My Obligations in Ethical Situations?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 The social justice model focuses more on broad social issues involving the
entire institution rather than on a single patient issue.
2 The patient benefit model assists in decision making for the incompetent patient
by using substituted judgment.
3 The autonomy model is useful when the patient is competent to decide. This
model emphasizes patient autonomy and choice as the highest values.
4 There is no DNAR determination model.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

11. A patient with a treatable form of breast cancer has decided not to pursue radiation or
chemotherapy; however, the nurse coerces the patient into accepting the treatment by
reminding her about her responsibilities with her children. What type of behavior has the
nurse displayed?
1) Nonmaleficence
2) Autonomy
3) Paternalism
4) Beneficence
 ANS: 3
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Identify the ethical issues and moral principles involved in a given
ethical situation.
Chapter page reference: p. 1642
Heading: Beneficence
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Nonmaleficence is the twofold principle of doing no harm and preventing harm.
2 Autonomy refers to a person’s right to choose and his ability to act on that
choice.
3 Paternalistic behavior occurs when the nurse thinks she knows what is best for a
competent patient and coerces the patient to act as she wishes rather than to act
as the patient originally desired.
4 Beneficence is the duty to do or promote good.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

12. Which is true about a nursing code of ethics?

1) Legally binding
2) Not legally binding
3) Legally binding in some circumstances
4) Not admissible in court
ANS: 2
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Explain how developmental stages, values, ethical frameworks,
professional guidelines, and ethical principles affect moral decisions.
Chapter page reference: p. 1643
Heading: Professional Guidelines
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Nursing codes are not legally binding.
2 Nursing codes are not legally binding.
3 Nursing codes are not legally binding.
4 Codes of ethics are open to public scrutiny. The ethical aspects of nursing work,
just like the technical aspects, are subject to review by professional groups and
licensure boards, which may use sanctions to punish code violations.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

13. The family of an alert, oriented, and competent client does not agree with the client’s decision
to have a do not resuscitate order and asks the healthcare team to ignore the decision. The
nurse asks the hospital chaplain to come and help the family and the team understand each
other’s opposing views. Which step of the MORAL model does this illustrate?
1) M—Massage the dilemma
2) O—Outline the options
3) R—Resolve the dilemma
4) L—Look back and evaluate
ANS: 2
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Apply the steps identified in the MORAL model to make ethical
decisions.
Chapter page reference: p. 1647
Heading: How Do I Work Through an Ethical Problem?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 In Massaging the dilemma, the team would already have identified and defined
the issues in the dilemma, and considered the values and options of all the major
players.
2 At the Outlining the options step, someone should delineate all of the options to
all parties, including those that are less realistic and conflicting. In that step,
someone often asks a member of the ethics committee or the hospital chaplain to
help the parties understand the opposing viewpoints.
3 Resolving the dilemma is the step in which all the options are reviewed and
basic moral principles and frameworks are applied to arrive at a decision.
4 Looking back to evaluate is done after a decision has been made and acted on.
At that time, the entire process, including the consequences, is evaluated to
determine how well it worked.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

14. The family of an alert, oriented, and competent client does not agree with the client’s decision
to have a do not resuscitate order and asks the healthcare team to ignore the decision. The
healthcare team follows the client’s wishes and the family takes the matter to court. The court
sides with the family and the order has to be removed. What occurred in this situation?
1) An integrity-producing (good) compromise
2) An ethically sound compromise
3) Settlement of an issue by force
4) An effort to keep peace on the unit
ANS: 3
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Describe a systematic approach to resolving ethical dilemmas.
Chapter page reference: p. 1649
Heading: How Do I Work Through an Ethical Problem?
 Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Difficult
Feedback
1 It is not a compromise—of any sort—because neither party backed away from
its original position, and the action that was taken was not agreed on by both
parties.
2 It is not a compromise—of any sort—because neither party backed away from
its original position, and the action that was taken was not agreed on by both
parties.
3 This is clearly an example of settling an issue by force, bringing in a more
powerful entity (the court) to force the healthcare team to do what the family
wants.
4 This was not an effort to keep peace. The family’s effort was to settle the
disagreement in their favor. If the healthcare team’s goal had been to keep peace
on the unit, they would have acceded to the family’s wishes without the need for
court order.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

