Group 2 Metals Questions: (Total 1 Mark)

Group 2 metals questions
Q1.Which of these decreases down Group 2?

A First ionisation energy
B Atomic radius
C Number of protons
D Reactivity with water
(Total 1 mark)
Q2.Both strontium carbonate and strontium sulfate are white solids which are insoluble in water.
Strontium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce a solution of strontium
chloride. Strontium sulfate does not react with hydrochloric acid.
Describe how you would obtain strontium sulfate from a mixture of strontium carbonate
and strontium sulfate.
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(Total 2 marks)
Q3.Which one of the following is a correct procedure for isolating a sample of hydrated
copper(II) sulphate from a mixture of hydrated copper(II) sulphate and barium sulphate?
A filter, crystallise filtrate, dry the crystals
B filter, dry the solid on the filter paper
C add water, filter, dry the solid left on the filter paper
D add water, filter, crystallise filtrate, dry the crystals
Page 1
(Total 1 mark)
Q4.Pure hydrogen peroxide is a colourless liquid with a boiling point of 150 °C. Hydrogen
peroxide was originally produced commercially in a two-stage process. In the first stage
barium was heated in air to form barium peroxide. In the second stage barium peroxide
was added to aqueous nitric acid. The equations for the reactions are shown below.
Stage 1 Ba(s) + O2(g) BaO2(s)
Stage 2 BaO2(s) + 2HNO3(aq) H2O2(aq) + Ba(NO 3)2(aq)12
(a) Suggest one method of separating hydrogen peroxide from the reaction
mixture in Stage 2.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Apart from cost, suggest one reason why nitric acid was eventually replaced
by sulfuric acid in Stage 2.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) Suggest one reason why infrared spectroscopy could not be used to indicate
the presence of a small amount of water in hydrogen peroxide.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Page 2
Q5. The elements in Group 2 can be used to show the trends in properties down a group
in the Periodic Table.
(a) State the trend in atomic radius down Group 2 from Mg to Ba and give a reason for
this trend.
Trend ..........................................................................................................
Reason ........................................................................................................
(2)
(b) State and explain the trend in melting points of the elements down Group 2 from Mg
to Ba.
Trend ...........................................................................................................
Explanation …..............................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
(3)
(c) State the trend in reactivity with water of the elements down Group 2 from Mg to Ba.
Write an equation for the reaction of magnesium with steam and an equation for the
reaction of strontium with water.
Trend ..........................................................................................................
Equation for magnesium .............................................................................
Equation for strontium .................................................................................

(3)
(d) Sulfates of the Group 2 elements from Mg to Ba have different solubilities. Give the
formula of the least soluble of these sulfates and state one use that depends upon
the insolubility of this sulfate.
Formula ........................................................................................................
Use ...............................................................................................................
(2)
Page 3
(Total 10 marks)
Q6.(a) A solution of barium hydroxide is often used for the titration of organic acids. A suitable
indicator for the titration is thymol blue. Thymol blue is yellow in acid and blue in
alkali. In a titration a solution of an organic acid was added from a burette to a
conical flask containing 25.0 cm3 of a barium hydroxide solution and a few drops of
thymol blue.
(i) Describe in full the colour change at the end-point of this titration.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Thymol blue is an acid. State how the average titre would change if a few cm3,
rather than a few drops, of the indicator were used by mistake in this titration.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Barium hydroxide is toxic. Suggest one safety precaution you would take to
minimise this hazard when wiping up a spillage of barium hydroxide solution.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(iv) Suggest one reason why a 250 cm3 conical flask is preferred to a 250cm3
beaker for a titration.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
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(v) Suggest one reason why repeating a titration can improve its reliability
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Solubility data for barium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide are given in the table
below.

