GRADING SYSTEM

Examination ------------40%
Quizzes and Assignment--30%
Output and Project------30%
Total-------------------100%

Introduction

This set of instructional module in fundamentals of martial arts was developed primarily to
combine the ability of students aspects of learning with actual application by performing the evaluative
exercise after each lesson. Through this module the student must learn how to perform the basic forms
(kata) and techniques in sparring (kumite). The students must master the defensive techniques as well as
the reverse or counter techniques.

However, we are threatened by the fact that criminals are trying to take advantage on our weaknesses that
is why we need to be active and vigilant to easily prevent criminalities to happen and be able to defend
and protect ourselves and others.

In this module the students must know the importance of martial arts in their daily life and it can be use as
there prefer sports. Knowing and mastering will the karate has its own good benefits on health matters. It
gives an overview to learn practical and innovative techniques in self-defense procedure. This traditional
and modern techniques of using karate applications are very useful to our future profession as a law
enforcer someday.
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson the students will be able to:

1.Define the term used in martial arts

2.To know the history of martial arts in the Philippines
3.Determine the person behind martial arts
4. To know the Laws governing Martial arts in the Philippines

Definition of terms
1. Karate-an Asian system of unarmed combat using the hands and feet to deliver and block blows,
widely practiced as a sport. It was formalized in Okinawa in the 17th century and popularized via
Japan after about 1920. Karate is performed barefoot in loose padded clothing, with a colored belt
indicating the level of skill, and involves mental as well as physical training.

2. Martial arts-various sports or skills, mainly of Japanese origin, that originated as forms of self-
defense or attack, such as judo, karate, and kendo

3. Arnis-A stick made of rattan, bahi, yantok, yakal or kamagong, used in Philippine stick fighting.
Traditional Philippine stick fighting, a martial art.

HISTORY OF MARTIAL ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Filipino martial arts (FMA) (Filipino: Sining panlaban ng Pilipinas) refer to ancient Malay and
newer modified fighting methods devised in the Philippines. It incorporates elements from both Western
and Eastern Martial Arts, the most popular forms of which are known as Arnis, Eskrima, and Kali. The
intrinsic need for self-preservation was the genesis of these systems. Throughout the ages, invaders and
evolving local conflict imposed new dynamics for combat in the islands now making up the Philippines.
The Filipino people developed battle skills as a direct result of an appreciation of their ever-changing
circumstances. They learned often out of necessity how to prioritize, allocate and use common resources
in combative situations.

Filipinos have been heavily influenced by a phenomenon of cultural and linguistic mixture. Some
of the specific mechanisms responsible for cultural and martial change extended from phenomena such as
war, political and social systems, technology, trade and practicality.
Filipino martial arts have seen an increase in prominence due to several Hollywood movies and the
teachings of modern masters such as Venancio "Anciong" Bacon, Dan Inosanto, Cacoy Canete, Danny
Guba, Mike Inay, Remy Presas, Wilson Pangan Sr. (Grand Master), Ernesto Presas, Doug Marcaida and
Carlito A. Lanada, Sr.

There have been numerous scholarly calls on the inclusion of the many martial arts of the
Philippines into the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. As of 2019, a total of nine elements
scattered in eight countries, such as Thailand, Georgia, and Korea, have successfully inscribed their
martial arts in the UNESCO list.

Today there are said to be almost as many Filipino fighting styles as there are islands in the
Philippines. In 1972, the Philippine government included Filipino martial arts into the national sports
arena. The Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports also incorporated them into the physical education
curriculum for high school and college students. In recent history, Richardson C. Gialogo and Aniano
Lota, Jr. helped the Department of Education (DepEd), former Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports,
in the promotion of Arnis in the public schools. The Task Force on School Sports (TFSS) headed by Mr.
Feliciano Toledo asked Richard Gialogo and Jon Lota to conduct national, regional and provincial
seminar-workshops all over the Philippines under the auspices of the Philippine government. This
resulted to the inclusion of Arnis in the Palarong Pambansa (National Games) in 2006. The efforts of the
two and Senator Miguel Zubiri resulted in Arnis being declared as the National Martial Art and Sport of
the Philippines by virtue of Republic Act 9850 which was signed into law in 2009. Knowledge of the
Filipino fighting skills is mandatory in the Philippine military and police.

