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 demise2 of humanity. This is not just something that Hol-
lywood scriptwriters3 think about. Such things worry
computer-programming expert Jaan Tallinn, co-founder of
Skype, Huw Price, professor4 of philosophy at Cambridge,

How to Use and Lo

Colleg

Your English Supplement

Study
Par
capaci
dicted
From
telligen
SYMBOLS ‘the Si
Each page-long article in the magazine has been beings
created to be used more or less independently
so that you can learn and practise even if THE EN
you only have five or ten minutes free. Some
At the same time, the symbols below allow you to will be
develop a theme you are interested in more extensively. idea: f
Teachers can use these symbols to instantly prepare robots
in our
a class or classes around a common theme.
gent b
octopu
experi
licate t
ity can
as dra
Exercise (at the end Speaking extension. simply
of the magazine). Test A question aimed at obsole
and consolidate what provoking a group from v
you have learned. discussion of the 1925, “
topic in question. but a w
Photo by GabboT

1
to bring about (bring-brought- of department at a university, 7
speed
brought) – cause senior academic 8
from t
2
demise – end, decline 5
to set up (set-set-set) – create, 9
naïve –
3
scriptwriter – sb. who writes establish 10
to tre
the script (= text) of a movie 6
to arise (arise-arose-arisen) – 11
scena
Downloadable audio This arrow directs you 4
professor – (false friend) head emerge, occur thetic
file (see also audio to other related articles
scripts). There are in the magazine.
p. 40 6, 22 p. 6 p.6
recommendations on
how best to use the
audio files on p. 87.

ABBREVIATIONS KEY
These are the only
abbreviations you
have to know to use
Listening extension this magazine:
(Internet). Once you’ve sb. = somebody
learned the basic sth. = something
vocabulary of a topic, swh. = somewhere
why not listen to [U] = uncountable noun
further discussions? [C] = countable noun

4 | YES 9

FOOTNOTES
The superscript numbers in the text
refer to the footnotes at the bottom
or at the side of the same page. The
footnotes explain the difficult vocabu-
lary as determined by our non-native
proofreaders. Like you, these proof-
readers are learners so they are able
to identify the exact words you need
to know to understand the sentence.
Definitions are given in English, so that
you learn to think in English and these
definitions are then checked by the
non-native proofreaders to ensure that
you will understand them. Some words
are defined by pictures: we use these
visual stimuli when that is the best way
to fix an idea in your memory. Read
the definition or look at the illustration
and then re-read the sentence in ques-
tion. By working with English-language
footnotes you will rapidly increase
your vocabulary and learn how English
words relate to each other, all of
which will have a dramatic impact on
your fluency and self-confidence1 .
Some readers find it useful to put
their finger next to the word in the
article that they are looking for in the
footnotes to make it easier to return
to the text afterwards. Either way, it
shouldn’t be difficult to find your place
because the footnotes are numbered
and the words are highlighted in bold.
Notice that the syllables and words that
should be stressed2 are underlined.
Red footnotes give extra cultural
(rather than linguistic) information,
or they refer you to other articles.
Consonants
PHONEMIC /ʧ/ as in church, watch
SYMBOLS /ʃ/ as in wash, sure, action
/ʤ/ as in judge, gesture
Here are the phonemic /ʒ/ as in measure, vision
symbols that we use /j/ as in yes
which might cause you /θ/ as in thick, path
problems. /ð/ as in this, breathe
/ŋ/ as in sing
phone antennas. There is little danger of the message Meanwhile9, a study from Anglia Rus
being garbled5 – as it is in the game of Chinese whis- sity has found that African elephants plan
pers6 – because it is so simple: “danger predator”. on cropland11 to coincide with the new m
raids are more frequent and more substa
the nights are darkest. This suggests that
stand that darkness lowers the risk of bei
farmers12. Or perhaps they know that hu
less and more lightly13 when there is a fu
MY NAME IS FLI
Dolphins have a signature whistle14 whi
identify themselves and to identify others
hear a familiar whistle they will repeat it b
acquaintance15, which they don’t do for
whistle. Moreover, a study from the Unive
cago has now found that dolphins remem
signature whistles14 after more than 20
gesting they have the best memory in the
Photo by Ikiwaner
NOT-SO-CARNIVOROUS
CROCS7
Research from the US Fish and Wildlife Service in
Charleston, South Carolina, has confirmed decades of
anecdotal reports: over half the existing crocodilian
species supplement their diet with fruit. It seems that
at least 13 of the 23 species of crocodiles and alliga-
tors in the world today eat fruit as well as meat.
1
warning (adj.) – alarm (associated with werewolves)
2
to bang – beat, hit 9
meanwhile – at the same time
3
to pick up – receive 10
raid – surprise attack
4
to relay – resent 11
cropland – arable farms
5
garbled – incoherent, 12
farmer – agriculturalist
meaningless 13
more lightly – less deeply
6
Chinese whispers (UK Eng- 14
signature whistle – high-fre-
lish) – broken telephone (US quency sound that identifies
English) an individual
7
croc – (colloquial) crocodile 15
acquaintance – known indi-
8
full moon – when the complete vidual, (in this case) friend
disc of the moon is visible
2
1
self-confidence – self-assurance (opposite of ‘self-doubt’, ‘hesitancy’)
2
to stress sth. – emphasize, underline
Pure Vowels Dipthongs
/æ/ as in cat /iə/ as in ear, here
/ʌ/ as in cut
/ə/ as in occur, supply,
/eə/ as in air, there
aroma
/ɜ:/ as in first, turn, earn
/ɔ:/ as in court, warn
YES 9 | 5
CURRENT
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION
10 View some of the hilarious tattoos collected

