EARTH SCIENCE Activity Sheet

Quarter 2 – WEEK 1
Rock Weathering and Heat in the
Earth’s Interior

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

 Learning Activity Sheets
Name of Learner________________________ Grade and Section________________
Date: ______________

ACTIVITY SHEET
Lesson 1: Weathering
I. Learning Competency with Code
Describe how rocks undergo weathering. (S11ES-11a-22)

II. Background Information for Learners.

The Earth is surrounded by so much mystery and wonders. Have you ever wondered
how those magnificent landmarks were made/ Have you ever been curious about the
roles of rocks in our planets?
Weathering s the disintegration of rocks, soil, and minerals together with other
materials through contact with Earth’s subsystems. This is possible through the
following agents: water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals and changes in temperature.
The more exposed the rock is to weathering the more it becomes very vulnerable to
breaking.
Once rocks have been broken down into tiny pieces, a process called erosion
transport them away into different areas. The process of weathering and erosion is
responsible for the creation of some famous landmarks around the world like
Kapurpurawan Rock formations in Ilocos Norte. Weathering happens even without
movement or transport.
One of the most natural creation resulted from erosion is the canyon or a deep, narrow
channel with steep sides. A river canyon is made when the pressure from a river cuts
deep into the river bed. The sediments then from the river were carried downstream
(erosion) which resulted to the creation of canyons. The river that lies down at the
bottom is the canyon.

Two types of weathering exist:

A. Physical weathering also known as mechanical weathering disintegrates rocks,
breaking smaller fragments from a larger block or outcrop of rock. The process
only changes the physical appearance and does not alter any of its composition
some cases water, wind or ice may abrade or scrape rocks or soil. Example of
rocks by mechanical forces concentrated along rock fractures. This can occur due
to changes whether sudden or not in temperature, pressure, etc.
The following process contributes to the physical weathering of rocks:
1.Frost wedging – happens when water gets inside the cracks of rocks. The water
inside the rock freezes which cause the rock expansion. The cracks get deepen
and more water enter and freezes. The alternate freezing and thawing episodes
break the rock into smaller pieces along the joint lines.
2. Abrasion – takes place when rocks wear away because of constant collision of
loose particles.
3. Biological Activity – this include plants and animals as agents of weathering.
Biological activity includes plants and animals as agents of weathering. For
example, when roots of plants grow, they exert more pressure to rocks which
 causes them to slowly break. Animals like rabbits can move rock fragments as they
dig into the soil.
4. Salt crystal growth – Where the force of salt crystal, formed when water
evaporates from the rock’s pores or cracks, causes the rock to fall apart.

B. Chemical weathering is the process by which rocks break down by chemical

reaction. In this process new or secondary minerals develop and sometimes
replace the original properties of the minerals in the original rock or soil. In
chemical weathering, ions from a rock are either released into water or recombine
with other substances to from new materials such as clay minerals. The most
important catalysts and reactive agents performing chemical weathering are water,
oxygen, and carbon dioxide all of which are common in soil, precipitation, surface
water, groundwater and air.
Process of Chemical Weathering:
1. Carbonation happens when carbon dioxide from the air or soil combines with
water.
2. Hydrolysis is a chemical type of weathering which changes the composition of
minerals from rocks when they react with acidic water. This results to the
production of clays and soluble salts.
3. Oxidation happens when iron in rocks get to be exposed to oxygen and
creates iron oxide.
4. Dissolution is the process in which the rocks weather because of its reaction
to acids. When an acidic water reacts with rocks, materials from rocks
dissolve leaving them with holes or cavities.

Types of Weathering
1. Reaction with water.
2. Reaction with oxygen.
3. Reaction with acid.
4. Reaction with organism.
 III. Activity Proper

Activity 1. Complete Me
Direction: Fill in the missing information using words found below:

Rocks canyons sand river

Cracks time colder erosion

Weathering happens over 1. __________. The process involves 2. _______ which

slowly dissolve or break down into smaller pieces. Once they are broken into pieces,
they are transported to other areas in a process called 3. ________. In 4. _______
areas, ice can get in between rocks and soil which creates 5. ________. Wind can blow
6. _____ on to the surface which will cause those surfaces to wear down. 7. ______ on
a high elevation place and runs down on low elevation creates 8. ________.
.________.