Filipino martial arts are considered the most advanced practical modern blade system in the world
and are now a core component of the U.S. Army's Modern Army Combatives program and used by the
Russian Spetsnaz (special forces).The Government of India used Filipino martial arts to train their Para
(Indian Special Forces) of Indian Army, National Security Guard, MARCOS of Indian Navy and
Commandos of Central Armed Police Forces.

Modern history

The mid to late 19th century marks the beginning of the history of martial arts as modern sports
developed out of earlier traditional fighting systems. In Europe, this concerns the developments of boxing
and fencing as sports. In Japan, the same period marks the formation of the modern forms of judo, jujutsu,
karate, and kendo (among others) based on revivals of old schools of Edo period martial arts which had
been suppressed during the Meiji Restoration Modern Muay Thai rules date to the 1920s. In China, the
modern history of martial arts begins in the Nanjing decade (1930s) following the foundation of the
Central Guoshu Institute in 1928 under the Kuomintang government.

Western interest in Asian martial arts arises towards the end of the 19th century, due to the
increase in trade between the United States with China and Japan.[citation needed] Relatively few
Westerners actually practiced the arts, considering it to be mere performance. Edward William Barton-
Wright, a railway engineer who had studied jujutsu while working in Japan between 1894 and 1897, was
the first man known to have taught Asian martial arts in Europe. He also founded an eclectic style named
Bartitsu which combined jujutsu, judo, wrestling, boxing, savate and stick fighting.

Fencing and Greco-Roman wrestling was included in the 1896 Summer Olympics. FILA
Wrestling World Championships and Boxing at the Summer Olympics were introduced in 1904. The
tradition of awarding championship belts in wrestling and boxing can be traced to the Lonsdale Belt,
introduced in 1909.

20th century (1914 to 1989)

The International Boxing Association was established in 1920. World Fencing Championships have been
held since 1921.
As Western influence grew in Asia a greater number of military personnel spent time in China,
Japan and South Korea during World War II and the Korean War and were exposed to local fighting
styles. Jujutsu, judo and karate first became popular among the mainstream from the 1950s-60s. Due in
part to Asian and Hollywood martial arts movies, most modern American martial arts are either Asian-
derived or Asian influenced. The term kickboxing was created by the Japanese boxing promoter Osamu
Noguchi for a variant of Muay Thai and karate that he created in the 1950s. American kickboxing was
developed in the 1970s, as a combination of boxing and karate. Taekwondo was developed in the context
of the Korean War in the 1950s.

The later 1960s and 1970s witnessed an increased media interest in Chinese martial arts,
influenced by martial artist Bruce Lee. Bruce Lee is credited as one of the first instructors to openly teach
Chinese martial arts to Westerners. World Judo Championships have been held since 1956, Judo at the
Summer Olympics was introduced in 1964. Karate World Championships were introduced in 1970.

Following the "kung fu wave" in Hong Kong action cinema in the 1970s, a number of
mainstream films produced during the 1980s contributed significantly to the perception of martial arts in
western popular culture. These include The Karate Kid (1984) and Bloodsport (1988). This era produced
some Hollywood action stars with martial arts background, such as Jean-Claude Van Damme and Chuck
Norris.
Also during the 20th century, a number of martial arts were adapted for self-defense purposes for
military hand-to-hand combat. World War II combatives, KAPAP (1930s) and Krav Maga (1950s) in
Israel, Systema in Soviet-era Russia, and Sanshou in the People's Republic of China are examples of such
systems. The US military de-emphasized hand-to-hand combat training during the Cold War period, but
revived it with the introduction of LINE in 1989.