Compound Solubility at 20 °C / g dm–3
barium hydroxide 38.9
calcium hydroxide 1.73
(i) Use the data given in the table to calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of a
saturated solution of calcium hydroxide (Mr = 74.1) at 20°C.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Suggest one reason why calcium hydroxide solution is not used in the titration
of a 0.200 mol dm–3 solution of an acid.
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q7.Zinc is similar to Group 2 metals and forms compounds containing Zn2+ ions.
Write an equation for the thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate to zinc oxide.
Calculate the percentage atom economy for the formation of zinc oxide from zinc
carbonate in this reaction.
Page 5
Equation ..................................................................................................................
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Percentage atom economy .....................................................................................
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(Total 3 marks)
Q8.In an experiment to determine its solubility in water, solid barium hydroxide was added to
100cm3 of water until there was an excess of the solid. The mixture was filtered and an
excess of sulfuric acid was added to the filtrate. The barium sulfate produced was
obtained from the reaction mixture, washed with cold water and dried. The mass of barium
sulfate was then recorded.
(a) Explain why the mixture was filtered before the addition of sulfuric acid.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) State how the barium sulfate produced was obtained from the reaction mixture.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) Explain why the barium sulfate was washed before it was dried.
........................................................................................................................
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(1)
(d) Write an equation for the reaction between barium hydroxide and sulfuric acid.
Page 6
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(e) In an experiment, 4.25 g of barium sulfate were formed when an excess of sulfuric
acid was added to 100 cm3 of a saturated solution of barium hydroxide.
(i) Use data from the Periodic Table to calculate the Mr of barium sulfate.
Give your answer to one decimal place.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of BaSO4 in 4.25 g of barium sulfate.
...............................................................................................................
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(1)
(iii) Use your answer from part (ii) to calculate the mass of barium hydroxide(Mr =
171.3) present in 1 dm3 of saturated solution. Show your working.
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(2)
(f) Barium sulfate is taken by mouth by patients so that an outline of a human digestive
system can be viewed using X-rays. Explain why patients do not suffer any adverse
effects from barium sulfate when it is known that solutions containing barium ions
are toxic.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 9 marks)
Page 7
Q9.The elements in Group 2 from Mg to Ba can be used to show the trends in properties down
a group in the Periodic Table.
(a) State the trend in atomic radius for atoms of the elements down Group 2 from Mg to
Ba
Give a reason for this trend.
Trend ..............................................................................................................
Reason ...........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
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........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) The Group 2 elements react with water.
(i) State the trend in reactivity with water of the elements down Group 2 from Mg
to Ba
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction of strontium with water.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(c) Give the formula of the hydroxide of the element in Group 2 from Mg to Ba that is
most soluble in water.
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 8
Q10.A laboratory technician discovered four badly−labelled bottles, each containing one pure
white solid. Each bottle contained a compound of a different Group 2 metal (magnesium,
calcium, strontium and barium).
Some tests were carried out on the solids or, if the compound was soluble, on the
aqueous solution. The results are given in the table.

Test Compound 1 Compound 2 Compound 3 Compound 4
Added to
Dissolves Insoluble Dissolves Dissolves
water
Gives off
Solution
Solution or Solution carbon dioxide Solution
remains
solid added to remains gas and a remains
colourless and
HCl(aq) colourless colourless colourless
heat released
solution forms
Solution or Solution gives Solution gives Solution has

Solid remains
solid added to a white a slight white no visible
insoluble
NaOH(aq) precipitate precipitate change
Gives off
Solution
Solution or Solution has carbon dioxide Solution forms
slowly forms a
solid added to no visible gas and a a white
slight white
H2SO4(aq) change white solid precipitate
precipitate
remains
(a) One of the bottles has a very faint label that could be read as ‘Magnesium Sulfate’.
Use the information in the table to deduce which one of the four compounds is
magnesium sulfate and explain your answer.
Compound .....................................................................................................
Explanation ....................................................................................................
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(3)
(b) The bottle containing Compound 2 has a ‘TOXIC’ hazard symbol.
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Use the information in the table to identify Compound 2.
Explain both observations in the reaction with H2SO4(aq).
Identity of Compound 2 ................................................................................
Explanation ....................................................................................................
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(3)
(c) Identify the compound that is strontium hydroxide.
Give an equation for the reaction of strontium hydroxide with sulfuric acid.
Compound .....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Equation ........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Q11.This question is about the elements in Group 2 and their compounds.
(a) Use the Periodic Table to deduce the full electron configuration of calcium.
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Write an ionic equation, with state symbols, to show the reaction of calcium with an
excess of water.
........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 10
(c) State the role of water in the reaction with calcium.
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(d) Write an equation to show the process that occurs when the first ionisation energy
of calcium is measured.
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(e) State and explain the trend in the first ionisation energies of the elements in Group 2
from magnesium to barium.
Trend .............................................................................................................
Explanation ....................................................................................................
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(3)
(Total 7 marks)
Q12.The table below shows observations of changes from some test-tube reactions of aqueous
solutions of compounds Q, R and S with five different aqueous reagents. The initial
colours of the solutions are not given.

