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    TESTMASTERS Vol 4 Stress Analysis PDF

    Uploaded by

    Eric Barasa

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    testmasters PROFESSIONAL EXAM PREPARATION Preparation for the PE CIVIL ENGINEERING Volume 4 2600 North Gessner, Suite 116 Houston, TX 77080 Tel. (713) 529-9752 Fax (281) 276-7789 pe@testmasters.com testmasters.com YIISIIIS NCEES shag NCES Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination CIVIL BREADTH and STRUCTURAL DEPTH Exam Specifications Effective Boginning with the Apel! 2016 Examinations ‘+ The civil exam isa breadth and depth examination. This means that examinees work the breadth (AM) exam and one ofthe five depth (PM) exams, ‘+ The five areas covered in the civil examination are construction, geotechnical, structural, transportation, and water resources and environmental. The breadth exam contains questions from all five areas of civil engineering. The depth exams focus more closely on a single area of practice in civil engineering. ‘+ Examinces work all questions in the morning session and all questions inthe afternoon module they have chosen, ‘+ The exam isan 8-hour open-book exam, Itcontains 40 multiple-choice questions in the 4hour AM session, and 40 multiple-choice questions in the 4-hour PM session, ‘+The exam uses both the International System of Units (SI) and the US Customary System (USCS). ‘+The exams developed with questions that wil require a variety of approaches and methodologies, including design, analysis, and application. Some problems may require knowledge of engineering ‘+ The knowledge areas specified as examples of kinds of knowledge are not exclusive or exhaustive categories ‘+The specifications for the AM exam and the Structural PM exam arc included here. The design. standards applicable to the Structural PM exam are show on the last page. CIVIL BREADTH Exam Specifications Approximate Nombor of oostone |. Project Planning 4 A. Quantity take-off methods B. Cost estimating C. Project schedules D. Activity identification and sequencing IL. Means and Methods 3 ‘A. Construction loads B. Construction methods (C. Temporary structures and facilities ML Soil Mechanics 6 Lateral earth pressure Soil consolidation Effective and total stresses Bearing capacity Foundation settlement Slope stability mROORE vn vi. ‘ivi react Exam Spectcatons Continued ‘Structural Mechanics 6 Dead and live loads Trusses, ‘Bending (e.g, moments and stresses) Shear (eg, forces and stresses) ‘Axial (eg, forces and stresses) ‘Combined stresses Deflection Beams Columns 3. Slabs K. Footings L. Retaining walls Hydraulics and Hydrology 7 AL Open-channel flow Stormwater collection and drainage (eg, culvert, stormwater inlets, gutter flow, street flow, storm sewer pipes) Storm characteristics (eg, storm frequency, rainfall measurement and distribution) Runoff analysis (e., Rational and SCS/NRCS methods, hydrographic application, runoff time of concentration) etention/retention ponds Pressure conduit (single pipe, force mains, Hazen-Williams, Darey-Weisbach, ‘major and minor losses) G. Energy and/or continulty equation (e.,, Bernoull) Geometries 3 A. Basic circular curve elements (e.g, middle ordinate, length, chord, radius) B, Basie vertical curve elements © Traffie volume (eg, vehicle mix, flow, and speed) Materials 6 Soil classification and boring log interpretation Soil properties (eg, strength, permeability, eompressi Concrete (e.g., nonreinforeed, reinforced) ‘Structural steel, Material test methods and specification conformance ‘Compaction ite Development 5 ‘Excavation and embankment (eg. cut and fll) Construction site layout and control ‘Temporary and permanent soil erosion and sediment control (eg, construction ‘erosion control and permits, sediment transport, channel/outlet protection) Impact of construction on adjacent faites Safety (eg, construction, roadside, work zone) Hrrommonee =r pA ity, phase relationships) pose esegan ng CIVIL-STRUCTURAL DEPTH Exam Specifications Analysis of Structures ‘A. Loads and load applications 20. Dead loads Live loads Construction loads Wind loads Seismic loads Moving loads (eg, vehicular, eranes) Snow, rain, ice Impact loads Earth pressure and surcharge loads Load paths (e.g, lateral and vertical) Load combinations ‘Tributary areas B. Forces and load effects Diagrams (eg, shear and moment) Axial (eg, tension and compression) Shear Flexare Deflection Special topics (eg, torsion, buelding fatigue, progressive collapse, thermal deformation, bearing) Design and Details of Structures 'A. Materials and material properties 3 4 Concrete (eg, plain, reinforced, castin-place, precast, pre-tensioned, post-tensioned) Steel (eg. structural, reinforeing,cold-formed) ‘Timber ‘Masonry (eg, brick