1990 to present
During the 1990s Brazilian jiu-jitsu became popular and proved to be effective in mixed martial
arts competitions such as the UFC and PRIDE.

In 1993 the first Pancreas event was held. The K-1 rules of kickboxing were introduced based on
1980s Seidokaikan karate.

Jackie Chan and Jet Li are prominent martial artists who have become major movie figures. Their
popularity and media presence has been at the forefront for promoting Chinese martial arts since the late
20th and early 21st centuries.

With the continual discovery of more medieval and Renaissance fighting manuals, the practice of
Historical European Martial Arts and other Western Martial Arts have been growing in popularity across
the United States and Europe.

On November 29, 2011, UNESCO inscribed Taekkyon onto its Intangible Cultural Heritage of
Humanity List.

WEAPONS

Filipino martial artists are noted for their ability to fight with weapons or empty hands
interchangeably and their ability to turn ordinary household items into lethal weapons. Weapons-training
takes precedence because they give an edge in real fights, gears students to psychologically face armed
opponents, and any object that can be picked up can be used as a weapon using FMA techniques. Empty
hand training techniques are translated from the use of the Daga (dagger) or Baston (stick).

Another thing to note is that the Philippines is a blade culture. The Southern Philippines with the
Moros were never really conquered by the Spaniards or the Americans; nor the Northern mountains of
Luzon with their feared headhunter tribes so they kept their weapons and their fighting skills. For the
more "Christianized" provinces and the towns where citizens had been "disarmed", bolos (a cutting tool
similar to the machete) and other knife variants are still commonly used for general work (farming in the
provinces, chopping wood, coconuts, controlling talahib (sword grass), which could grow higher than
roofs if not cut, etc.) and the occasional bloody fight. Production of these weapons still survives and there
are a few who still make some. In the province of Aklan, Talibongs are still being made in the remote
areas. Until the 80s, balisong knives were still commonly used in the streets of Manila as general purpose
pocket knives much like Swiss army knives or box cutters until new laws on allowable kinds of knives
made it illegal to carry them in public without a permit or proof that it was a vital to one's livelihood (e.g.
Martial arts instructor, vendor). They're still openly sold in their birthplace of Batangas, in the streets of
Quiapo, souvenir shops and martial arts stores, wielded by practitioners and street gangs. Thus, even
when fighting systems were outlawed by the Spaniards, Filipinos still maintained their centuries-old
relationships with blades and blade fighting techniques that survive from ancient times and are still much
alive as they have been adapted and evolved to stay relevant and practical in colonial and modern times.

What separates Filipino Martial Arts from other weapon-based martial arts like Japanese Kendo
& Kenjutsu, European Fencing and traditional Chinese Martial arts that teach the usage of classical
Chinese weapons is that FMA teaches weapon use that is practical today: how to use and deal with
weapons that one can actually encounter in the streets and how to turn ordinary items into improvised
weapons. No one walks around with sabers, katanas or jians anymore, but knives, machetes, clubs and
clothing, (called Sarongs), are still among commonly encountered weapons on the street and in the field,
thus making FMA very practical and geared towards military and street fighting.

Traditional weaponry varies in design, size, weight, materials, and the way these weapons are
used. But because of similar techniques Filipinos can use any object and turned into a weapon by a
Filipino martial artist as a force multiplier.
Protective gears in martial arts

1. Sparring Gloves.
2. Headgear.
3. Boots.
4. Chest Guards.
5. Shin & Forearm Guards.
6. Knee & Elbow Guards.
7. Cups & Supporters.
8. Mouth Guards.

Learning Activity Sheet #1

Name: ____________________ Date: ___________
Course/Section: ____________ Score: __________
Explain the following questions based on your own idea. (10pts. each)

1. Enumerate the 8 protective gears used in karate/martial arts. Explain the uses of each
protective gears.
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2. What is martial arts? Does martial arts important in our course? Yes or No? Why?
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3. What is the difference of Karate and Arnis?

