Section – 1

Introduction of Computer System

What Is Computer

Computer dk uke English Language ds

Compute Word ls fy;k x;k gSA ftldk
vFkZ gksrk gSA x.kuk]
blfy, Computer dk vFkZ gksrk gS
x.kuk djus okykA
vktdy iz;ksx fd;s tkus okys
Computer dk rkRi;Z ,d ,slh Electronic
Machine ls gS] tks fdlh Data dks
Store djds j[k ldrh gS vkSj vko’;drk
iM+us ij ml Data dh Processing djrs
gq, mldks iqu% Re- Produce dj ldrh
gSA Computer is an electronic
machine, which can do calculation on data, in addition computer can
store, Analyze, Process and Reproduce data.
Here DATA means “Any Information (Text Information, Visual
Information or Audio Information), stored on computer is called data”
like Songs, Video, Letter, Notes, Presentation, OS, Packages etc.

Computer is build up by many components; these components may be

divided in to Two categories

1. HARDWARE
2. SOFTWARE

1.HARDWARE
All components of the computer, which has their
physical condition, means they have weight, size and visible to eyes
directly is called Hardware.
For Example- Key Board, Mouse, Monitor, Printer etc
 Key board
Mouse

Monitor Printer

(Example of Hardware)

2.SOFTWARE-
The Programs and Codes, which are used to operate the
computer, are called Software, in addition all data generated by user is
also called software.
Software dose not have any physical condition and it is not visible
directly by eyes. For using of any software, we need a Computer System.

For Example: Windows-XP, MS-Office, Tally etc.

 Classification of Hardware and Softwares

Hardware and software can be classified again in many categories, as

shown in below Diagram-

COMPUTER

HARDWARE SOFTWARE

INPUT DEVICES OPERATING SYSTEM

OUTPUT DEVICES PACKAGE

STORAGE DEVICES TOOLS AND UTILITIES

HYBRID DEVICES

Classification Chart

INPUT DEVICE-
Hardware ds vUrxZr vkus okyh oks lHkh
devices ftuds }kjk Computer dks dk;Z djus ds fy, Command fn;s
tk ldrs gSA mu Devices dks Input Devices dgrs gS

tSls&

Key board, Mouse,

Light pen, Digitizer
Joy stick Bar Code Reader Touch Pad

OUTPUT DEVICE-
Hardware vUrxZr vkus okyh oks lHkh
Devices ftuds }kjk dEI;wVj dks fn;s x;s Command dk Output
çkIr gksrk gS os Devices Output Devices dgykrh gSA

tSls&

Monitor Printer Speaker

STORAGE DEVICES
All Devices used in Computer to store data, is called
storage devices.
For Example: Hard Disk, Compact Disk(CD), Digital Versatile Disk(DVD) and
Pen Drive etc
 Compact Disk Hard Disk Floppy Drive Pen Drive
HYBRID DEVICES
The Devices which are being used for
multipurpose are called hybrid devices.

For Example:

Multi Function Printer Touch Screen Monitor

SOFTWARE

Computer esa ç;ksx esa yk;s tkus okys Program rFkk Codes,
Software dgykrs gSA blds vfrfjDr store fd;k x;k Data Hkh Software
dgykrk gSA Software dh dksbZ HkkSfrd voLFkk ugha gksrh gS
bldk ç;ksx djus ds fy, rFkk bldks eglwl djus ds fy, Computer
System dk gksuk vko’;d gSA

Software dks eq[;r% rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA
 Operating System
 Package
 Tools and Utility

OPERATING SYSTEM
bl Program ds }kjk Computer esa yxs
çR;sd Hardware dks Control fd;k tkrk gS rFkk User }kjk fn;s x;s
Command dks le>dj mlh Command ds vuqlkj Output miyC/k
djkrk gSA
 Computer ds 'kq:vkrh pj.k ls ysdj vc rd dbZ çdkj ds Operating
System ç;ksx esa yk;s x;s gS ftudks eq[; :i ls nks Hkkxksa es
ckVWk x;k gSA