AFFAIRS
by Veritas Language Solutions at:
http://goo.gl/okeKUx

14 Watch: Helen Fisher gives a TED talk

This section of the magazine offers short
about the neurology of love:
news stories organized thematically:
http://goo.gl/c90Lqk

22 Speak: is the internet a help or

7 UK News a hindrance to the heart?
- stories from around Britain.
8 US News
- matters arising in the great United States.
9 EU News
- what’s happening in the European Union.
10 Language News
- the latest information about names and tattoos
11 Language News
- the latest news about the use of language
12 Science: Health News
- five steps to live longer
13 Science: Psychology
- the latest advances in our
understanding of the mind
EXERCISES 2, 19

14 The Science of Love

- what scientists are saying about human
affections
EXERCISE 4

19 Economics: the Perfect Valentine’s Present?

- should you let your lover choose
by buying a gift card?
20 Economics: Want to Get Rich? Get Married!
- the financial benefits of marriage
21 Economics: the Economics of Being Single
- the economic implications of not tying the knot
EXERCISES 20, 25

22 Internet: Finding Love On-line

- advice on using internet dating services
23 Internet: Modern Romance & Cyberspace
- Second Life and your love life
EXERCISE 28

6 | YES 9
Science

THE
SCIENCE
OF LOVE
Love is only
the dirty trick1
played on us
to achieve2
continuation of
the species.
W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM
Photo by David Osado

ADDICTED TO LOVE same dopamine reward circuit16 that is artificially stim-

‘Love’ describes a variety of apparently different states.
First there is motherly3 love, which is the most intense
form and the most ubiquitous4 in the animal world. Then
there is romantic love, which we tend to associate with
monogamy. However, monogamy is shockingly5 rare 6
amongst7 animals – fewer than 5% of mammalian species
are monogamous, and true sexual fidelity is even rarer.
Finally, there is brotherly love, which we associate with
altruism and a feeling of oneness8 with the world.
However, science tells us that English 9 is right to lump
all these different feelings together10 under the ‘love’
umbrella11; romantic love and brotherly love seem to be
adaptations of the basic maternal love instinct. Motherly
love is based on chemical addiction. The exertion12 of
labour13 triggers14 a release15 of oxytocin, which causes
the mother – be she a mouse or a human – to become
addicted to the smell of her infant. Love activates the
ulated by cocaine and heroin (though love is a much
healthier17 option!). Romantic love is an evolutionary
adaptation of the mother-infant bond18 to keep men and
women together, at least until any resulting offspring19
reach20 a minimum age to survive without paternal pro-
tection (around the age of seven in evolutionary terms).
THE LOVE DRUG
The hormone oxytocin certainly seems to be our primary
love drug. Oxytocin levels increase in men when they
are sexually aroused21 and in women during orgasm, so
they definitely connect sex and love. But they are also
increased simply by touch and massaging. Oxytocin is an
important stimulator of trust22, allowing23 us to connect
with others, in part by reducing fear-related activity in the
amygdala. Oxytocin also makes us less judgemental, less
able to see the negative aspects of others.