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A Short History of Shotokan Karate

 Gichin Funakoshi is widely considered as the “father” of modern day karate. He was born in the
Shuri prefecture in Okinawa in 1868 and at the age of 11 began to study Karate under two of Okinawa’s
top masters. In time, he became a master in his own right and in 1922 he was invited to demonstrate
karate to the Japanese public for the very first time. The demonstration was such a success he was invited
to stay in Japan and teach, which he did with great success.

For Sensei Funakoshi, the word ‘karate’ eventually took on a deeper meaning than just martial
arts training, transforming into what is has become known as karate-do, the ‘way of the empty hand.’ He
was to modify the Okinawan art by taking inspiration from traditional Japanese budo (kendo, judo, etc)
and integrated their philosophical aspects into his and his student’s training. This became a total
discipline, which represented a synthesis of Okinawaan and Japanese schools and in 1936 he established
the ‘SHOTOKAN’ style of Japanese karate which was to be greatly influenced by his son Yoshitaka
(Giko) and Masatoshi Nakayama, first headmaster of the Japan Karate Association.

Whereas his father was responsible for transforming karate from a mere fighting technique into a
philosophical martial ‘do’ (way of life), Yoshitaka was put in charge of developing, helped by other
important martial artists, a karate technique that definitively separated Japanese karate-do from the local
Okinawaan art, thus giving it a completely different and at the same time notoriously Japanese flavour.

It is upon these concepts that in 1948, the Japan Karate Association (JKA) was founded. The
establishment of the JKA lead the way to the spread of Shotokan karate throughout the world. Master
Masatoshi Nakayama, one of Funakoshi’s greatest students, succeeded him as the headmaster of the JKA
and during his time there he further developed Shotokan, based on his own research, into the style we
know today.

It was through master Nakayama’s vision, that Shotokan has spread throughout the world by
enriching many people’s lives in many countries, while other senior instructors stayed in Japan at the
Sohonbu to teach the next generation of Shotokan masters.

Funakoshi’s (Shotokan) Principles

1. Never forget: Karate begins and ends with rei. Rei has the meaning of respect.
2. There is no “firsthand” in Karate. (Meaning there is no first attack, karate is about self
defense)
3. Karate supports righteousness.
4. First understand yourself, then understand others.
5. The art of mind is more important than the art of technique.
6. The mind needs to be freed.
7. Trouble is born of negligence.
8. Do not think that Karate is only in the dojo.
9. The training of Karate requires a lifetime.
10. Transform everything into Karate; therein lies the exquisiteness.
11. Genuine Karate is like hot water; it cools down if you do not keep heating it.
12. Do not have an idea of winning, while the idea of losing is not necessary.
13. Transform yourself according to the opponent.
14. The outcome of the fight all depends on the maneuver.
15. Imagine one’s arms and legs as swords.
16. Once you leave the shelter of home there are a million enemies.
17. Postures are for the beginner, later they are natural positions.
18. Do the kata correctly, the real fight is a different matter.
19. Do not forget the dynamics of power, the elasticity of the body, and the speed of technique.
20. Always be good at the application of everything you have learned.
 A History of the AAK System in the Philippines

Pocholo Veguillas Shihan: Humble Beginnings and Rise to Prominence

In January 1964, Pocholo Veguillas, a former student of Takayuki Mikami (Shotokanryu),

together with two other karate instructors, started a karate club in a dojo built from used machinery
crating materials for floors, interwoven bamboo slats (sawali) for walls, and secondhand roofing
materials. This was built in a vacant lot in Scout Lozano in Quezon City, which was loaned to them by a
family friend. The club started with just a handful of students. However, due to the demands of other
increasing responsibilities, Veguillas' two associates were forced to resign from the organization in June
1964, leaving Veguillas alone to continue with the club.