BaCl2 + AgNO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 HCl

HCl HNO3 (conc)
no change pale cream white white no change

Q
observed precipitate precipitate precipitate observed
Page 11
white
white
precipitate,
no change white precipitate, no change
R dissolves in
observd precipitate bubbles of a observed
excess of
gas
NaOH
brown
white no change brown precipitate, yellow
S
precipitate observed precipitate bubbles of a solution
gas
(a) Identify each of compounds Q, R and S.

You are not required to explain your answers.
Identity of Q ...................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Identity of R ....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Identity of S ....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(6)
(b) Write ionic equations for each of the positive observations with S.
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(4)
(Total 10 marks)
Q13.A student was given a powder made from a mixture of anhydrous barium chloride and
anhydrous magnesium chloride. The student dissolved 1.056 g of the powder in water in a
conical flask and added an excess of sulfuric acid.
A white precipitate formed and was filtered off, washed and dried.
The mass of this solid was 0.764 g.
Identify the white precipitate and calculate the percentage, by mass, of magnesium
chloride in the powder.
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(Total 4 marks)
Q14.Which one of the following solutions would not give a white precipitate when added to
barium chloride solution?
A silver nitrate solution
B dilute sulphuric acid
C sodium sulphate solution
Page 13
D sodium nitrate solution
(Total 1 mark)
Q15. Compound A is an oxide of sulphur. At 415 K, a gaseous sample of A, of mass

0.304 g, occupied a volume of 127 cm at a pressure of 103 kPa. 3
State the ideal gas equation and use it to calculate the number of moles of A in the
sample, and hence calculate the relative molecular mass of A.
(The gas constant R = 8.31 J K mol ) –1 –1
Ideal gas equation ................................................................................................
Calculation ............................................................................................................
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(Total 5 marks)
Q16.Which one of the following is the electron arrangement of the strongest reducing agent?
A 1s2 2s2 2p5
B 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
C 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
D 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2

(Total 1 mark)
Q17. (i) For the elements Mg–Ba, state how the solubilities of the hydroxides and the
solubilities of the sulphates change down Group II.
Page 14
(ii) Describe a test to show the presence of sulphate ions in an aqueous solution.
Give the results of this test when performed on separate aqueous solutions
of magnesium chloride and magnesium sulphate. Write equations for any
reactions occurring.
(iii) State the trend in the reactivity of the Group II elements Mg–Ba with water.
Write an equation for the reaction of barium with water.

(Total 11 marks)
Q18. The following two-stage method was used to analyse a mixture containing the solids
magnesium, magnesium oxide and sodium chloride.
Stage 1
A weighed sample of the mixture was treated with an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid.
The sodium chloride dissolved in the acid. The magnesium oxide reacted to form a
solution of magnesium chloride. The magnesium also reacted to form hydrogen gas and a
solution of magnesium chloride. The hydrogen produced was collected.
(a) Write equations for the two reactions involving hydrochloric acid.
(b) State how you would collect the hydrogen. State the measurements that you would
make in order to calculate the number of moles of hydrogen produced. Explain how
your results could be used to determine the number of moles of magnesium metal in
the sample.
(8)
Stage 2
Sodium hydroxide solution was added to the solution formed in Stage 1 until no further
precipitation of magnesium hydroxide occurred. This precipitate was filtered off, collected,
dried and heated strongly until it had decomposed completely into magnesium oxide. The
oxide was weighed.
(c) Write equations for the formation of magnesium hydroxide and for its decomposition
Page 15
into magnesium oxide.
(d) When a 2.65 g sample of the mixture of the three solids was analysed as described
above, the following results were obtained.
Hydrogen obtained in Stage 1 0.0528 mol
Mass of magnesium oxide obtained in Stage 2 6.41 g
Use these results to calculate the number of moles of original magnesium oxide in
100 g of the mixture.
(7)
(Total 15 marks)
Q19. State the trends in solubility of the hydroxides and of the sulphates of the Group II
elements Mg–Ba.
Describe a chemical test you could perform to distinguish between separate aqueous
solutions of sodium sulphate and sodium nitrate. State the observation you would make
with each solution. Write an equation for any reaction which occurs.
(Total 6 marks)
Q20. This question concerns the chemistry of the Group II metals Mg to Ba.
An aqueous solution of a Group II metal chloride, XCl , forms a white precipitate when
2
dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide is added. A separate sample of the solution of XCl does 2
not form a precipitate when dilute aqueous sodium sulphate is added.
An aqueous solution of a different Group II metal chloride, YCl , does not form a
2
precipitate when dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide is added. A separate sample of the
solution of YCl forms a white precipitate when dilute aqueous sodium sulphate is added.
2
Page 16
Suggest identities for the Group II metals X and Y. Write equations, including state
symbols, for the reactions which occur.
(Total 6 marks)
Q21.The following pairs of compounds can be distinguished by simple test−tube reactions.
For each pair of compounds, give a reagent (or combination of reagents) that, when
added separately to each compound, could be used to distinguish between them.
State what is observed in each case.
(a) Butan−2−ol and 2−methylpropan−2−ol
Reagent .........................................................................................................
Observation with butan−2−ol
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Observation with 2−methylpropan−2−ol
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(3)
(b) Propane and propene
Reagent .........................................................................................................
Observation with propane
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Observation with propene
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(3)
Page 17
(c) Aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous sodium nitrate
Reagent .........................................................................................................
Observation with aqueous silver nitrate
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Observation with aqueous sodium nitrate
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(3)
(d) Aqueous magnesium chloride and aqueous barium chloride
Reagent .........................................................................................................
Observation with aqueous magnesium chloride
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
Observation with aqueous barium chloride
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 12 marks)
Q22.Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is produced when some fossil fuels are burned.
Which of the following statements is true?