15. The mother of a school-age child is distressed because the child does not seem to “value”
anything. What should the nurse recommend to this mother?
1) Consider moralizing.
2) Implement punishment.
3) Model the desired behavior.
4) Use a laissez-faire approach.
ANS: 3
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Explain how developmental stages, values, ethical frameworks,
professional guidelines, and ethical principles affect moral decisions.
Chapter page reference: p. 1639
Heading: Table 43-2 Modes of Value Transmission
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Moralizing used by parents, teachers, church leaders, and other authority figures
may make it difficult for young people to make independent choices because
they have no experience selecting values that are good for them.
2 Physical punishment may teach that violence is an acceptable behavior.
3 Modeling can lead to socially acceptable behaviors.
4 A laissez-faire approach may lead to conflict and confusion on the part of the
child.
 PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

16. The nurse plans to use utilitarianism to address an ethical problem. What analysis will the
nurse need to complete when using this framework?
1) Cost
2) SWOT
3) Root cause
4) Risk-benefit
ANS: 4
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Compare and contrast four ethical frameworks: consequentialism
(e.g., utilitarianism), deontology, an ethics of care, and feminist ethics.
Chapter page reference: p. 1639
Heading: Ethical Frameworks
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 A cost analysis is not used when using this ethical framework.
2 A SWOT analysis is not used when using this ethical framework.
3 A root causes analysis is not used when using this ethical framework.
4 Using utilitarianism to address an ethical problem requires the nurse to engage
in a risk-benefit analysis. Every alternative action should be evaluated for
potential outcomes. Then the action that results in the most benefits for the
greatest number of people is selected.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

17. The nurse considers using a deontological theory for an ethical issue. What should the nurse
have in anticipation of using this theory?
1) Rules
2) Beliefs
3) Values
4) Expenses
ANS: 1
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Compare and contrast four ethical frameworks: consequentialism
(e.g., utilitarianism), deontology, an ethics of care, and feminist ethics.
Chapter page reference: p. 1639
Heading: Ethical Frameworks
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
 1 Deontology uses rules, principles, and standards to determine whether an action
is right or wrong.
2 Deontology does not use beliefs to determine whether an action is right or
wrong.
3 Deontology does not use values to determine whether an action is right or
wrong.
4 Deontology does not use expenses to determine whether an action is right or
wrong.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

18. The staff development trainer considers using a feminist theory to explain the resolution of an
ethical dilemma. What will the trainer use when implementing this theory?
1) Rules
2) Principles
3) Relationships
4) Risk-benefit analysis
ANS: 3
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Compare and contrast four ethical frameworks: consequentialism
(e.g., utilitarianism), deontology, an ethics of care, and feminist ethics.
Chapter page reference: p. 1640
Heading: Ethical Frameworks
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Deontology uses rules.
2 Deontology uses principles.
3 Feminist ethical reasoning uses relationships and stories rather than universal
principles.
4 Utilitarianism uses a risk-benefit analysis.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

19. The nurse prepares information for a newly admitted client. What should the nurse review to
ensure that the client’s rights are protected?
1) HIPAA laws
2) Policy manual
3) Advance directives
4) Patient Care Partnership
ANS: 4
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Discuss the role of the nurse as client advocate in ethical
situations.
Chapter page reference: p. 1644
 Heading: The Patient Care Partnership
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 HIPAA laws do not specifically focus on ethical rights.
2 The policy manual will not be used for this purpose.
3 Advance directives may be needed to address an ethical issue; however, they are
not used specifically for client rights.
4 The American Hospital Association published the Patient Care Partnership.
Instead of using “rights” language, this document is written in terms of patient
expectations and responsibilities. The Patient Care Partnership encourages
healthcare providers to be more aware of the need to treat patients in an ethical
manner and to protect their rights.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

20. The nurse attends an ethics committee to discuss an issue with a client. What should the nurse
keep in mind when advocating for the client?
1) Expect confrontation.
2) Prepare for a power struggle.
3) State personal feelings clearly.
4) Support the client’s autonomy.
ANS: 4
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Discuss the role of the nurse as client advocate in ethical
situations.
Chapter page reference: p. 1653
Heading: Clinical Insight 43-2 Guidelines for Advocacy
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 When possible, avoid confrontation.
2 Power struggles should be avoided.
3 Personal feelings should be kept out of the conversation about the situation.
4 Keep the ethical principle of patient autonomy always in mind.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

