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8.0 Experiment On Determination of Acidity of Water: Sl. No
8.0 Experiment On Determination of Acidity of Water: Sl. No
Preamble
8.1 Aim
8.2 Introduction
8.3 Principle
8.5.1 Precautions
8.6 Procedure
8.7 Calculation
8.7.1 Table
8.9 Inference
8.10 Evaluation
8.0 EXPERIMENT ON DETERMINATION OF ACIDITY OF
WATER
PREAMBLE:
“How to determine acidity in Water and Wastewater”.
Test procedure is in accordance to IS: 3025 (Part 22) - Reaffirmed 2003.
In addition to our Indian Standard, we also discuss in brief regarding the
procedure stated in
(1) APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater - 20th
Edition. Method 2310.
(2) Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, EPA-600/4-79-020,
USEPA, Method 305.1.
8.1 AIM
To determine the acidity of given water sample sample with the stipulations as
per IS: 3025 (Part 22) - Reaffirmed 2003.
8.2 INTRODUCTION
8.3 PRINCIPLE
1. Sodium Hydroxide
2. Phenolphthalein
3. Methyl Orange
4. Ethyl alcohol
5. Distilled Water
8.5 SAMPLE HANDLING AND PRESERVATION
• Colored and turbid samples may interfere in end point. Those samples
may be analyzed electrometrically, using pH meter.
• Do not keep the indicator solution open since it contains the alcohol which
tense to evaporate. The mixed indicator solution is containing die in it.
Care should be taken so that it is not spill to your skin. If it spills on your
skin the scare will remain for at least 2 to 3 days.
• Presence of residual chlorine may interfere in the colour response, which
can be nullified by addition of small amount of sodium thiosulphate or
destroy it with ultraviolet radiation.
• Presence of iron and aluminum sulphate may interfere in the colour
response while titrating in room temperature, which can be nullified by
titrating the sample at boiling temperature.
• Dissolved gases contributing to acidity such as CO2, H2S may interfere in
the titration, hence avoid vigorous shaking.
• Samples suspected to have hydrolysable metal ions or reduced forms of
polyvalent cations need hydrogen per oxide treatment.
8.6 PROCEDURE
• Rinse the burette with 0.02N sodium hydroxide and then discard the
solution.
• Fill the burette with 0.02N sodium hydroxide and adjust the burette.
• Fix the burette to the stand.
• A sample size is chosen as the titre value does not exceed 20mL of the
titrant. For highly concentrated samples, dilute the sample. Usually, take
100 mL of a given sample in a conical flask using pipette.
• Add few drops of methyl orange indicator in the conical flask.
• The colour changes to orange. Now titrate the sample against the 0.02N
sodium hydroxide solution until the orange colour faints.
• Note down the volume (V1) consumed for titration 0.4mL. This volume is
used for calculating the mineral acidity.
• To the same solution in the conical flask add few drops of phenolphthalein
indicator.
• Continue the titration, until the colour changes to faint pink colour.
• Note down the total volume (V2) consumed for titration 2.3 mL. This
volume is used for calculating the total acidity.
• Repeat the titration for concordant values.
8.7 CALCULATION
8.7.1 TABLE
• The volume of NaOH (V1) consumed to get the end point is 0.4 mL.
• For second and third titration the burette reading is same so we have
achieved concordant values. We can go for the calculations.
Table -2 Total Acidity:
• The volume of NaOH (V2) consumed to get the end point is 2.3 mL.
• For second and third titration the burette reading is same so we have
achieved concordant values. We can go for the calculations.
8.7.2 DATA SHEET
DETERMINATION OF ACIDITY
DATA SHEET
Model Calculation:
Volume of NaOH for Mineral Acidity (V1) = 0.5 mL
Volume of NaOH for Total Acidity (V2) = 8.3 mL
Normality of Sulphuric Acid = 0.02 N
Volume of Sample = 100.0 mL
Equivalent weight of CaCO3 = 50
To convert the sample size from mL to L, multiply the result by 1,000 mL/L
8.9 INFERENCE
Acidity is a measure of an aggregate property of water and can be interpreted in
terms of specific substances only when the chemical composition of the sample
is known. Acidity may contribute to corrosiveness and influence chemical
reaction rates, chemical speciation and biological process. The measurement
also reflects a change in the quality of the source water. Strong mineral acids,
weak acids such as carbonic acid, acetic acid and hydrolyzing salts such as iron
or aluminum sulphates may contribute to the measured acidity
.
8.10 EVALUATION
1. Acidity is _____.
a) True
b) False
a) 20 mL
b) 2 mL
c) 0.2 mL
d) 0.02 mL
5. The major acidic component of surface water is
a) Dissolved oxygen
b) Dissolved carbon di oxide
c) Dissolved sulphur di oxide
d) Dissolved nitrous oxide
a) Temperature
b) Hardness
c) Residual Chlorine
d) Conductivity
a) 3.7
b) 3.9
c) 4.5
d) 4.7
a) 8.3
b) 9.3
c) 4.3
d) 7.3
a) Organic free
b) CO2 free
c) O2 free
d) Ordinary
a) pH meter
b) Conductivity meter
c) Turbidity meter
d) Spectrometer
KEY TO ITEMS:
1) a
2) True
3) a
4) b
5) b
6) c
7) a
8) a
9) b
10) a