1
dirty trick – manipulative sub- 8
oneness – unity, empathy 10
to lump together – combine, 17
healthier – more salubrious
terfuge, clever stratagem 9
in contrast to the English aggregate 18
bond – attachment, nexus
2
to achieve – get, accomplish, language, some languages 11
umbrella – (in this case) gen- 19
offspring – children
obtain have distinct words. Ancient eral category 20
to reach – get to, arrive at
3
motherly (adj.) – maternal Greek, for example had 12
exertion – effort, strain 21
to arouse – excite
4
ubiquitous – found everywhere, storge for parental love, 13
labour – (in this case) childbirth, 22
trust – belief/confidence in
universal agape for pure love (‘of the parturition (technical) others
5
shockingly – scandalously soul’), eros for ‘love of the 14
to trigger – provoke, activate 23
to allow – permit, enable
6
rare – infrequent, uncommon body’, philia for ‘love of the 15
release – emission
7
amongst – among, (in this mind’ and xenia for hospital- 16
reward circuit – neural system
case) for ity (love of guests). of recompense

14 | YES 9
4 p. 6
CULTURE
SPEAKING & LISTENING EXTENSION
Speaking: describe your favourite coastline.
26
You can watch a short comical promotional
This section of the magazine offers...
video about the Antrim Coast at:
http://goo.gl/dUksmY
25 Biography: the world’s most
famous living scientist 30 Speaking: should alcohol we controlled
EXERCISE 9 like tobacco and marijuana?

26-29 Travel: The Seven Wonders of
Antrim, Northern Ireland
EXERCISE 23
30-33 Society: the Truth about Booze –
alcohol, civilization and decadence
34-38 History: the Bluestockings – the female
intelligentsia of the 18th Century
EXERCISE 5
39 Politics: the Rise of Older Women –
the emergence of ‘granny power’
EXERCISE 3
40-41 Psychology: the Death of Motherly
Love – choosing to be childless
42-45 Poetry: Gather Ye Rosebuds While
Ye May by Robert Herrick
EXERCISE 22
46-47 Language: Can You Speak Jamie? –
Mockney & the World’s Favourite Chef
EXERCISE 35
40 Speaking: is deciding not to have children a
legitimate life choice or an act of decadence?
Watch: a scene of The Dead Poet’s
42
Society (1989) is dedicated to Herrick’s
poem. You can watch it at:
http://goo.gl/aVJTGR
47 Pronounce: learn to speak with a glottal
stop with 4-year-old Pepper at:
http://goo.gl/20HC3y
50 Watch this video about how one
of Orpen’s paintings became briefly
famous on British television in 2012.
http://goo.gl/dOQqWO
View this slide show of a couple of
dozen of Orpen’s works at:
http://goo.gl/GHCdxb
54 Watch this interview with Mr Blahnik at:
http://goo.gl/8Mpt4s

48-49 Education: Moocs Revisited – the

limits of artificial intelligence

50-53 Art: William Orpen: the Last Victorian

– painting glamour and carnage
EXERCISE 29

54-57 Fashion: Manolo Blahnik – “Better than Sex”