veneer, CMU) B. Component design and detailing Horizontal members (eg, beams, slabs, diaphragms) Vertical members (eg, columns, bearing walls, shear walls) Systems (eg, trusses, braces, frames, composite construction) Connections (e.g. bearing, bolted, welded, embedded, anchored) Foundations (eg. retaining walls, footings, combined footings, slabs, ‘mats, piers piles, ealssons, drilled shafts) Approximate Number of ‘Guesvons 4 Civi-Sructural Depth Exam Specicabons Contin MI, Codes and Construction 6 A. Codes, standards, and guidance documents 4 International Building Code (IBC) ‘American Conerete Institute (ACT 318, 530) Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI Design Handbook) Steel Construction Manual (AISC) "National Design Specification for Wood Consteuetion (NDS) LLRFD Bridge Design Specifications (AASHTO) ‘Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE 7) ‘American Welding Society (AWS D1.1, D1.2, and D1.4) (OSHA 1910 General Industry and OSHA 1926 Construction Safety Standards emporary structures and other topics 2 Special inspections Submittals Formwork Falsework and seafolding Shoring and reshoring ‘Concrete maturity and early strength evaluation Bracing Anchorage (OSHA regulations Safety management Beas anaepe poxvepeepe ABBREVIATION ‘AASHTO iwc ASCET aci3ta Ais Nos OSHA CFR 29 Part 1910 ) Part 1926 Pel NCEES ‘genders ee NCES Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination CIVIL—STRUCTURAL Design Standards! ‘These standards apply othe Seta atemoan medio the PE Ci exam Effective Boginning with the April 2019 Examinations DESIGN STANDARD TITLE AASHTO LRED Bridge Design Specifications, 7th edition (without interims), ‘American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials, ‘Washington, DC. {International Building Code, 2015 edition (without supplements), International Code Council, Falls Chureh, VA. ‘Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ged printing, 2010, Ameriean Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA. Building Code Requirements for Structural Conerete, 2014, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI ‘Steel Construction Manual, 4th edition, American Institute of Steel Construction, Ine, Chicago, I. National Design Specification for Wood Construetion, 2015 edition, and ‘National Design Specification Supplement, Design Vales for Wood Construction, 2015 edition, American Wood Couteil, Leesburg, VA. ‘Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic, 2015 edition, American ‘Wood Council, Leesburg, VA. General Industry regulations and Construction regulations, 2016 Occupational Safety and Health Standards Subpart A, General, 1910.1-1910.9, with Appendix Ato 1910.7 Subpart D, Walking- Working Surfaces, 1910.21~1930.30 Subpart F, Powered Platforms, Manlifts, and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms, 1910.66~1910.68, with Appendix A~Appendix D to 1910.66 Safety and Health Regulations for Construction, 2016. Subpart E, Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment, 1926.95~ 1926.107. ‘Subpart M, Fall Protection, 1926,500~1926.503, Appendix A~Appendix E, ‘Subpart Q, Concrete and Masonry Construction, 1926.700-1926.706, with Appendix A, ‘Subpart R, Steel Erection, 126.750~1926.761, with Appendix A~Appendix H. PCI Design Handbook: Preeast and Prestressed Conerete, th edition, 2010, Precast/Prestressed Conerete Institute, Chicago, IL. NCEES sh gs TMS 4021602? Building Code Requirements and Specification for Masonry Structures (and related commentaries), 2013; The Masonry Society, Longmont, CO. Notes ‘Solutions to exam questions that reference a standard of practice are scored based on this ist Solutions based on other editions or standards will not receive credit. All questions use the US ‘Customary System (USCS) of units Examinees will use only the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) method for wood design. 3. Formerly also called ACI 530. Examinees will use only the ASD method, except strength design ‘Section 93.5 may be used for walls with out-of plane loads. NCEES vn pre sees ‘Tus 4021602" {ACI 520/530.1) Building Code Requirements and Specifications for Masonry Structures (and ‘elated commentaries), 201g; The Masonry Society, Boulder, CO; American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI; and Structural Engineering institute ofthe American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA. Notes 1. Solutions to exam questions thet reference a standard of practice are scored based on this lis. Solutions based on other editions or standards will not receive credit ll questions use the US Customary System (USCS) of units, 2 Examinees will use only the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) method for wood design. 