German.GrammarGuide German Defenite Articles Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural ] Nominative Case_| Der Die Das [Die [The | Accusative Case _| Den. Die’ Das Die [The | Dative Case Dem Der Dem Den | Tothe | Genitive Cases | Des Der Des [Der | Of The | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter Nominative Case_| ein eine ein aan ‘Accusative Case _| einen eine ein aan Dative Case einem einer einem | Toa, fop an Genitive Cases | eines einer eines | Of a, of an German pronouns Pronouns | Nominative Pronouns | Accusative 1 singular_| ich 18 singular_| mich 2 singular_| du 2* singular_| dich 3%singular_| sie 3% singular_| sie 1 plural—_| wir 7 plural_| uns 2 plural—_| ihr 2* plural | euch 3% plural | sie plural | sie Pronouns _| Dative 7 singular | mir Pronouns | Genetive 7 singular_| mein- 2" singular | dir o 2 singular_| dein- 5 3 singular_| ifr 3 singular_| ihr- 1 plural uns: s 2 plural [euch plural__| unser- 2 plural__| eur- 7 plural 37 plural ihnen 2 pug eur Conjugate haben/sein Haben | To have Sein [Tobe ich habe | Thave Ich bin | Tam (ly) ( du hast | You have Du bist | You are (You.informal) (You,informal) erlsie/es hat | He/She/It EV/Sie/Es ist__| He/She/ Tt (he,she.it) has (he,she,it) is wir haben | We have Wir sind | We are (we) (we) ihr habt | You have thr seid | You are (you, informal, plural) (you, informal,plural) sie haben | They have sie sind | They are (they) (they) Sie haben | You have Sie sind | You are (you.formal) (you,formal)Perfect Tense of German Verbs As a general rule, in German the Perfect ense is used when Talking conversationally about events in the past, rather than when writing about them, As in English, the Perfect Tonse in German needs two verb parts. They are: an auxiliary (helping) ver {it's a form of haben or sein), and the past participle of the verb, Ich habe FuBball gespielt. (I have played football) Past participle: Strong verbs usually have a past participle that ends in -en, but you have to lear the participle of each verb, e.g. fahren - gefahren, gehen - gegangen, schwimmen - geschwommen. The past participle of strong verbs is listed in the Table of Strong Verbs, which includes almost all strong verbs. Weak verbs form their past participle by putting ge- before the stem of the verb and -t on the end of the stem. Ifthe stem ends in a -t ord, you insert an -e- between the stem and that letter. @.g. machen - gemacht, sammeln - gesammelt, spielen - gospialt, arbeiten - goarbsitet the non-conjugated form of a verb word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea A verb= word used primarily to indicate a type of action, such as to fly or to wish, though it may also be used to indicate a general state of existenca, such as to live. A pronoun =can replace a noun or another pronoun. An adjective =modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. Ina sentence, every verb must have a subject. If the verb expresses action—lke sneeze, jump, bark, or study—the subject is who or what does the verb, A direct object will follow a transitive verb [a type of action verb]. Direct objects can be nouns, pronouns, phrases, or clauses. If you can identify the subject and verb in a sentence, then finding the direct objact—if one exists—is easy. Just remember this simple formula, An indirect object precedes the direct object and tells to whom or for whom the action of the verb is done and who is receiving the direct object. There must be a direct object to have an indirect object. Indirect objects are usually found with verbs of giving or communicating like give, bring, tel, show, take, or offer. An indirect object is always a noun or pronoun which is not part of a prepositional phrase, A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the abiect of the preposition. The Rule of all Rules German nouns ending ino are usually neuter: das Auto, Biro, Kasino, Konto, Radio. ‘Some of the exceptions are very common: die Avocado, der Euro, die Limo, der Zoo. German nouns ending in -ik are usually feminine: die Grammatik, Grafik, Klinik, Mathematik Another German feminine noun suffix is the -in ending, An -er ending usually indicates a masculine noun. However, some common nouns ending in -er are not masculine: das Fenster, die Mutter, die Schwester, die Tochter, das Wetter.