EXERCISE 32

58-61 Cinema: Katharine Hepburn

EXERCISE 16

62 Sports: 15-love – Scoring in Tennis

EXERCISE 31

24 | YES 9
 Travel

The Seven
Wonders of
Antrim
The Antrim Coast occupies much
of the seashore1 between Northern
Ireland’s two cities: Belfast and Derry.
Not only is this some of the most
beautiful countryside in the whole
of the British Isles but this land of
legends also offers an impressive
variety of world-class wonders2.
The Causeway Coast
The Antrim Coastline (plus a bit of the Derry Coast that
faces directly onto the Atlantic) is known in the tour-
ist brochures3 as ‘The Causeway Coast’. The name
refers, of course, to The Giant’s Causeway, a World
Heritage Site4.
1. The Legend
Irish hero, Finn McCool, fell in love with a Scottish giant-
ess named Una. He therefore built a land bridge from
Ulster to Scotland so that he could bring her back to his
native land. The couple fled across 5 the causeway6
and arrived safely in Antrim. Unfortunately, the jealous
Scottish giant Benandonner followed them across the
land bridge, intent on7 bringing Una back to Scotland.
Section of the causeway at Antrim Photo by Raoul Franklin
When Finn saw the size of the Scottish giant, the Irish
hero knew he could not defeat8 Benandonner using
brute force. However, he devised9 a cunning10 plan.
He dressed up as11 a baby and, when Benandonner
approached Una, she showed him Finn claiming12 he
was McCool’s infant. When the Scottish giant saw such a
large13 baby he surmised14 that the father must be enor-
mous, and became afraid. Benandonner fled back to15
Scotland and, as he did so, he destroyed the causeway6
behind him. This is why you can now only see part of
the structure in Antrim and another part on Staffa Island
in Scotland.
Of course, geologists don’t accept that story and they
will tell you that the 40,000 hexagonal columns of basalt,
which are obviously manmade16, were formed naturally
by cooling17 lava some 60 million years ago. Believe
whoever you choose.
2. Bushmills
Three kilometres inland from the Giant’s Causeway you
come to Bushmills, which contains the world’s oldest
whiskey distillery. Even many whiskey-lovers from
Scotland and the Republic of Ireland will admit that
Bushmills is probably the best whiskey in the world.
Outside July, when the distillery is closed for mainte-
nance, you can watch the ‘water of life’18 being made.
Bushmills is connected to the Giant’s Causeway by a
picturesque tramway19.

1
seashore – coast 5
to flee across sth. (flee-fled- 11
to dress up as – put on the 16
manmade – artificial
2
wonder – marvel, spectacular fled) – cross sth. to escape clothes of 17
cooling – that is becoming
sight 6
causeway – land bridge 12
to claim – say, declare colder
3
brochure – publicity magazine 7
to be intent on – have the 13
large – (false friend) big 18
the literal meaning of ‘whis-
4
World Heritage Site – place intention of 14
to surmise /səˈmaiz/ – deduce, key’ in Gaelic
that is considered of global 8
to defeat – beat, triumph over infer 19
tramway – line for a tram, light
cultural importance by the 9
to devise – dream up, conceive 15
to flee back to swh. – return railway
UNESCO 10
cunning – astute, clever swh. to escape

26 | YES 9
23 24
 History

Women
Writers in the
18th Century
In 1750 there were essentially no
women publishing their written
work in Britain. 50 years later there
were literally thousands of British
Frances Burney
women writing novels.1 How did Photo by National Portrait
this explosion in women’s novels Gallery London

come about2? territory – letter writing. Indeed14, what inspired Richard-

The Rise3 of the Female Novelist
Georgian Britain4 had a very clear idea about what was
appropriate and respectable for ladies to do. Their mental
ability for attention to detail meant that they could paint
flowers, but their incapacity for abstract thought meant
that they couldn’t produce historical paintings. They
could write letters, diaries and conduct books5 but they
were not suited for6 intellectual writing like poetry
and history.
Then, in 1741 Samuel Richardson wrote the hugely7
successful novel Pamela about a servant girl’s ulti-
mately8 successful attempts9 to preserve her ‘virtue’
in the face of a predatory10 employer. The book did two
things. First, it began to make novel-writing respectable;
most novels until 1750 – Moll Flanders (1722), Fantomina
(1725) Fanny Hill (1748), Tom Jones (1749) had been pretty11
salacious12 and ‘unsuitable’ 13 for ladies (as readers or
writers). Secondly, by more or less inventing the epis-
tolary novel, Richardson took the genre into female
son to write Pamela was a conduct book he was prepar-
ing, and this as we have said was another permitted area
of female writing.
Money Motives
Why would women want to write? Well, for the same
reason most men wrote novels – to earn money. ‘Respect-
able’ employment for women was highly15 restricted in
the 18th Century. One of the few options was to be a gov-
erness. However, a governess – who gave up16 her free-
dom in many aspects of her life – was lucky to earn £20
a year. When you realize17 that Frances Burney earned
£2000 from Evelina (1778) it is not hard18 to see the attrac-
tion of novel writing for impecunious19 ladies. More-
over, women could submit20 novels to publishers anon-
ymously, a big bonus in a world in which writing fiction
was still not wholly respectable.
We now consider the novel as the primary form of
literature. It is ironic to think that women came to domi-
nate English literature21 because novels were considered
barely22 serious literature in the 18th Century and there-
fore appropriate for women.

