 Definition of friction

Friction is the resistance created when one surface of an object moves

over another. It is not a fundamental force like gravity or electromagnetism.
Rather, scientists believe that it is a product of the electromagnetic
attraction between charged particles in two contact surfaces. It was
precisely in the fourteenth century that scientists began to compile the laws
that govern friction, and because the interactions are so complex,
describing the force of friction in different situations would require
experimentation, which cannot be drawn from the equations and laws
alone.

There are several exceptions to every general rule of friction, for example,
when two rough surfaces (such as sandpaper) are rubbed against each
other, more friction is generated by materials that are polished very
smoothly (such as glass dishes) that may stick together very strongly if
cleaned carefully from All surface particles.

 Types of friction

1. Dry friction: is the opposing force to the relative motion between two
solid surfaces in contact with each other. Dry friction is divided into
static friction between non-moving surfaces, and kinetic friction
(kinetic) between moving surfaces. With the exception of atomic or
molecular friction, friction generally arises from the interaction of
surface properties.
2. Fluid (wet) friction: describes the friction between layers of viscous
fluid that are in relative motion with each other.

3. Slippery (lubricant) friction: It is a state of fluid friction where an oily

fluid separates the two surfaces.
  The benefits and harms of friction
advantages of friction
Friction force is seen as a dissipating force, and hindering the movement of
objects, and when we calculate the work done against friction, we consider
it a lost work, and we try in many mechanical designs to reduce the friction
forces to the lowest possible level in order to achieve better performance of
machines and machines

If the friction disappears, then cars, trains and all means of transportation
must not be able to move because they move by means of friction between
the ground and the wheels. And even if it moved, it would not be able to
stop, because the brakes depend mainly on friction. People would not be
able to walk or even stand up properly, as if they were standing on an icy
floor. They will not be able to hold anything because it will slip out of their
hands. The mountains will crumble and no soil cover will remain on them,
and no building will remain intact, but rather will be destroyed. The bound
cords will be loosened. All due to slip and lack of friction. In short, life is
impossible without friction.

Friction important benefits; It makes the wheels of the car move on the
sidewalk, and makes the wheels of the locomotive hold on to the railway
rails. It allows for the conduct of the carrier that runs the roller without
slippage. And you cannot walk without friction to prevent your shoes from
sliding on the sidewalk. That is why it is difficult to walk on ice; As the
smooth surface causes less friction from the pavement, thus allowing the
shoes to slip. It stabilizes the soil on the surface of the mountains and
stabilizes buildings and makes them standing. And it makes the tied ropes
stay fixed. In addition to dozens if not hundreds of other benefits.
Disadvantages of friction

Despite the importance of friction and the impossibility of living without it, as
we have seen, it has many disadvantages that may lead to great damage
in the long run. Work done by friction is converted into deformation and
heat. In machines, friction causes a large part of the expended energy to
waste. And it turns it into thermal energy that requires more cooling. And
sometimes friction causes some objects to melt and leads to deformation,
and deformation in bodies is a trait associated with friction. Although it may
be useful in some cases (such as smoothing objects). However, it is usually
a problem, because bodies wear out and lose their durability, and some
machines may malfunction. In the long term, it can affect the surface
properties and may affect the friction coefficient itself, and you can see this
yourself in old car tires, as their surface is smooth. These are the
disadvantages of friction in practical life. Friction has had and still has a
negative effect on the development of science. The laws of motion have
been delayed for many years due to friction. And because the heat and
motion generated by friction dissipate rapidly, many ancient philosophers
(including Aristotle) concluded that moving bodies lose their energy without
an opposing force. This false theory would not have been formulated
without friction.

 Methods for reducing friction

It is possible to reduce the force of friction on a surface by polishing it and
making it smooth to the touch, and oils and greases, such as those used in
many moving mechanical parts, can also be used side by side in cars and
machinery, and it is also used when moving heavy pieces to place wheels
under them to reduce friction and thus facilitate their movement. Friction
can also be reduced in shape designs, for example airplanes have a
streamlined shape that reduces the body's air resistance and thus reduces
friction

 Friction applications
1. The friction between the tires of the car and the road when the car is
moving is kinetic friction
2. Friction between the hand and the water bottle when carrying static
friction
3. Honey is a viscous fluid, and water is less viscous. This means that
because the internal friction between honey particles is greater, it will
take longer to flow out of the bottle compared to water, which will
slide more easily. Fluid friction