Chapter 13 (3rd edition)

13.18 moles of solute

molality
mass of solvent (kg)
a. 1.08 g
mass of 1 L soln 1000 mL 1080 g
1 mL

58.44 g NaCl
mass of water 1080 g 2.55 mol NaCl 0.931 kg
1 mol NaCl

molality = 20.931
.55 mol NaCl
kg H O
2.74 m
2

b.100 g of the solution contains 45.2 g KBr and 54.8 g H2O.

1 mol KBr
mol of KBr 45.2 g KBr 0.380 mol KBr
119.0 g KBr

1 kg
mass of H 2 O (in kg) 54.8 g H 2 O 0.0548 kg H 2 O
1000 g

0.380 mol KBr

molality = 0.0548 kg H 6.93 m
2O

13.32 The amount of salt dissolved in 100 g of water is:

3.20 g salt
100 g H 2 O 35.2 g salt
9.10 g H2 O

Therefore, the solubility of the salt is 35.2 g salt/100 g H2O.

13.35 First, calculate the Henry's law constant, k, using the
concentration of CO2 in water at 1 atm.

c 0.034 mol/L
k 0.034 mol/L atm
P 1 atm

For atmospheric conditions we write:

c kP (0.034 mol/L atm)(0.00030 atm) 1.0

10 5 mol/L

13.57 The first step is to find the number of moles of sucrose and of
water.
1 mol
Moles sucrose 396 g 1.16 mol sucrose
342.3 g

1 mol
Moles water 624 g 34.6 mol water
18.02 g

The mole fraction of water is:

34.6 mol
H 2O 0.968
34.6 mol 1.16 mol

The vapor pressure of the solution is found as follows:

Psolution H 2O PH 2O (0.968)(31.8 mmHg) 30.8 mmHg

13.63 Tf 1.1 C
m = 0.59 m
Kf 1.86 C/m

13.78 The freezing point will be depressed most by the solution that
contains the most solute particles. Classify each solute as a strong
electrolyte, a weak electrolyte, or a nonelectrolyte. All three
solutions have the same concentration, so comparing the solutions is
straightforward. HCl is a strong electrolyte, so under ideal
conditions it will completely dissociate into two particles per
molecule. The concentration of particles will be 1.00 m. Acetic
acid is a weak electrolyte, so it will only dissociate to a small extent.
The concentration of particles will be greater than 0.50 m, but less
than 1.00 m. Glucose is a nonelectrolyte, so glucose molecules
remain as glucose molecules in solution. The concentration of
particles will be 0.50 m. For these solutions, the order in which the
freezing points become lower is:

0.50 m glucose > 0.50 m acetic acid > 0.50 m HCl

The HCl solution will have the lowest freezing point (greatest
freezing point depression).
13.83 First, from the freezing point depression we can calculate the
molality of the solution. See Table 13.2 of the text for the normal
freezing point and Kf value for benzene.

Tf (5.5 4.3) C 1.2 C

Tf 1.2 C
m 0.23 m
Kf 5.12 C/m

Multiplying the molality by the mass of solvent (in kg) gives moles
of unknown solute. Then, dividing the mass of solute (in g) by the
moles of solute, gives the molar mass of the unknown solute.

0.23 mol solute

? mol of unknown solute 0.0250 kg benzene
1 kg benzene

0.0058 mol solute

2.50 g
molar mass of unknown 4.3 102 g/mol
0.0058 mol

The empirical molar mass of C6H5P is 108.1 g/mol. Therefore, the

molecular formula is (C6H5P)4 or C24H20P4.