A Sulfur dioxide can be removed from waste gases in a

power station by an acid-base reaction with calcium oxide.
B Sulfur dioxide is insoluble in water.
Page 18
C Sulfur dioxide is a basic oxide.
D Sulfur dioxide is an ionic compound.
(Total 1 mark)
Q23.This question is about the Group 2 metals and their compounds.
(a) Explain why the first ionisation energy of barium is less than the first ionisation
energy of calcium.
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) Magnesium reacts readily with steam.
State two observations you would make when magnesium reacts with steam. Write
an equation for the reaction.
Observation 1 ......................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
Observation 2 ......................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
Equation ..............................................................................................................
(3)
(c) Explain why different observations are made when aqueous barium chloride is
added separately to aqueous magnesium sulfate and to aqueous magnesium
nitrate.
Write the simplest ionic equation, including state symbols, for any reaction that
occurs.
Explanation ..........................................................................................................
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Page 19
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Equation ..............................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Page 20
M1.A
[1]
M2.Add (hydrochloric) acid to the mixture;

Allow correct acid eg nitric acid.
1
Filter to isolate strontium sulphate;

Do not allow ‘drain’ or decant’
1
[2]
M3.D
[1]
M4.(a) Fractional distillation (under reduced pressure)

1
(b) BaSO4 insoluble / remove by filtration

Do not allow answers which refer to reaction rate
1
(c) Both contain OH group

Allow OH stretch in ir spectrum of each compound
Do not allow ‘same bonds’
1
[3]
Page 21
M5. (a) Trend: increases

Wrong trend CE = 0 and in (b)
1
Reason: More electron shells

OR implies more shell / sub-shells / levels
1
(b) Trend: decreases

1
Explanation: Metallic bonds weaker

OR weaker attraction between ions (or nuclei) &
delocalised electrons
1
Atoms (ions) larger

This mark is only scored if previous mark given. CE if
mention molecules, intermolecular forces ionic bonding
1
(c) Trend: increases

1
Equation for magnesium: Mg + H O → MgO + H

2 2
Equation for strontium: Sr + 2H O → Sr(OH) + H

2 2 2
(d) Formula: BaSO 4
Use: Test for sulfate ion

OR Pigment, for x-rays, barium meal, paint
1
[10]
Page 22
M6.(a) (i) Blue to green

Accept blue to yellow.
1
(ii) Decrease / less acid needed

Ignore references to rate
1
(iii) Gloves or avoid skin contact

Allow ‘if reagent contacts skin wash off (immediately)’ or
answers to that effect.
Do not accept ‘wash’ only.
Ignore ‘eye protection’ or ‘lab coat’ or ‘use of fume cupboard’
or ‘don’t ingest’.
1
(iv) Less chance of losing liquid on swirling / liquid doesn’t splash on swirling

Do not accept ‘easier to swirl’ on its own.
Do not accept ‘easier to stir’.
1
(v) Idea that a single titration could be flawed / anomalous

Allow an indication that the first titration is a rough titration.
Do not allow ‘to improve accuracy’ without qualification.
Do not allow vague references to ‘outliers’.
1
(b) (i) 2.3(3) × 10–2

Do not penalise additional significant figures, but do not
Page 23
allow 0.02
1
(ii) Dilution of acid needed / may react with carbon dioxide in air

Accept ‘poor end-point’ or ‘no suitable indicator’ or ‘a large
volume (of calcium hydroxide) will be needed’.
Ignore references to low solubility or concentration too low.
1
[7]
M7.ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2