1
according to Peter J. Kitson 6
to be suited for – be right/ indecent no money
in English Literature in appropriate for 13
unsuitable – inappropriate 20
to submit sth. – send sth.,
Context [Cambridge, 2008] 7
hugely – enormously, (in this 14
indeed – (emphatic) in fact present sth.
2
to come about (come-came- case) very 15
highly – very 21
think Jane Austen, Mary
come) – occur, happen 8
ultimately – (false friend) in 16
to give sth. up (give-gave- Shelley, the Brontës, George
3
rise – (in this case) advance, the end given) – relinquish sth., Eliot, Virginia Woolf, Iris
progress 9
attempt – effort renounce sth. Murdoch, etc.
4
1714-1830 10
predatory – rapacious 17
to realize – (false friend) 22
barely – hardly, not really
5
conduct book – book that tries 11
pretty (adv.) – rather, quite, become conscious
to educate the reader about surprisingly 18
hard – difficult
social norms 12
salacious – titillating, obscene, 19
impecunious – having little or

34 | YES 9
5
 Psychology

The Death of
Hewlett appeared and exposed the myth of women
who have it all; most women who were trying to juggle 5
career, husband and family were miserable6. Their rela-

Motherly Love tionships were failing7 and they felt regrets8 over either
not having children or failing to be effective mothers.

There is no boredom9 like that of

The Sacred Responsibility
When Mary Wollstonecraft – the founder of feminist
philosophy – wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
(1792) she still saw childbearing1 as a sacred2 responsi-
bility for women. Feminist attitudes gradually changed
over the following two centuries as birth control gave
women choice over how many children they would
have. Even so, until a generation ago, a woman who
had no children was an object of pity3. Women could
focus on their careers4 but they should try to “have it
all” – career, husband and family. 15 years ago there were
iconic ‘superwomen’ such as Nichola Horlick, a City fund
manager who balanced her high-flying career with being
a mother of six. Then Baby Hunger (2002) by Sylvia Ann
Dr Mae C Jemison:
the first African-
American woman
in space
an intelligent woman who spends
all day with a very small child.
DORIS LESSING
Briefcases Before Babies
The current cohort10 of young professional women
grew up watching their mothers trying to have it all
and making themselves deeply unhappy. This has pro-
voked a sea change 11 in attitude. Now 57% of profes-
sional women in Britain aged 40-45 are childless12 and
three-quarters of them do not feel they sacrificed their
families for their careers. They simply chose with their
partners13 not to have children. Moreover, the stigma,
the pity14, has largely15 gone. As Hewlett observes, “If half
of the people you know don’t have children, you’re not
the oddity16 any more”.
The tipping point17 is also related to contact with
one’s extended family. Researchers from the London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine found that
women who are in close contact with extended family
are more likely to18 become pregnant, even after con-
trolling for19 income20, education, religion and ethnicity.
As families become more nuclear, the family pressure to
reproduce declines.

Middle-aged women in the UK are

twice as likely to21 be childless
as the previous generation.
Now 20% of 45-year-old women
Photo by NASA
have never had children.

