ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY LAB

COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

(GROUP No.11)
SECTION: A

Civil Engineering Department, University of

Engineering and Technology, Lahore
GROUP MEMBERS:

2018-CD-CIV-2

2018-CIV-290

2018-CIV-292

2018-CD-CIV-1

2018-R-2015-CIV-105

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Table of Contents
1. PROBLEM NO. 01 ............................................................................................................................. 4
1.1. objectives ...................................................................................................................... 4
1.2. Related Theory ............................................................................................................... 4
1.2.1 Hydrograph ....................................................................................................... 4
1.2.3 Factors affecting the shape of Hydrograph ...................................................... 4
1.2.4 Parts of shape of Hydrograph ........................................................................... 5
1.2.5 Uses of Hydrograph .......................................................................................... 6
1.2.6 Software Used (HEC-HMS) ................................................................................ 6
1.3. Solution and methodology............................................................................................. 6
2. PROBLEM NO. 02 ........................................................................................................................... 17
2.1. Objectives .................................................................................................................... 18
2.2. Related Theory ............................................................................................................. 18
2.2.1 Frequency Analysis ......................................................................................... 18
2.2.2 100-Years flood ............................................................................................... 18
2.2.3 50-years flood ................................................................................................. 19
2.3. Solution and Methodology .......................................................................................... 19
2.4. Comments .................................................................................................................... 20
3. REFERENCES

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 Complex engineering problem

(Group No. 11)

1. QUESTION: 1
For a proposed dam site, you are assigned to compute design flood hydrograph
using HEC-HMS using the given Design Rainfall Hyetograph. The catchment area
of the river at the proposed dam site is 1500+50xRoll no. Km2. The catchment area
consists of 20 % agricultural land, 20 % low density residential area (with 25 %
imperviousness), 30 % commercial land (with 85% imperviousness) and 30%
forest land. Soil in the catchment has moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly
wetted. Also derive Unit hydrograph for the given catchment area based on
computed design hydrograph. Use of modern computing tools for rainfall runoff
modeling will be encouraged.

1.1 OBJECTIVES:
For the dam site with specific land use, we have to plot the flood hydrograph using
HEC-HMS using the design rainfall hyetograph.

1.2 RELATED THEORY:

1.2.1 HYDROGRAPH:
Hydrograph is the relationship of hydrologic parameters with time.

1.2.2 FACTORS AFFECTING THE SHAPE OF HYDROGRAPH

The main factors affecting the shape of hydrograph are basically two, the climatic
factors and second are the physiographical factors. Climatic factors include the
amount of rainfall, intensity and duration of rainfall, while physical characteristics
of the watershed include the shape of the basin, slope of the watershed, surface
conditions of the catchment and soil types in the watershed

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1.2.3 PARTS OF HYDROGRAPH

1.2.4 USES OF HYDROPH

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1.2.5. SOFTWARE USED:
HEC-HMS
The Hydrologic Modeling System is designed to simulate the precipitation-runoff
processes of dendritic watershed systems. It is designed to be applicable in a wide
range of geographic areas for solving the widest possible range of problems. This
includes large river basin water supply and flood hydrology, and small urban or
natural watershed runoff. Hydrographs produced by the program are used directly
or in conjunction with other software for studies of water availability, urban
drainage, flow forecasting, future urbanization impact, reservoir spillway design,
flood damage reduction, floodplain regulation, and systems operation

1.2.6 FACTORS AFFECTING THE SHAPE OF HYDROGRAPH

Factors affecting the shape of hydrograph The main factors affecting the shape of
hydrograph are basically two, the climatic factors and second are the
physiographical factors. Climatic factors include the amount of rainfall, intensity
and duration of rainfall, while physical characteristics of the watershed include the
shape of the basin, slope of the watershed, surface conditions of the catchment and
soil types in the watershed.

SOLUTION AND METHODLOGY:

ROLL NO. 2018-CD-CIV-2

1. Find the area of watershed using roll no.

ROLL NO. = 2
AREA = 1500 + 50(2) km2
= 1600 km2

2. Calculate the weighted curve number

weighted
Land Use Category Curve Number %age of area AREA area X CN Curve
Number
Agriculture B 75 20 320 24000
Low Density 73.1
Residential Area B 70 20 320 22400

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 Commercial Land B 92 30 480 44160
Forest land B 55 30 480 26400