On July 21, 1964, Pocholo Veguillas together with some 30 students, inaugurated the Kuroi
Samurai Karate Dojo (KSKD), which was later to become the pilot organization of the Association for the
Advancement of Karatedo (AAK). In the same year, the KSKD was invited to join 40 other clubs to form
the Karate Federation of the Philippines (KaFePhil). This was to be the first attempt to unify all karate
clubs in the country. In the first national seminar of karate instructors organized under the KaFePhil in
December 1964, Veguillas topped the examinations given by the board. These seminars and examinations
were held annually and blackbelters from the KSKD consistently topped them.

The KSKD transferred to a bigger dojo, which was built adjacent to the Veguillas residence in
Plaridel St., Quezon City in 1968. The first branch of the KSKD was also founded in the high school of
Ateneo de Manila in Loyola Heights, Quezon City in July of the same year.

Also on the same year, the KaFePhil organized the first National Open Karate Championships.
KSKD gained national prominence when its players coach by Veguillas won the tournament.

In 1970, various Karate Federations decided to put up a grand championships among members
selected from each federation. Each federation had to field its best players only. The selection from the
KaFePhil was coach by Pocholo Veguillas. Majority of the winners of said tournament - Asian Festival of
Combat Sports - came from this team. This was to be the last participation of KSKD in the KaFePhil.

In 1973, the Kuroi Samurai Karate Dojo with its 14 other branches established the Association
for the Advancement of Karatedo (AAK).
 The AAK, together with the other major karate organizations in the country, formed the
Philippine Karate Association (PKA). This national federation was recognized by the Philippine Amateur
Athletic Federation (now Philippine Olympic Committee) and the World Union of Karatedo
Organizations (now World Karate Federation). This was in May 1974.After its last participation in the
KaFePhil in 1970, the KSKD decided to concentrate on the development of its organization. The first
KSKD age-group championships was held in 1970. In 1974, due to a change in its organizational
structure, the annual championships was renamed the AAK Age Group Championships. Subsequently,
Karatedo by AAK was included among the sports in the Milo Summer Sports Clinics.

In 1986, the Association for the Advancement of Karatedo transferred its Honbu dojo to the 300
square meter penthouse of the Milelong Building on Amorsolo Street, Lepaspi Village. This was in the
heart of the Philippines business district in Makati.

The 14th South East Asia Games in 1987 had karate in its program. Because of this, a national
tryout was organized by the Philippine Olympic Committee to form the national karate team. In as much
as most of the winners of the tournament came from AAK, Pocholo Veguillas was designated by the
Philippine Olympic Committee as training director of the national karate team.

After the 14th South East Asian Games, the Philippine Karatedo Federation (PKF) was organized
with Pocholo Veguillas as its founding President. He was PKF president from 1987-2000. Under his
leadership the Philippine Karate National Team won 72 medals, 41 of them gold, in international
competitions, and several Filipino Karatedo technical officials were accredited internationally.

Embracing Different Karate Styles and Edifying the System

 Gojuryu (Hard - Soft Style) was introduced to AAK in 1987 by Shin Tsukii, a student of Goshi
Yamaguchi. In order to further their knowledge of Gojuryu, a group of AAK instructors led by Richard
Lim were invited by Goshi Yamaguchi to train under him in the Goju kai Honbu Dojo (Headquarters
Gym) in Tokyo. Upon his visit to Gogen Yamaguchi, founder of Gojukai, Pocholo Veguillas agreed to
include Gojuryu in the AAK curriculum.

In 1989, Hitoshi Kato introduced Shitoryu to AAK. AAK members were invited to Shitoryu
Championships in Japan and Genzo Iwata trained AAK instructors at the Shitokai Honbu Dojo in Tokyo.
During the foundation of the World Shitoryu Karate Federation in Chiba, Japan in 1993, the AAK was
invited as its Philippine representative.

Another group of AAK instructors were also sent to Japan to train under Hiroyuki Seitoguchi
sensei of Hosei University, (Shotokan) where Takayuki Mikami used to be the Chief Instructor.