1
childbearing – 6
miserable – (false friend) very 12
to be childless – have no inflection
having babies unhappy children 18
to be more likely to (+ infini-
2
sacred – sacro- 7
to fail – not function, be a fiasco 13
partner – (in this case) signifi- tive) – have a greater probabil-
sanct, venerable 8
regrets – remorse, cant other, husband, boyfriend, ity of (+ -ing)
3
pity – compas- self-condemnation lover 19
to control for – take into
sion, condolence 9
boredom – tedium 14
pity – commiseration, consideration
4
career – (false 10
cohort – group of people of a condolence 20
income – earnings, salary
friend) profes- similar age 15
largely – mostly, in general 21
to be twice as likely to
sional trajectory 11
sea change – profound 16
oddity – freak, eccentric (+ infinitive) – have double the
5
to juggle – transformation 17
tipping point – point of probability of (+ -ing)

40 | YES 9
24 15
 Cinema

Katharine
Hepburn
A New Perspective
‘A foggy1 night in Los Angeles in
May 1947, and the 30,000 people
crammed into2 Gilmore Stadium Bringing Up Baby

were getting restless3. “Wallace in

’48!” they chanted4. But instead of5 US culture were eroded: “I want to speak to you about the
attacks on culture... I speak because I am an American
the former6 vice-president – an ardent and as an American I shall always resist any attempt14
liberal many suspected of being a at the abridgement15 of freedom... The artist, since the
beginning of time, has always expressed the aspirations
socialist, who was considering a run and dreams of his people. Silence the artist and you have
for7 the White House – a thin woman silenced the most articulate voice the people have.” She
in a bright red dress walked out onto compared President Truman with the “police of imperial
Japan”, compared the State Department with Hitler for
the stage... Katharine Hepburn. The censoring American paintings abroad16. She condemned
crowd8 went wild. That a movie star segregationists who tried to silence actor Paul Robeson17.
of her magnitude would show up in
Un-American Activities
support of9 a man being pilloried10 Was Hepburn – the most recognizably upper-class accent
as a socialist by both Democrats and in Hollywood – a Communist? Not by any objective
measure18 but she was a progressive liberal intellectual
Republicans seemed unbelievable.’ 11 and that was in reality a bigger ‘crime’ 19. McCarthyism,
the witch-hunts and the postwar backlash 20 weren’t
Hepburn & the HUAC really against communism – there were precious few
The witch-hunt12 driven by the House Un-American committed revolutionaries in the USA and even fewer
Activities Committee (HUAC) had started and Hepburn in Hollywood. The real target21 of the HUAC was the
wasn’t going to sit back and watch as the freedom of social democratic liberal intelligentsia22 who had held
American people and above all13 the independence of power23 during the Roosevelt years (1933-45).

1
foggy – characterized by fog (= 6
former – ex- ideas – in any objective sense
atmospheric effect that reduces 7
a run for – (in this case) being a 13
above all – most importantly 19
crime – (in this case) offence,
visibility, similar to mist but candidate for 14
attempt – effort transgression
typically near the sea) 8
crowd – multitude 15
abridgement – curtailment, 20
backlash – reactionary
2
crammed into – packed into, 9
in support of – to back reduction, restriction counterattack
filling 10
to pillory – attack, crucify 16
abroad – overseas, in foreign 21
target – (false friend) objective
3
restless – nervous, agitated 11
Kate: The Woman Who Was countries 22
intelligentsia – intellectual
4
to chant – shout repeatedly in Katherine Hepburn by Wil- 17
(1898-1976) the greatest and cultural elite
unison liam J. Mann [Faber, 2006] African American actor of 23
to hold power (hold-held-
5
instead of – rather than, in 12
witch-hunt – persecution of a the mid-20th Century held) – be in control
place of group who have unorthodox 18
by any objective measure

58 | YES 9
16
 Read more unfortunate shop and

GRAMMAR
83
other commercial names at:
http://goo.gl/aFDlN4

This section of the magazine offers...

AUDIO SCRIPTS EXTENSION

THE LANGUAGE Track 1

Conversation point
Under what circumstances do

OF LOVE DOSSIER
64 Loved-up: romantic phrasal verbs Track 2
you take a day off work?