Ignore state symbols.
If equation incorrect, allow one mark only for correct atom
economy method.
1
Percentage atom economy =

Mark consequentially for incorrect formula mass(es)
1
× 100 = 64.9
Accept answer to at least 2 significant figures
1
[3]
M8.(a) Remove undissolved barium hydroxide / excess solid

Do not accept ‘remove impurities’.
1
Page 24
(b) Filtration
Do not accept ‘decanting’ or ‘sieving’.
Ignore references to heating or drying.
1
(c) Remove (excess) sulfuric acid

1
(d) Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2H2O
Accept multiples.
Accept Ba2+ + SO42- → BaSO4
Ignore state symbols.
1
(e) (i) 233.4
Accept 233
1
(ii) 0.018(2)
Do not penalise additional significant figures, but do not
allow 0.02
Allow consequential answer from (i).
1
(iii) 0.018(2) ×171.3 = 3.12

Do not penalise precision.
If 0.018 used, answer = 3.08
1
×10 = 31.2
Do not penalise precision.
Allow this mark if 0.18(2) used directly.
Correct answer without working scores one mark only.
Page 25
Allow consequential answer on (ii)
1
(f) Barium sulfate / it is insoluble

Do not accept answers based on small amount ingested.
Do not accept barium.
1
[9]
M9.(a) M1 Increases / gets bigger

If M1 is incorrect CE = 0 for the clip
If M1 is blank, mark on and seek to credit the correct
information in the text
M2 requires a correct M1
M2 requires correct M1
More shells or sub-shells or (main) levels or sub-levels or orbitals (of

electrons)
If “molecules” penalise M2
Not simply “more electrons”
Not “more outer shells”
Ignore reference to nuclear charge and shielding
2
(b) (i) Increases / gets more reactive / reacts more vigorously / violently (down
the Group)
1
(ii) Sr + 2H2O Sr(OH)2 + H2

Credit multiples and correct ionic equations
Ignore state symbols
1
(c) Ba(OH)2
This MUST be a formula so ignore the name
Credit Ba2+ 2OH−
Page 26
Ignore state symbols
1
[5]
M10.(a) Compound 1
If M1 incorrect, CE = 0
M1
1
No visible change with H2SO4
M2
1
Gives white ppt with NaOH
M3
1
(b) BaCO3
1
The carbonate ion releases CO2

1
but the BaSO4 formed is highly insoluble.

1
(c) Compound 4
1
Sr(OH)2 + H2SO4 SrSO4 + 2H2O

Allow ionic equation; ignore state symbols
1
[8]
M11.(a) 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
Page 27
Allow correct numbers that are not superscripted
1
(b) Ca(s)+ 2H2O(l) Ca2+(aq) + 2OH–(aq) + H2(g)

State symbols essential
1
(c) Oxidising agent

1
(d) Ca(g) Ca+(g) + e–

State symbols essential
Allow ‘e’ without the negative sign
1
(e) Decrease
If answer to ‘trend’ is not ‘decrease’, then chemical error =
0/3
1
Ions get bigger / more (energy) shells

Allow atoms instead of ions
1
Weaker attraction of ion to lost electron

1
[7]
M12.(a) Q is calcium or magnesium

1
Page 28
bromide
1
R is aluminium
1
chloride
1
S is iron(III)
1
sulfate
1
Mark this question independently
(b) Ba2+ + SO42– BaSO4

1
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH– Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 + 3H2O

1
2[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3CO32– 2Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 + 3H2O + 3CO2

1
Page 29
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 4Cl– [FeCl4]– + 6H2O
1
[10]
M13.Identifies precipitate as being BaSO4

1
Moles of Barium sulfate = mass/Mr
(= 0.764 / 233.4)
= 0.003273 moles
Allow conseq if Mr BaSO4 or BaCl2 incorrect
1
Mass of Barium chloride = 208.3 × 0.003273 = 0.6818 g
1
Percentage of Magnesium chloride

Do NOT penalise incorrect precision here
Allow range 33.7-35.5% (rounding errors penalised
elsewhere in paper)
1
[4]
M14.D
[1]
M15. Ideal gas equation: pV = nRT (1)
Calculation: n = pV/RT = (1)

mark for volume conversion fully correct
= 3.79 × 10 (mol) (1)

–3
range 3.79 × 10 to 3.8 × 10

–3 –3
M = m/n = .304/3.79 × 10 = 80.1 (1)

r
–3
range 80 – 80.3
min 2 s.f. conseq
If ‘V’ wrong lose M2; ‘p’ wrong lose M3; ‘inverted’ lose M3
and M4
[5]
Page 30