Curve Number = CN = 73.1

S = potential maximum retention after runoff begins = (1000/CN) -10
= (1000/73.1) -10
= 3.6789
Initial abstraction = Ia = 0.2 S
= 0.2 X 3.6789
=0.7359
3. Output from HEC-HMS
Ordinates of
Precipitation Loss Excesses Direct flow Base flow Total flow
time UNIT
mm mm mm M3/s M3/s M3/s
HYDROGRAPH
9:00 0 2 2 0
10:00 5 2.41 2.59 10 2 12 1913.22986
11:00 7 2.99 4.01 46.8 2 48.8 8953.915745
12:00 5 1.9 3.1 111.5 1.9 113.4 21332.51294
13:00 6 2.06 3.94 198.2 1.9 200.1 37920.21583
14:00 12 3.55 8.45 323.3 1.9 325.2 61854.72138
15:00 15 3.59 11.41 515.5 1.9 517.4 98626.99929
16:00 19 3.6 15.4 797.7 1.9 799.6 152618.3459
17:00 22 3.23 18.77 1188.7 1.9 1190.5 227425.6335
18:00 25 2.85 22.15 1697.1 1.8 1698.9 324694.2396
19:00 29 2.55 26.45 2329.3 1.8 2331.1 445648.6313
20:00 34 2.3 31.7 3102.6 1.8 3104.4 593598.6964
21:00 39 2.02 36.98 4038.7 1.8 4040.5 772696.1436
22:00 45 1.78 43.22 5151.4 1.8 5153.1 985581.2301
23:00 49 1.49 47.51 6439.4 1.8 6441.1 1232005.236
0:00 55 1.29 53.71 7892.8 1.7 7894.5 1510074.064
1:00 45 0.85 44.15 9442.3 1.7 9444 1806529.031
2:00 34 0.55 33.45 10957.6 1.7 10959.3 2096440.752
3:00 32 0.45 31.55 12349.4 1.7 12351.1 2362724.083
4:00 26 0.33 25.67 13558.7 1.7 13560.4 2594090.97
5:00 22 0.26 21.74 14513.3 1.7 14515 2776727.893
6:00 21 0.23 20.77 15169.5 1.6 15171.2 2902274.036

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 7:00 13 0.14 12.86 15486.3 1.6 15487.9 2962885.158
8:00 11 0.11 10.89 15425.1 1.6 15426.7 2951176.192
9:00 6 0.06 5.94 14984.8 1.6 14986.4 2866936.681
10:00 5 0.05 4.95 14206.3 1.6 14207.8 2717991.736
11:00 4 0.04 3.96 13146.7 1.6 13148.3 2515265.9
12:00 3 0.03 2.97 11863.4 1.6 11864.9 2269741.112
13:00 2 0.02 1.98 10418.4 1.5 10419.9 1993279.397
14:00 2 0.02 1.98 8883.7 1.5 8885.3 1699656.011
15:00 1 0.01 0.99 7352.3 1.5 7353.9 1406663.99
16:00 1 0.01 0.99 5949.5 1.5 5951 1138276.105
17:00 1 0.01 0.99 4750.3 1.5 4751.8 908841.5805
232300.6 44444444.44

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Unit hydrograph

1 hour UHG
3500000

3000000

2500000

2000000

1500000

1000000

500000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

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 ROLL NO. 2018-CIV-290
Area =16000 km2
Curve Number = CN = 73.1
S = potential maximum retention after runoff begins = (1000/CN) -10
= (1000/73.1) -10
= 3.6789
Initial abstraction = Ia = 0.2 S
= 0.2 X 3.6789
=0.7359
Output from HEC-HMS

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 2018-CIV-292

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 2018-CD-CIV-1

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COMMENTS:
Large basins receive more precipitation than small therefore have larger runoff.
Impermeable surfaces, creating a steep rising limb and shortening the time lag

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2. QUESTION NO. 02
The flood data recorded at another Dam site is provided. Applying Flood
Frequency Analysis Compute 50 year and 100 year return period floods.
Flood Data
Discharge
Year (m3/sec)
1990 100
1991 130
1992 150
1993 250
1994 260
1995 280
1996 300
1997 350
1998 340
1999 320
2000 120
2001 150
2002 190
2003 220
2004 450
2005 400
2006 410
2007 245
2008 266
2009 293
2010 345
2011 390
2012 310
2013 335
2014 315
2015 125
2016 100
2017 105
2018 133
2019 244
2020 267

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2.1. OBJECTIVES:
Discharge through floods in different years is given and we have to apply the
frequency analysis to get the discharge of 50- and 100-years flood

2.2 RELATED THEORY:

2.2.1 FREQUENCY ANALYSIS:

Flood frequency analysis provides information about potential floods based on
either current or forecast conditions. It also uses information from past floods to
update statistical representations of possible future flood events