 CUIOS (Character User Interface Operating System)

 GUIOS (Graphical User Interface Operating System)

CUI OS-
bl Operating System esa dke djus ds fy, lHkh
Command, Text Form esa fn;s tkrs gSA ftlds fy, T;knkrj Key
board dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
bl O/S esa Output Hkh Text From esa çkIr gksrk gS bl çdkj ds
O/S esa dke djus ds fy, User dks dbZ çdkj ds Command ;kn
djus iM+rs gSA blhfy, budk Use vktdy cgqr de fd;k tkrk gS
ysfdu bl O/S dk lcls cM+k Qk;nk ;g gS fd blds fy, High end
rFkk egxsa Computer dh vko’;drk ugha gksrh gSA

GUI OS-
bl O/S esa Computer dks dk;Z djus ds fy, Geaphical
SCREEN Command fn;s tk ldrs gS blds fy, Mouse, Tough Pad,
Magnetic Pen dk Use fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl Operating System esa
dk;Z djus ds fy, User dks Command ;kn djus dh vko’;drk ugha
gksrh gS blhfy, bldk ç;ksx djuk vklku gksrk gS vkSj vktdy
T;knkrj blh O/S dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bl O/S dk ç;ksx djus
ds fy, Computer esa yxs lHkh Hardware High end (mPPk {kerk
okys) gksrs gSA blfy, bl O/S ij vk/kkfjr Computer egxsa gksrs
gSa bl çdkj ds Operating System ds mnkgj.k gSa& Windows 95,
Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista bR;kfnA
mijksDr lHkh Operating System Microsoft in corporation
ds }kjk Develop fd;s x;s gSA buds vfrfjDr vU; Companies Hkh
GUI O/S miyC/k djkrh gS tks fd eq[;r% fuEu gS- Mac O/S,
OS/2, Linux, Sco, Unixware.

PACKAGE-
Computer ij Basic Work dks NksM+dj vU; dk;Z
djus ds fy, ftl Software dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] mls Package dgrs
gS vyx&vyx dk;Z djus ds fy, vyx- vyx Package ç;ksx esa yk;s
tkrs gSA tSls& Banking ds dk;Z ds fy, Finacle and Bank Master,
 Photo Edit djus ds fy, Adobe Photo Shop rFkk Medical Services ds
fy, Radar uke ds Package ç;ksx esa yk;s tkrs gSA MS Office
Package dk ç;ksx Letter fy[kus] Balance Sheet cukus] Presention
cukus rFkk Website cukus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

TOOLS AND UTILITY-

;s os Software gksrs gS tks Machine dks
Running Condition esa cuk;s j[kus ds fy, lgk;rk djrs gS rFkk
Machine esa vkus okyh [kjkch dh iwoZ lwpuk User dks
miyC/k gSA tSls&

ANTI VIRUS: bl Program ds }kjk Computer System esa vkus

okys Virus dks Monitor djrs gq, lekIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

HARDWARE MONITOR –
bl Software ds }kjk Computer esa yxs
fofHkUu midj.kksa dh Monitoring dh tk ldrh gS rFkk fdlh
midj.k ds [kjkc gksus ij mldk irk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA

VIRUS-
;g ,d çdkj dk Intelligent Program gksrk gS tks vius vki Computer esa Install
gksdj Lor% gh Run gksrk jgrk gS ftlds dkj.k Computer esa Store dh xbZ File Delete
gks tkrh gS muds uke cny tkrs gSA ftlls Computer System esa vusd çdkj dh leL;k,
mRiUu gksrh gS] tSls- Store fd;k x;k Data u”"V gks tkuk] Machine dk /khjs dk;Z
djuk] Machine dh Booting cUn gks tkuk ;k Machine dk Hang gks tkuk bR;kfnA