M16.D
[1]
M17. (i) Hydroxide solubility increases (need trend)

1
Sulphate solubility decreases (need trend)

(If both Mg/Ba salts correctly compared - but no trend- allow
1 max)
1
Add acid name/correct formula HCl

1
(ii) (accept HNO /CH COOH) [NOT hydrogen chloride]

3 3
[If acid added is H SO = CE – allow only M2]

2 4
Add Ba salt name/correct formula BaCl

2+
2
(accept Ba(NO ) / Ba(CH COO) ) 3 2 3 2
[If reagent added is BaSO /Ba/Ba(OH) = CE – allow only 4 2
M1]
1
MgCl2 No change / no ppt / no reaction

1
MgSO White ppt / solid / suspension [NOT chalky, milky]

4
Both observations tied to Ba ions being added 2+
MgSO + BaCl → BaSO + MgCl

4 2 4 2
Accept ionic equation

1
(Reagent mark (M2) can be awarded from full equation)

1
[Treat incorrect equation for MgCl as contradiction of correct equation]

2
Page 31
(Ignore carbonate equations) (Ignore state
symbols)
1
(iii) Reactivity increases (down group) [NOT solubility increases]

1
Ba + 2H O → Ba(OH) + H
2 2 2
1
[11]
M18. (a) Mg + 2HCl → MgCl + H 2 2
MgO + 2HCl → MgCl + H O 2 2
Allow ionic equations

1
(b) Hydrogen collection

Using a gas syringe or measuring cylinder/ graduated vessel over water
Allow if shown in a diagram
1
Measurements (i) P 1

(ii) T 1
(iii) V 1
Use ideal gas equation to calculate mol hydrogen or mass/Mr

Mol H = mol Mg (Mark consequentially to equation)
2
(c) MgCl + 2NaOH → Mg(OH) + 2NaCl Species

2 2
Balanced
1
Allow an ionic equation
Page 32
Mg(OH) → MgO + H O
2 2
(d) Allow 2 significant figures in these calculations and

ignore additional figures
EITHER
Mol MgO obtained stage 2 = mass MgO/MrMgO

1
= 6.41/ 40.(3) = 0.159 Allow 0.16

Allow method mark if formula of magnesium oxide or M r
incorrect
1
Moles of Mg = moles of H hence2
Mol original MgO = mol MgO from stage 2 - mol H 2
= 0.159 – 0.0528 = 0.106 Allow 0.11

Mark consequentially to moles of magnesium oxide
determined above
OR
Mass MgO formed from Mg = 0.0528 × M MgO {or 40.(3)} (1)
r
= 2.13 g
Allow 2.1 (1)
Allow method mark if formula of magnesium oxide or Mr
incorrect
Mass original MgO = total mass MgO - mass formed from Mg (1)
= 6.41 – 2.13 = 4.28 g Allow 4.3 (1)

Mark consequentially mass of magnesium oxide determined
above
NB
As there is an error in part (d), the mass of sample should

have been 6.25 NOT 2.65, award full marks to any candidate
who has crossed out their correct first answer.
1
[15]
Page 33
M19. Hydroxide: solubility increases

1
Sulphate: solubility decreases [BOTH inc/dec allow 1/2]
[Allow correct solubilities of top (Mg) and bottom (Ba) cpds]

1
Add: BaCl (aq) / Ba(NO ) (aq) / Ba(OH) (aq)

2 3 2 2
[Not solid added]

[Not Ba / Ba / Ba + HCl / Pb(NO ) (aq)]
2+
3 2
[If BaSO / H SO used, M3 to M6 = CE = 0]

4 2 4
[Allow any sensible nitrate test as an alternative to

the sulphate test]
1
[Note: If M3 not awarded but test would work, allow correct observations
and equations]
Na SO
2 white precipitate / solid / suspension
4
[not cloudy/milky]
1
NaNO no change

3
BaCl + Na SO → BaSO + 2NaCl

2 2 4 4
Accept ionic equation

1
[6]
M20. X = Mg;
(accept Be,Ca)
1
Page 34
Y = Ba;
(accept Sr)
1
MgCl (aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Mg(OH) (s) + 2NaCl(aq)

2 2
Species;
1
State symbols & balance;

1
BaCl (aq) + Na SO (aq) → BaSO (s) + 2NaCl(aq);

2 2 4 4
Species;
1
State symbols & balance;