2.2.2. 100 YEARS FLOOD

A 100-year flood is a flood event that has a 1 in 100 chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given
year. The 100-year flood is also referred to as the 1% flood, since its annual exceedance probability is 1%

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 2.3. SOLUTION:
Discharge m, Return Period Frequency
in order C=0.965
Year Discharge Allen Gumbell of
Descendi Num California, weibul X(m/N)^0.
Hazen Method occurrence
ng order ber 38
T=2N/(2 T=N/(m+C
(m3/sec) (m3/sec)
T=N/m m-1) T=(N+1)/m -1)
1990 100 450 1 31.00 62.00 32.00 0.2617 118.4546 0.8442
1991 130 410 2 15.50 20.67 16.00 0.3406 23.1246 4.3244
1992 150 400 3 10.33 12.40 10.67 0.3973 12.9312 7.7332
1993 250 390 4 7.75 8.86 8.00 0.4432 9.0033 11.1071
1994 260 350 5 6.20 6.89 6.40 0.4824 6.9159 14.4594
1995 280 345 6 5.17 5.64 5.33 0.5170 5.6190 17.7968
1996 300 340 7 4.43 4.77 4.57 0.5482 4.7341 21.1233
1997 350 335 8 3.88 4.13 4.00 0.5767 4.0915 24.4411
1998 340 320 9 3.44 3.65 3.56 0.6031 3.6033 27.7521
1999 320 315 10 3.10 3.26 3.20 0.6278 3.2198 31.0574
2000 120 310 11 2.82 2.95 2.91 0.6509 2.9105 34.3579
2001 150 300 12 2.58 2.70 2.67 0.6728 2.6557 37.6543
2002 190 293 13 2.38 2.48 2.46 0.6936 2.4422 40.9471
2003 220 280 14 2.21 2.30 2.29 0.7134 2.2606 44.2368
2004 450 267 15 2.07 2.14 2.13 0.7324 2.1042 47.5237
2005 400 266 16 1.94 2.00 2.00 0.7505 1.9682 50.8082
2006 410 260 17 1.82 1.88 1.88 0.7680 1.8488 54.0904
2007 245 250 18 1.72 1.77 1.78 0.7849 1.7431 57.3706
2008 266 245 19 1.63 1.68 1.68 0.8012 1.6488 60.6490
2009 293 244 20 1.55 1.59 1.60 0.8170 1.5643 63.9257
2010 345 220 21 1.48 1.51 1.52 0.8322 1.4881 67.2008
2011 390 190 22 1.41 1.44 1.45 0.8471 1.4190 70.4745
2012 310 150 23 1.35 1.38 1.39 0.8615 1.3560 73.7468
2013 335 150 24 1.29 1.32 1.33 0.8756 1.2984 77.0180
2014 315 133 25 1.24 1.27 1.28 0.8893 1.2455 80.2879
2015 125 130 26 1.19 1.22 1.23 0.9026 1.1968 83.5568
2016 100 125 27 1.15 1.17 1.19 0.9156 1.1517 86.8247
2017 105 120 28 1.11 1.13 1.14 0.9284 1.1100 90.0916
2018 133 105 29 1.07 1.09 1.10 0.9409 1.0712 93.3576
2019 244 100 30 1.03 1.05 1.07 0.9531 1.0350 96.6227
2020 267 100 31 1.00 1.02 1.03 0.9650 1.0011 99.8871

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We will use gumbell method for further analysis.

Plot the graph between return period and discharge

700

600
y = 84.409ln(x) + 169.93

500
Discharge (m3/s)

400

300

200

100

0
1.0000 10.0000 100.0000 1000.0000
Return Period (years)

From the graph, equation of trend line is

y = 84.409ln(x) + 169.93

for 50 year Return period

x= 50
discharge = 500.1399499 m3/s
for 100 year Return period
x= 100
discharge = 655.8129626 m3/s

2.4 COMMENTS ON RESULTS:

We observed that the flood that has lesser discharge has the highest frequency of
occurrence and the flood with highest discharge has the lowest frequency of
occurrence.

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REFERENCES:
Tsakiris, G. Flood risk assessment: Concepts, modeling, applications.Nat. Hazards Earth Syst.
Sci.2014,14, 1361
Ward, A.; Moran, M. A novel approach for estimating the recurrence intervals of channel-
forming discharges.Water2016,8, 269
http://ftp.comet.ucar.edu/memory-stick/hydro/basic_int/unit_hydrograph/print.htm

http://ftp.comet.ucar.edu/memory-stick/hydro/basic_int/flood_frequency/print.htm#page_1.1.0

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Information_needed_to_perform_flood_frequency_analysis

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