NOME 

: MEZIANE
PRENOM : ISMAIL
GROUP: 3 L2 ELECTRONIQUE

“SOLAR BASED MOBILE CHARGER”

Introduction:
In today’s environment conscious world, a lot of interest is being taken in alternate forms of energy.
Solar power is a renewable source of energy, which has become increasingly popular in modern days.
Today 80% of the energy we use comes from fossil fuels and about 1% comes from solar energy. It is
estimated that the world’s oil reserves will last for 30 to 40 years, whereas solar energy is forever.
Solar energy has two big advantages over fossil fuels. The first is in the fact that it is renewable; it is
never going to run out. The second is its effect on the environment. Burning of fossil fuels introduces
many harmful pollutants into the atmosphere and contributes to global warming and acid rain. Solar
cell directly converts solar energy into electricity. The solar cells that are connected together make
up the solar panel. This can last up-to several decades without replacement. However, there is a
drawback of solar power: energy can be produced only in the presence of sunlight. To overcome this,
the solar panels are coupled with the rechargeable batteries, which can store excess power
generated and provide energy in the absence of sunlight. Solar energy has advantages over other
renewable energy sources including wind and water power: solar power is generated using solar
panels, which do not require any major mechanical parts, such as wind turbines. These mechanical
parts can breakdown and cause maintenance issues and can also be quite noisy. Both of these issues
are virtually non-existent with solar panels. This project aims at harvesting solar energy and storing it
in a rechargeable battery. Using this battery various low-voltage device can be charged. Also, the
charge in the battery is displayed on an LCD through a micro-controller.

Objectives:
 Solar energy as energy source.

 Rechargeable battery as storage device.

 Multi-voltage outputs.

 Charging of various low-voltage devices.

 Battery charge analyzer.

 Display of critical conditions of the battery.

Methodology:
Block Diagram:
The block diagram of solar mobile charger consists of solar panel with control unit, fixed voltage
regulators, rechargeable battery, ADC, Schmitt trigger, micro-controller and an LCD. The solar panel
of 12V, 10W is used, the output of which varies based on the intensity of incident light. This output is
regulated through a control unit and is stored in a battery. This battery produces an output of 12V
which can be used directly to charge the load. A 9V fixed output can be obtained by regulating the
voltage from battery using an L7809 voltage regulator and can be used to charge a 9V load. The
battery can be regulated further to obtain a 5V fixed output, using L7805 and charge a 5V load. The
5V output, so obtained, is also used to power-up the micro-controller, ADC, Schmitt trigger and the
LCD. The Schmitt trigger is used to trigger the ADC0808 which converts the analog voltage across the
battery terminals into digital. Micro-controller AT89S51 is used to display this charge on the LCD
JHD0161. The analysis of charge present in the battery is performed by scaling down the output of
rechargeable battery (12V) to 4.3V. The LCD displays the percentage of charge in the battery, and
critical conditions in the battery (if the battery is full, low, etc.)

Circuit Diagram:
The solar panel is used to charge the rechargeable battery. This rechargeable battery is interfaced
with the 78L05 and 78L09 voltage regulators to charge 5V, 9V, 12V loads. The 5V output is also used
to power-up the analyzer circuit. Analyzer circuit consists of Schmitt trigger, ADC, Micro-controller
and LCD. The Schmitt trigger CD4093 acts as the timer to ADC, generating a clock of 550kHz
frequency. The ADC analyzes the voltage across the battery terminals and converts it into digital
form. The micro-controller displays the charge in the battery on the LCD. It also displays whether the
battery is fully charged and if the battery charge is below 20%, stating “low battery”. The Schmitt
trigger frequency can be varied by varying the external resistor, capacitor values. The digitized output
from the ADC (AD0-AD7)

transfers the voltage across the battery terminals in digital form to the port 1 of the microcontroller.
The voltage-divider circuit scales-down the battery terminal voltage to a maximum of 5V. Based on
this voltage, the micro-controller analyzes the charge in the battery and displays this on the LCD
through port 2. The flowchart to analyze the charge in the rechargeable battery

Applications:
• To charge mobile phone and camera (digital as well as CC cameras). • MP3, CD and MD players can
be charged. • This device can also be used to charge batteries of portable DVD, smart card readers,
etc. • To charge laptop, I-pods, tablets, blue-tooth devices etc. • To power 2W bulbs in hut, bed-
lamps, low-watt lights, etc.

Conclusion:
Solar act as good power supplies in bright sunlight. The only problem is the unregulated voltage due
to the variation in intensity of light. Voltage regulator is used to solve this problem by regulating the
output voltage. The charge so obtained is stored in the battery and is given to the respective loads.
The charge present in this battery is analyzed and displayed on an LCD using a micro-controller.

Future scope:
• Solar energy can only be harnessed when it is daytime and sunny. To overcome this, solar panels
can be coupled with back-up battery which can store the excess power generated during the day and
use it to provide energy to system in the absence of sunlight. • The Lead-acid battery used in the
design is large in size and heavy in weight which makes the device non-portable. Hence a battery of
pocket size and optimal weight may be designed to make the device portable. 7 • The large size of
the solar panel makes the device bulky and non-portable. The solar panel should be fabricated to
cover the entire device, which can effectively reduce the size of the entire device.