(accept ionic equations)
1
[6]
M21.(a) M1 acidified potassium dichromate or K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
OR K2Cr2O7 / H+ OR acidified K2Cr2O7
M2 (orange to) green solution OR goes green
M3 (solution) remains orange or no reaction or no (observed) change

If no reagent or incorrect reagent in M1, CE = 0 and no
marks for M1, M2 or M3
If incomplete / inaccurate attempt at reagent e.g.
“dichromate” or “dichromate(IV)” or incorrect formula or no
acid, penalise M1 only and mark on
For M2 ignore dichromate described as “yellow” or “red”
For M3 ignore “nothing (happens)” or “no observation”
Alternative using KMnO4 / H2SO4
M1 acidified potassium manganate(VII) / potassium permanganate or

KMnO4 / H2SO4
Page 35
OR KMnO4 / H OR acidified KMnO4
+
M2 colourless solution OR goes colourless
M3 (solution) remains purple or no reaction or no (observed) change

For M1
“manganate” or “manganate(IV)” or incorrect formula or no
Credit alkaline KMnO4 for possible full marks but M2 gives
brown precipitate or solution goes green
3
(b) M1 (Shake with) Br2 OR bromine (water) OR bromine (in CCl4 / organic
solvent)
M2 (stays) orange / red / yellow / brown / the same
OR no reaction OR no (observed) change
M3 decolourised / goes colourless / loses its colour / orange to colourless

If no reagent or incorrect reagent in M1, CE = 0 and no
marks for M1, M2 or M3
If incomplete / inaccurate attempt at reagent (e.g. Br),
penalise M1 only and mark on
No credit for combustion observations; CE = 0
For M2 in every case
Ignore “nothing (happens)”
Ignore “no observation”
Ignore “clear”
OR as alternatives
Use KMnO4 / H2SO4
M1 acidified potassium manganate(VII) / potassium permanganate OR

KMnO4 / H2SO4
OR KMnO4 / H+ OR acidified KMnO4
M2 (stays) purple or no reaction or no (observed) change
M3 decolourised / goes colourless / loses its colour
Use iodine
M1 iodine or I2 / KI or iodine solution
M2 no change
Page 36
M3 decolourised / goes colourless / loses its colour
Use concentrated sulfuric acid
M1 concentrated H2SO4
M2 no change
M3 brown
For M1, it must be a whole reagent and / or correct formula
For M1 penalise incorrect attempt at correct formula, but
mark M2 and M3
With potassium manganate(VII)
“manganate” or “manganate(IV)” or incorrect formula or no
Credit alkaline / neutral KMnO4 for possible full marks but M3
gives brown precipitate or solution goes green
Apply similar guidance for errors in the formula of iodine or
concentrated sulfuric acid reagent as those used for other
reagents.
3
(c) M1 Any soluble chloride including hydrochloric acid (ignore concentration)
M2 white precipitate or white solid / white suspension
M3 remains colourless or no reaction or no (observed) change or no

precipitate or clear solution or it remains clear
OR as an alternative
M1 Any soluble iodide including HI
M2 yellow precipitate or yellow solid / yellow suspension

M1 Any soluble bromide including HBr
M2 cream precipitate or cream solid / cream suspension

M1 NaOH or KOH or any soluble carbonate
Page 37
M2 brown precipitate or brown solid / brown suspension with NaOH / KOH
(white precipitate / solid / suspension with carbonate)

If no reagent or incorrect reagent or insoluble chloride in M1,
CE = 0 and no marks for M1, M2 or M3
Allow chlorine water
If incomplete reagent (e.g. chloride ions) or inaccurate
attempt at formula of chosen chloride, or chlorine, penalise
M1 only and mark on
For M2 require the word “white” and some reference to a
solid. Ignore “cloudy solution” OR “suspension” (similarly for
the alternatives)
For M3
Ignore “clear” on its own
Ignore “dissolves”
3
(d) M1 Any soluble sulfate including (dilute or aqueous) sulfuric acid


If no reagent or incorrect reagent or insoluble sulfate in M1,
CE = 0 and no marks for M1, M2 or M3
Accept MgSO4 and CaSO4 but not barium, lead or silver
sulfates
If concentrated sulfuric acid or incomplete reagent (e.g.
sulfate ions) or inaccurate attempt at formula of chosen
sulfate, penalise M1 only and mark on
For M3 (or M2 in the alternative) require the word “white”
and some reference to a solid.
Ignore “cloudy solution” OR “suspension”
For M2 (or M3 in the alternative)
Ignore “clear” on its own
Ignore “dissolves”
M1 NaOH or KOH
Page 38