3 Examinees will use only the ASD method, except strength design Section 9.3.5 may be used for walls with out-of-plane loads. NCEES sey ieee Ed NCES Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination CIVIL BREADTH and GEOTECHNICAL DEPTH Exam Specifications Effective Beginning withthe April 2015 Examinations ‘+ The civil exam isa breadth and depth examination. This means that examinees work the breadth (AM) exam and one ofthe five depth (PM) exams. ‘© The iveareas covered inthe vl exam are construction, geotechnical, structural, transportation, ‘and water resources and environmental. The breadth exam contains questions from all ive areas of| ‘chil engineering. The depth exams focus more closely on a single area of practice in civil, ‘engineering, ‘+ Bxaminees workall questions in the morning session and all questions in the afternoon module they have chosen, Depth resulls are combined with breadth results for final scare, ‘+ The exam isan 8-hour open-book exam. Itcontains 40 multiple-choice questions in the 4ehour AM session, and 4o multiple-choice questions in the 4-hour PM session, ‘+ The exam uses both the International System of Units (SI) and the US Customary System (USCS). ‘+ The exam is developed with questions that will require a variety of approaches and methodologies, including design, analysis, and application. Some problems may require knowledge of engineering + The knowledge areas specified as examples of kinds of knowledge are not exclusive or eshaustive categories, + The specifications for the AM exam and the Geotechnical PM exam are included here. The design standards applicable tothe Geotechnical PM exam are shown on the last page. CIVIL BREADTH Exam Specifications Asproximate Rumber of ‘uestons Project Planning 4 A. Quantity take-off methods B. Cost estimating C. Project schedules D. Activity identification and sequencing |. Means and Methods 3 ‘A. Construction loads B. Construction methods . Temporary structures and facilities MI, Soll Mechanics 6 Lateral earth pressure B, Soil consolidation C. Effective and total stresses D. Bearing capacity E F > Foundation setlement Slope stability v vu. vi, Civ Bread Exam Speceatons Continued Structural Mechanics 6 ‘A Dead and ive loads ‘Trusses Bending (eg, moments and stresses) ‘heat (eg foros and stresses) ‘Asal (eg, frees and stresses) Combined stresses Deflection Beams Columns Shas Footings Retaining walls Hydraulics and Hydrology 1 ‘Openchantel flow Stormwater calletion and drainage (eg, culvert, stormater inlets, gutter flow, street flow, storm sewer pipes) Storm characteristics (eg, storm frequency, rainfall measurement and distribution) no mabe, Raton nd SCNRES etn yrgrapisplaton, runof time of concentration Detention retention ponds Pssur cont sl pe fos as, Haze-Wlams Dany Wei, 2 Baergy and/or continuity equation eg, Bernoull) Geometries a ‘A. Basiceroular curve elements (eg, middle ordinate, length, chord, radius) Basie vertical cure elements . Traffic volume (eg, vehile mix, low, and speed) Materials ‘ ‘A Soil lassifcation and boring log interpretation Soil properties (eg, strength, permeability, compressibility, phase relationships) Concrete (eg, nonreinforeed, reinforced) Structural ses! Material test methods and specication conformance Compaction ite Development : Excavation and embankment eg. cut and £1) Construction ste layout and control ‘Temporary and permanent sol erosion and sediment control (eg. contruction erosion eoatral and permits sediment transport, channel/otlel protection) Impact of construction on adjacent facies Safety (eg, construction, roadside, work zone) Precmosppe® pe S&F PS Pe mnooe pS PE Civil GEOTECHNICAL Depth Exam Specifications Approximate ‘imoer at ueebone Site Characterization 5 [A Interpretation of avalable existing site data and proposed site development data (ce, serial photography, geologl and topographic maps, GIS data, as-built plan, planting studies and reports) Subsurface exploration planning Goophysies e4, GPR, resistivity, seismic methods) es (eq, hollow stem auger, cased boring, mud rotary, ar rotary, ling) E. Sampling techniques (e, split-bare sampling, thin-walled tube sampling, Ihanding and storage) In situ asting (eg, standard penetration testing, cone penetration testing pressure meter testing, dilatometer testing, eld vane shear) 6. Description and classification of soils (eg, Burmeister, Unified Sol Classification ‘System, AASHTO, USDA) 1, Rock dssifcation and characterization (eg, recovery, rock quality designation, RMR, weathering, orientation) 1. Groundwater exploration, sampling and characterization Soll Mechanics, Laboratory Testing, and Analysis 5 Tadex properties and testing Strength esting of soil and rock Stres-stran testing of sol and rock Permeability testing properties of soil and rock fective and total stresses