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Conversion Factors

Length Mass
1 inch (in.) = 2.540 cm 1 pound (lb) = 453.592 g
1 foot (ft) = 0.3048 m 1 kg = 2.2046 lb
1 yard (yd) = 0.9144 m 1 metric ton (ton) = 1000 kg = 2204.622 lb
1 mile (mi) = 1.6093 km
1 nautical mile = 1.852 km Density
1 meter (m) = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in. 1 lb/ft3 = 16.018 kg/m3
1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3 = 62.428 lb/ft3
Area
Concentration
1 square inch (in.2 ) = 6.452 cm2
1 g/L = 1000 g/m3 = 1 ppt
1 square foot (ft2 ) = 0.0929 m2
1 mg/L = 1 g/m3 = 1 ppm
1 hectare (ha) = 10,000 m2 = 2.471 ac
1 μg/L = 1 mg/m3 = 1 ppb
1 square kilometer (km2 ) = 0.3861 mi2
1 acre (ac) = 43,560 ft2 = 0.404685 ha
Temperature
Degrees Celsius (∘ C) = 59 [T(∘ F) − 32]
Volume
Degrees Fahrenheit (∘ F) = 95 T(∘ C) + 32
1 cubic foot (ft3 ) = 7.4805 gal = 28.32 L = 0.02832 m3
1 cubic meter (m3 ) = 35.3147 ft3 = 264.172 gal Force
= 1000 liters (L)
1 Newton (N) = 1 kg m/s2 = 1 × 105 dyne
1 gallon = 3.785 L = 0.134 ft3
1 dyne (dyn) = 1 g cm/s2
1 barrel oil (bbl) = 0.15899 m3 = 42 gal
Pressure
Velocity 1 atmosphere = 76.0 cmHg = 33.8995 ftH2 O (0 ∘ C)
1 foot/second (ft/s) = 0.6818 mph = 0.3048 m/s = 101.325 kPa
= 16.364 mi/day 1 Pascal (Pa) = 1 N/m2
1 meter/second (m/s) = 3.2808 ft/s = 86.4 km/day
= 2.237 mph Energy
1 mile/hour (mph) = 1.609 km/h = 1.467 ft/s 1 calorie (cal) = 4.1868 J
= 0.4470 m/s 1 Joule (J) = 1 W s = 1 N m
1 knot = 1 nautical mile/h = 1.688 ft/s = 1.151555 mph 1 kilowatt hour (kWh) = 3600 kJ = 860 kcal
= 1.853248 km/h
Heat flux
1 langley/day = 1 cal/(cm2 day) = 0.4846 W/m2
Flow Rate
1 cubic foot/second (cfs) = 0.028316 m3 /s Power
1 cubic meter/second (cms) = 35.315 cfs 1 Watt (W) = 1 J/s = 1.34 × 10−3 horsepower (hp)

Hydrodynamics and Water Quality: Modeling Rivers, Lakes, and Estuaries, Second Edition. Zhen-Gang Ji.
© 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Companion Website: www.wiley.com/go/ji/hydrodynamics_water_quality