If incomplete reagent (e.g. hydroxide ions) or inaccurate
attempt at formula of chosen hydroxide, penalise M1 only
and mark on
If M1 uses NH3 (dilute or concentrated) penalise M1 only and mark
on
3
[12]
M22.A
[1]
M23.(a) More (electron) shells / (outer) electrons further from the nucleus / larger atoms /
more shielding
If ‘molecules’ mentioned CE = 0
It = Ba
Mark independently
ALLOW energy levels for shells
Both ideas must be comparative
1
So weaker attraction of nucleus/protons for (outer) electrons
NOT hold/pull/bonded for ‘attraction’
Idea of nucleus or protons must be clear
ALLOW M2 if electrons implied from mention in M1
ALLOW converse if it is clear that answer refers to Ca
1
(b) White solid / white ash

ALLOW ‘white smoke/powder’
IGNORE ‘product’
NOT ppt
IGNORE fumes
IGNORE tube/glass goes black
1
Bright light / white light

ALLOW glow/flame for light
Page 39
1
Mg + H2O → MgO + H2
IGNORE state symbols
1
(c) BaSO4 is insoluble but Ba(NO3)2 is soluble

OR
BaSO4 precipitates but Ba(NO3)2 product(s) of second reaction is soluble/remains in
solution
OR
BaSO4 is insoluble but no reaction occurs in second case
NOT just ‘no observation’ in second case
Comparison of solubilities must be implied
NOT Barium is soluble/insoluble
Correct state symbols required
1
Ba (aq) + SO4 (aq) → BaSO4(s)
2+ 2-
1
[7]
Page 40

Group 2 Metals Questions: (Total 1 Mark)

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Group 2 Metals Questions: (Total 1 Mark)

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Group 2 metals questions

Q1.Which of these decreases down Group 2?

D Reactivity with water

A filter, crystallise filtrate, dry the crystals

B filter, dry the solid on the filter paper

D add water, filter, crystallise filtrate, dry the crystals

Stage 1 Ba(s) + O2(g) BaO2(s)

Stage 2 BaO2(s) + 2HNO3(aq) H2O2(aq) + Ba(NO 3)2(aq)12

Equation for magnesium .............................................................................

Equation for strontium .................................................................................

(i) Describe in full the colour change at the end-point of this titration.

barium hydroxide 38.9

calcium hydroxide 1.73

Percentage atom economy .....................................................................................

(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of BaSO4 in 4.25 g of barium sulfate.

(b) The Group 2 elements react with water.

(ii) Write an equation for the reaction of strontium with water.

Solution or Solution gives Solution gives Solution has

(b) The bottle containing Compound 2 has a ‘TOXIC’ hazard symbol.

Explain both observations in the reaction with H2SO4(aq).

Identity of Compound 2 ................................................................................

(c) Identify the compound that is strontium hydroxide.

Q11.This question is about the elements in Group 2 and their compounds.

(c) State the role of water in the reaction with calcium.

no change pale cream white white no change

(a) Identify each of compounds Q, R and S.

A silver nitrate solution

B dilute sulphuric acid

C sodium sulphate solution

Q15. Compound A is an oxide of sulphur. At 415 K, a gaseous sample of A, of mass

Ideal gas equation ................................................................................................

A 1s2 2s2 2p5

B 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

C 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

D 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2

Write an equation for the reaction of barium with water.

Hydrogen obtained in Stage 1 0.0528 mol

Mass of magnesium oxide obtained in Stage 2 6.41 g

not form a precipitate when dilute aqueous sodium sulphate is added.

Q21.The following pairs of compounds can be distinguished by simple test−tube reactions.

(a) Butan−2−ol and 2−methylpropan−2−ol

Observation with butan−2−ol

Observation with 2−methylpropan−2−ol

(b) Propane and propene

Observation with propane

Observation with propene

(c) Aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous sodium nitrate

Observation with aqueous silver nitrate

Observation with aqueous sodium nitrate

(d) Aqueous magnesium chloride and aqueous barium chloride

Observation with aqueous magnesium chloride

Observation with aqueous barium chloride

Which of the following statements is true?

B Sulfur dioxide is insoluble in water.

C Sulfur dioxide is a basic oxide.

D Sulfur dioxide is an ionic compound.

Q23.This question is about the Group 2 metals and their compounds.

(b) Magnesium reacts readily with steam.

M2.Add (hydrochloric) acid to the mixture;

Filter to isolate strontium sulphate;

M4.(a) Fractional distillation (under reduced pressure)

(b) BaSO4 insoluble / remove by filtration