21. Which is an example of whistleblowing? Select all that apply.

1) Reporting fraudulent billing practices
 2) Reporting patient’s health status against the patient’s wishes
3) Reporting unsafe work practices
4) Reporting a coworker for working under the influence of drugs
5) Reporting a hospital to The Joint Commission for substandard care
ANS: 1, 3, 4
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Identify at least four factors that contribute to the frequency of
nurses’ moral problems.
Chapter page reference: p. 1632
Heading: Whistleblowing
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1. Fraudulent billing practices are illegal and unethical.
2. Reporting a patient’s health status against the patient’s wishes is a breach of
patient confidentiality.
3. Unsafe work practices are unethical and illegal.
4. A coworker under the influence of drugs is a risk to patients and is acting in an
illegal and unethical manner.
5. Reporting substandard care is a risk to patients.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

22. What is the nurse’s obligation in ethical decision making? Select all that apply.
1) Be a patient advocate.
2) Involve institutional ethics committees.
3) Improve one’s own ethical decision making.
4) Respect patient confidentiality.
5) Avoid whistleblowers.
ANS: 1, 2, 3, 4
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Describe the nurse’s obligations in ethical decisions.
Chapter page reference: p. 1649
Heading: What Are My Obligations in Ethical Situations?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1. The nurse’s obligations in ethical decisions include being a patient advocate.
2. The nurse’s obligations in ethical decisions include using and participating in
institutional ethics committees.
 3. The nurse’s obligations in ethical decisions include improving personal ethical
decision making.
4. The nurse’s obligations in ethical decisions include respecting patient
confidentiality.
5. Avoidance of whistleblowers is not an obligation of the nurse with ethical
decision making.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

23. The nurse is experiencing moral distress over an ethical issue with a client. What should the
nurse do to help reduce this distress? Select all that apply.
1) Consider terminating employment.
2) Seek spiritual guidance and support.
3) Make a commitment to care for self.
4) Analyze personal values that are threatened.
5) View the situation from the other perspective.
ANS: 2, 3, 4, 5
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Differentiate personal values and morality from professional
values.
Chapter page reference: p. 1633
Heading: Example Problem: Moral Distress
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1. An action for the nurse to take to help with personal moral distress does not
include terminating employment.
2. An action for the nurse to take to help with personal moral distress includes
seeking spiritual guidance and support
3. An action for the nurse to take to help with personal moral distress includes
making a commitment to care for self.
4. An action for the nurse to take to help with personal moral distress includes
analyzing personal values that are threatened.
5. An action for the nurse to take to help with personal moral distress includes
viewing the situation from the other perspective.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

24. The nurse manager notes an increase in ethical issues related to societal factors. What has the
manager identified as causing these issues? Select all that apply.
1) Cost containment
2) Moral developmental stage
3) Technological advances
4) Multicultural population
 5) Increased consumer awareness
ANS: 1, 3, 4, 5
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Differentiate personal values and morality from professional
values.
Chapter page reference: p. 1634
Heading: What Are Some Sources of Ethical Problems for Nurses?
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1. The emphasis on reducing healthcare costs creates many ethically questionable
situations.
2. A person’s stage of moral development affects the way he reasons about moral
issues; however, this is not a societal factor.
3. New technology creates new ethical issues.
4. Because we live in a multicultural society, the nurse cannot assume that the
clients share the same beliefs and morals as the nurse.
5. Historically, sick people sought the advice of a physician without question.
Now, the Internet has increased consumer awareness and the availability of
information. People are more actively involved in healthcare decisions.
Providers are now expected to share knowledge with clients, defend treatment
choices different from those found on the Internet, and obtain truly informed
consent for treatments.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics

25. The nurse is preparing an educational session that focuses on the difference between
professional and personal values. What should the nurse use as an example of a professional
value? Select all that apply.
1) Service
2) Loyalty
3) Altruism
4) Beneficence
5) Human dignity
ANS: 1, 2, 3, 5
Chapter number and title: 43, Ethics & Values
Chapter learning objective: Differentiate personal values and morality from professional
values.
Chapter page reference: p. 1638
Heading: Table 43-1 American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) and Other
Professional Nursing Values and Behaviors
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
Cognitive level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Ethics
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1. Service or commitment to work useful to others is a professional value.
2. Loyalty or a feeling of duty or attachment to other nurses is a professional
value.
3. Altruism is reflected by the nurse’s concern for the welfare of patients, other
nurses, and other healthcare providers and includes patient advocacy.
4. Beneficence is an ethical principle.
5. Human dignity is respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals
and populations.

PTS: 1 CON: Ethics