The members were from the

middle class families

representing the group of
Filipino Intelegencia.
The Propagandists
 were patriots who waged their
movement by means of pen and
tongue to expose the defects of
Spanish rule in the Philippines
and the urgency of reforms to
remedy them.
 They were scions of good
families, highly intelligent, educated,
patriotic, and courageous, who
symbolized the flower of Filipino
manhood.
Foreign Friends of the
Propaganda Movement

Foreigners who were lovers of

freedom and justice.
supported the Filipinos’
campaign for reforms

3
 Foreign Friends of Who’s who?
the PM
 Austrian professor, scholar
 Dr.Rizal’s bestfriend
 Praised Noli and Fili and
wrote a “Prologue” to Rizal’s
annotated edition of Morga’s
Ferdinand Blumentritt Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
(Pris, 1890)

 One of the liberal Spaniards

Don Juan Atayde who aided Filipino propagandist
 Foreign Friends of Who’s who?
the PM

Founded the Circulo Hispano-

Filipino in September 1882 (a civic
association of Spaniards and Filipinos
… in Madrid)
 Published the newspaper
Revisa del Circulo Hispano-
Filipino

 Statesman, historian and

journalist
Miguel Morayta  Rizal’s professor at the
Central University of Madrid
 Foreign Friends of
Who’s who?
the PM

Former president of the

Francisco Pi y Margall
First Spanish Republic

A journalist
Emilio Junoy
Member of the Cortes

 Parliamentarian
Manuel Ruiz Zorilla  Leader of the Spanish
Republican Party 6
La Solidaridad, Organ of the
Propaganda Movement
 a newspaper founded by
Graciano Lopez Jaena in
Barcelona on February 15, 1889.

 La Solidaridad was created due

to the reality that mass media is
important in propagating the
Propaganda objectives.
 Aims of
La Solidaridad
(from Jaena’s editorial)

1) to portray vividly the 4) to advocate

deplorable condition of liberal ideas and
the Philippines, progress
2) to work peacefully for 5) to champion
the political and social the legitimate
reforms, aspirations of the
3) to combat the evil Filipino people for
forces of medieval- democracy and
happiness.
…La Solidaridad, Organ of
the Propaganda Movement

 La Solidaridad was printed in:

Barcelona (Feb. 15-Oct. 31, 1889)
Madrid (Nov. 15-Nov. 15, 1895)

 On Dec. 15, 1889, M.H. del

Pilar replaced G.L. Jaena as its
editor.
Contributors of La
Solidaridad
 Contributors of La
Solidaridad (Foreigner)
…La Solidaridad, Organ of
the Propaganda Movement
“We are persuaded that there are no
sacrifices that are too little to win the
rights and the liberty of a nation that is
oppressed by slavery.”
(M.H. del Pilar’s farewell editorial)

 The publication ended on

Nov. 15, 1895 after an existence
of seven years.
Masonry and the
Propaganda Movement

 Many Filipino patriots became

masons (del Pilar, Jaena, Rizal,
Ponce) because they needed the
help of the masons in Spain and in
other foreign countries for their
fight for reforms.

14
...Masonry and the
Propaganda Movement

Revolucion- 1st Filipino Masonic lodge

founded by Jaena in Barcelona
- recognized on April 1889 by
Grande Oriental Español headed by Don
Miguel Morayta
- died out on Nov. 29, 1890 after
Lopez Jaena resigned as worshipful master.
…Masonry and the
Propaganda Movement

Lodge Solidaridad- organized by M.H. del Pilar

and Julio Llorante in Madrid
- recognized on May 1890 by Grande
Oriental Español
- Llorante (Worshipful Master)
- prospered so it was joined in by
other Filipinos (Rizal, Pedro Serrano Baldomero
Roxas, Galicano Apacible, etc.)
…Masonry and the
Propaganda Movement

Lodge Nilad- 1st Filipino Masonic lodge

- founded by Serrano Laktaw in Manila
on January 6, 1892.

☻Filipino Masonic lodges in Spain and in

Philippines raised the needed funds to finance the
campaign for reforms in Spain.
Asociacion Hispano-Filipina
(Hispano-Philippine Association)

• Purpose: secure reforms for the

Philippines
• President: Don Miguel Morayta
• V-president: Gen. Felipe dela Corte
• Secretary: Dominador Gomez
• Members: all Filipinos in Europe,
prominent scholars, statesmen of
other nationalities.
...Asociacion Hispano-Filipina
(Hispano-Philippine Association)

3 Sections:
1.) Political Section (M.H. del Pilar)
2.) Literary Section (M. Ponce)
3.) Recreation Section (Tomas Arejola)
Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)

- a Filipino civic association

 founded by Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892
in a house at Ilaya St., Tondo

 its constitution was written by Jose

Rizal, helped by Jose Ma. Basa
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)

“Unus Instar Omnium”

“One Like All”

* motto *
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)

Aims:
1. Union of the Archipelago into a
compact, vigorous, and
homogeneous body.
2. Mutual protection in all cases of
pressing necessity.
. . .
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)

. . .
3. Defense against all violence and
injustice.
4. Encouragement of education,
agriculture, and commerce.
5. Study and application of reforms.
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)

☻ President: Ambrosio Salvador

☻ Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa
☻ Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo
☻ Secretary: Deodato Arellano
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)

Members:
☺ Andress Bonifacio
☺ Apolinario Mabini
☺ Mamerto Natividad
☺ Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
☺ Moises Salvador
. . .
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)

. . .
☺ Jose A. Dizon
☺ Domingo Franco
☺ Timoteo Paez
☺ Arcadio del Rosario
☺ Numeriano Andriano
☺ Timoteo Lanuza
…Liga Filipina
(Philippine League)

 However, three days after the

founding of Liga Filipina, Rizal was
arrested by order of Governor General
Despujol
 On July 6, 1892, Rizal was exiled to
Dapitan-known to be the Liga Filipina’s
collapse.
End of Propaganda Movement

 Rizal’s arrest to Dapitan marks the

end of the Propaganda movement.
 Radical members like Andres
Bonifacio separated from the
movement, believing that it was
useless to expect reforms from the
Spaniards.
…End of Propaganda
Movement

(…Los Compromisarios)
-among the active members were:
• Apolinario Mabini
• Domingo Franco
• Numeriano Andriano
• Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
• Timoteo Paez (..etc...)
…End of Propaganda
Movement

For lack of funds, La Solidaridad

died out after its last issue on
November 15, 1895.

With the demise of the La

Solidaridad, the Propaganda
Movement consequently ended.
…End of Propaganda
Movement

The Propaganda Movement failed,

but the ideas of freedom and justice
which it sowed paved the ground for
the Philippine Revolution that the
Katipunan and Andres Bonifacio
began in the hills of Balintawak in
August 1896.
Pen Names of the Members
Marcelo H. Del Pilar- Plaridel
Jose Rizal- Laong Laan and Dimasalang. He
was executed at Bagumbayan on
December 30, 1896.
Mariano Ponce- Naning, Tikbalang
or Kalipulako
Antonio Luna- Taga-ilog
Jose Ma. Panganiban- Jomapa
Dominador Gomez- Ramiro Franco