Fold Materials Testing, Methods, and Safety 3 ‘A. Exeavation and embankment, borrow source studies, laboratory and field compaction ', Trench and construction safety C. Geotechnical instrumentation (eg, inelinometer, settlement plats, pieomete, vibration monitoring) Earthquake Engineering and Dynamic Loads 2 ‘Av Liquefaction analysis and mitgation techniques B, Seiamie site characterization, including sit classification using ASCE 7 . Pscudo-static analysis and earthquake loads Earth Structures ‘ Av Shabon grade B. Ground improvement (eg, grouting, sol mixing, preconsoldatin,/ wick, lightweight materials) ©. Geosynthetic applications (eg, separation, strength, filtration, drainage, reinforeed si Slopes, internal stably of MSE) Slope stability and slope stabilization Earth dams, levees, and embankments Landfills and caps (e,intenfce stability, drainage systems, lining ystems) rpAEe apo vw vu. vm. Civi-Geotectncal Dep Exam Specgcatone Cominusd G. Pavement structures (rigid, flexible, or unpaved), including equivalent single- axle load (ESAL), pavement thickness, subgrade testing, subgrade preparation, ‘maintenance and rehabilitation treatments HL. Settlement Groundwater and Seepage 3 A. Seopage analysis/groundwater low 1B. Dewatering design, methods, and impact on nearby structures C. Drainage design infiltration D. Grouting and other methods of reducing seepage Problematic Soll and Rock Conditions 3 A. Karst; collapsible, expansive, and sensitive soils B. Reactive/corrosive soils C. Frost suseeptibil Earth Retaining Structures (ASD or LRFD) 5 A. Lateral earth pressure B. Load distribution C. Rigid retaining wall stability analysis (eg, CIP, gravity, external stability of MSE, erb, bin) D. Flexible retaining wall stability analysis (e.g, soldier pile and lagging, sheet pile, secant pile, tangent pile, diaphragm walls, temporary support of excavation, ‘raced and anchored walls) Cofferdams Underpinning (e4., effects on adjacent construction) Ground anchors ie-backs, sol nails, and rock anchors for fondations and slopes. ‘Shallow Foundations (ASD or LRFD) 5 AL Bearing capacity B. Settlement, inching vertial stress distribution, Deep Foundations (ASD or LRFD) 5 ‘AL Single-element axial capacity (e.g. driven pile, drilled shaft, micropile, helical serew piles, auger cast piles) Lateral oad and deformation analysis Single-clement settlement Downdrag, Group effects (eg, axial capacity, settlement, lateral deflection) Installation methods/hammer selection Pile dynamies (eg, wave equation, high-strain dynamic testing, signal matching) Pile and driled-shaft Toad testing Integrity testing methods (eg, low-strain impact integrity testing, ultrasonic cross-hole testing, coring, thermal integrity testing) on -zemepoes NCEES quam s NCES Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination GEOTECHNICAL Design Standards’ Effective Beginning withthe April 2018 Examinations ABBREVIATION DESIGN STANDARD TITLE ASCE7 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, 2010, American. Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA. OSHA 29 CFR Part 1926 _Safety and Health Regulations for Construction, US Department of Labor, ‘Washington, DC. US federal version. ‘Subpart P, Excavations, Part 1926.651: Specific Excavation Requirements ‘Subpart P, Excavations, Part 1926,652: Requirements for Protective Systems Note 1. Solutions to exam questions that reference a standard of practice are scored based on this list. Solutions based on other editions or standards will not receive credit PE OOO COE RRenrennnARaAnnaAnacan Stress Analysis Preparation for the PE Civil Engineering Exam Dr. Haku Israni, P.E. testmasters PROFESSIONAL EXAM PREPARATION STRESS ANALYSIS FOR PE CIVIL ENGINEERING SIMPLE STRESS Sess = Forse Normal Stress = where P=axial load A=cross sectional area Shear Stress r= where Y-=shear force Bearing Stress. 0, = £ where 4, =bearing area P <= 1 =thickness of plate dadiameter of rivet SIMPLE STRAIN Normal Strain where 5 elongation in length 1 Shear Strain NORMAL STRESS - STRAIN Relationshi Hooke’s Law _Smress Strain E where E =modulus of elasticity (formerly Young’s Modulus) stat Cony wa Teattasascom Als Reseed sma ale a NOTE: Be consistent in units. AE Shear Stress ~ Strain Relationship or Shear Modulus Material Constants Poisson’s ratio v varies from 1/4 to 1/3 for most metals. Relationship between E,G, and v for a material is given by ee 2(1+v)| Material Units: Steel | Aluminum | Cast Iron | Copper Modulus of | Mpsi 29.0 10.0 14.5 17.0 Elasticity, E [GPa 207.0 69.0 100.0 117.0 ‘Modulus of |_Mpsi 1S 38 60 [65 Rigidity, G GPa 80.0 26.0 a4 45.0 Poisson's Ratio. v 0.30 0.33 0.21 0.36 sta Ceoyitby mie Teatastrscom A ts Recon saz ‘Thermal stresses 6 salar where 4,

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