In 1990, the AAK Honbu Dojo transferred to the Metropolitan Club in Estrella St., Makati City.
In 1993, the AAK Honbu Dojo, moved to its present location at the 5/F Building B, SM Megamall,
Mandaluyong City.

Since, several Japanese instructors have come to AAK to introduce their various styles: Among
them were Takeo Fujiwara and Toshiatsu Sasaki of Shotokan, Kasuya Mitani of Okinawan Shurite,
Hidehisa Haseme of Shitoryu, Kanzo Miyahira of Toguchi Goju, Seiji Nishimura and Hisao Murase
Sensei of Wadoryu and Tsuguo Sakumoto of Ryueiryu.

Today, the AAK has embraced the teachings of these karate masters and has evolved a unique
system of Karatedo known as the AAK System. It has produced World Champions in all styles
competitions as well as in the tournaments of each individual karate style. It has been in the forefront in
the development and advancement of Karatedo both nationally and internationally.

Fourteenth Congress
Third Regular Session

Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday, the twenty-seventh day of July, two thousand nine.

REPUBLIC ACT No. 9850

AN ACT DECLARING ARNIS AS THE NATIONAL MARTIAL ART AND SPORT OF THE
PHILIPPINES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress

assembled:

Section 1. It is the policy of the State to inculcate patriotism, nationalism and appreciation of the role
of national heroes and symbols in the historical development of the country. Furthermore, the State
must give priority to education, science and technology, arts and culture, and sports to foster
patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and
development.
Section 2. Definition of Arnis. - Arnis, also known as Eskrima, Kali, Garrote and other names in
various regional languages, such as Pananandata in Tagalog; Pagkalikali, Ibanag; Kabaraon and
Kalirongan, Pangasinan; Kaliradman, Bisaya; and Didja, Ilokano, is an indigenous Filipino martial art
and sport characterized by the use of swinging and twirling movements, accompanied by striking,
thrusting and parrying techniques for defense and offense. This is usually done with the use of one
(1) or two (2) sticks or any similar implements or with bare hands and feet also used for striking,
blocking, locking and grappling, with the use of the same principle as that with the canes.

Section 3. Arnis is hereby declared as the Philippine National Martial Art and Sport.  The official
lawphil

adoption of arnis as the national martial art and sport shall be promulgated by inscribing the symbol
of arnis in the official seal of the Philippine Sports Commission and by making it as the first sport
competition to be played by participating teams on the first day in the annual Palarong Pambansa.
The Philippine Sports Commission shall be the lead agency to implement the provisions of this Act.

Section 4. The Department of Education, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, and the
Philippine Sports Commission shall promulgate the necessary rules and regulations to carry out the
provisions of this Act.

Section 5. Any provision of law, decree, executive order, rule or regulation in conflict or inconsistent
with the provisions and/or purposes of this Act is hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly.

Section 6. This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its complete publication in the Official
Gazette or in at least two (2) newspapers of general circulation.

Approved,

PROSPERO C. NOGRALES JUAN PONCE ENRILE

Speaker of the House of President of the Senate
Representatives

This Act which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 3288 and House Bill No. 6516 was finally passed
by the Senate and the House of Representatives on October 14, 2009.

MARILYN B. BARUA-YAP EMMA LIRIO-REYES

Secretary General House of Secretary of the Senate
Representatives

Approved: DEC. 11, 2009

GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
President of the Philippines
Learning Activity Sheet #2
Name: ____________________ Date: ___________
Course/Section: ____________ Score: __________
Define or Explain the following terms in your own idea (10pts. each)

1. Martial arts-
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2. Karate-
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3. Arnis
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4. R.A 9850
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Learning Activity Sheet #3

Name: ____________________ Date: ___________
Course/Section: ____________ Score: __________
Summarize the following history of martial arts based on your understanding. (20 points each)

1. History of the AAK System in the Philippines

2. History of Shotokan Karate

3. History of Martial Arts in the Philippines