Activity 2: Knowledge Check

Direction: Identify which process is involved in the following activities. Check the space
for your answer.
Activity Weathering Erosion
1. River flowing into
fields as it changes
its course
2. Avalanche
3. A gully formed by a
running water
eroding sharply into
soil
4. Big trucks wearing
away cemented
 roads
5. Rock cracked due
to Sun’s heat
6. Marble statues
dissolving due to
acid rain
7. Sand carried away
by the wind
8. Expansion of ice on
a cold night
breaking up a road
surface
9. Flash flood
10. Cracking of rocks
due to mining
Guide Questions:
1. What is weathering?
2. Give the types of weathering.
3. Differentiate physical weathering from chemical weathering.
4. What are the catalysts present in chemical weathering?
5. Cite two examples for each kind of weathering.
Reflection:
1. What do you think will happen to rocks if there is no weathering?
2. Why do we paint the roofs?
3. Why do monuments corrode after several years?
4. As a student, how can you minimize the effects of weathering?

Activity 3: Weathering Around Me

Direction: Read the statement below and write your answer on the space
below.
Check your house for any weathering or eroding edges or surfaces. Is the
structure foundation of your house strong or weak? Support your answer
Lesson 2: Heat in Earth’s Interior
I. Learning Competency with Code
Explain why Earth’s interior is hot (S11ES-11b-c-23)

II. Background Information for Students

We all know that what is inside the volcano is a very hot molten rock called
magma. But what about the interior of the Earth? Do they have the same
temperature with the volcano? In this lesson you will explore and dig into the
interior of the Earth from the outer most layer which is the crust, then the mantle
and finally the core – outer core and inner core. Out from these layers you will
discover how heat inside the planet is produced and its importance to the
existence of all living things.
The heat driving mantle convection has three main sources:
1. “Primordial heat or the heat left over accretion and differentiation that lead
to the earth’s core formation.
 2. Decay of radioactive isotopes which are mainly potassium, thorium, and
uranium.
3. Tidal friction from the moon’s pull on the earth. This process of mantle
convection is the main reason why this heat escapes from the interior of
the earth.

This occurs through both “convective” transport of heat within the earth’s
liquid core and solid mantle and slower “conductive” transport of heat through
nonconvecting boundary layers, such as the earth’s plates at the surface. As
a result, much of the planet’s primordial heat, from when the earth first
accredited and developed its core, has been retained. The amount of heat
that can arise through simple accretionary processes, bringing small bodies
together to form proto earth is large
In sum, there was no shortage of heat in the early earth, and the planet’s
inability to cool off quickly results in the continued high temperatures of the
earth’s interior. In effect, not only do the earth’s plates acts as blanket on the
interior, but not even convective heat transport in the solid mantle provides a
particularly efficient mechanism for heat loss. The planet does lose some heat
through the processes that drive plate tectonics, especially at mid-ocean
ridges.

III. Activity Proper:

Activity 4: Boiling
In this activity, you will understand the process of convection as one of the
reasons of the heated Earth’s interior.
Materials:
Water, coffee or tea, beaker
Directions:
Put water into the beaker and boil. Once it boils, pour the coffee or tea.
 Questions:
1. What have you observed at the bottom of the water?
2. What is the direction of the heat?
3. What happens to the cooler water?
4. What happens to the coffee or tea? What can you observe from its color?
5. Why is there a mark of color in the beaker? What does it represent?

Explanation:
The activity above shows the process of convection. Convection is one
of the reasons of the heat in the Earth’s interior. The process tells us that
the heat in the earth’s internal is redistributed. The less dense material
rises and mor dense material sinks. Convection occurs at the upper
mantle where hot rock rises and slightly cooler rock sinks.

Activity 1: Complete Me
Reflections:
1. Time
From 2. Rocks the reasons cited
3. Erosion
why the Earths interior is
4. Colder
hot, 5. Cracks which do you think
6. Sand
is the most evident.
7. River
Explain 8. Canyon your answer.

Answer Key:
Activity 2:

Weathering Erosion
1 *
2 *
3 *
4 *
5 *
6 *
7 *
8 *
9 *
10 *