Conversation point
EXERCISE 26 Should the Olympics be settled in Greece?
66 The Grammar of ‘Love’
EXERCISE 27 Track 3 Conversation point
68 English in Context: Lonely-Hearts Ads Do you expect any great cryptozoological
EXERCISE 11 discoveries in your lifetime?
70 False Friends: Terms of Endearment
EXERCISE 17 Track 5 Conversation point
72 Etymology: infantalization Which natural and manmade wonders
74 Idioms: love expressions would you most like to see before
EXERCISE 34 you die? Do you think you will?
78 Pronunciation: Turned ‘v’ - love a duck!
EXERCISE 12

81 Writing: subscribers’ corrections

82 Translation: Eatery Error Detectives

EXERCISE 24

83 Signs: Unfortunate Business Names

84 Word Building: Amorous Morphology

EXERCISE 33

85 Subscription Information
86 Picture Description

SPEAKING EXTENSION
68 Speak: under what circumstances would you
use a lonely-hearts column or an internet
dating service? Is there any stigma attached
to these services in your culture? If so, why?

72 Watch a short, clear and damning

presentation on the infantalization
of women in advertising at:
http://goo.gl/w4hnJU

YES 9 | 63
 Phrasal Verbs

Loved-Up
  ask sb. out
= invite sb. on a first date10:
-  Ken asked Chika out to a new Korean restaurant.

Romantic   open up

Phrasal
= become more receptive and open. The allusion is pre-
sumably to a flower. Notice that in a military context to
open up means to start shooting:

Verbs -  Chika was very shy11 at first, but she gradually opened
up and began to trust12 Ken.

  take to sb. [take-took-taken]

= start to like
Like any other aspect of -  Chika took to Ken because he was very romantic and
life, love has its phrasal handsome.
verbs in English.
Photo by Gnlogic   take sb. out [take-took-taken]
= take sb. to different types of entertainment and pay for it:
Loved-Up -  Ken took Chika out to all the best restaurants and the-
The informal phrasal verb ‘to love sb. up’ means ‘to atres in town.
cuddle1 sb.’
- She loves him up whenever she can.   get off with sb. [get-got-got]
The adjective ‘loved-up’ is only indirectly related to the = kiss and touch sb. sexually for the first time:
phrasal verb. It has two meanings, which are largely2 -  He finally got off with her one evening while they were
determined by context: watching her favourite chick flick13.
a. high on drugs3, especially ecstasy4
b. amorous or enamoured   get on/along with sb. [get-got-got]
“What’s the connection?” you may well ask. Well, = have a good relationship, be friends
apparently people who are high on ecstasy tend to -  They got on very well for the first year.
feel euphoric and amorous.
-  The loved-up clubbers5 were having a ball6.
-  Here come the loved-up couple –cooing7 at each
other as usual.

A Whirlwind8 Romance
It is possible to base an entire romance from beginning to
end on phrasal verbs:

Falling in Love
  fall for sb. [fall-fell-fallen]
= fall in love with sb., be attracted to sb.:
-  Ken fell for Chika 9 the moment they met; it was love at
first sight. Photo by Marina Carresi

1
to cuddle – hug, embrace
affectionately
2
largely – primarily, mostly,
more or less
3
high on drugs – stoned, under
the influence of narcotics
4
ecstasy – methylenedioxyme-
thamphetamine (MDMA), ‘E’,
the love drug
5
clubber – sb. who frequents
nightclubs (= discothèques)
6
to have a ball (have-had-had)
– enjoy oneself greatly, have a
lot of fun
7
to coo – (in this case) whisper
sweet nothings (= speak softly
to sb. in a private romantic 11
shy – timid
conversation) 12
to trust – have confidence in
8
whirlwind – rapid and 13
chick flick – romantic movie
impulsive (like a tornado) (considered to be especially
9
a Japanese girls’ name attractive for a female
meaning ‘scattered flowers’ audience)
10
date – romantic encounter,
intimate meeting

64 | YES 9
26
 LEARN TO
WRITE IN
ENGLISH
Do you need to be able to write well
in English? YES is introducing a new
service for subscribers. Each week
anyone who has subscribed to the
print, digital or app version of the
magazine has a right to send us a
text of up to1 120 words and we
will correct it and return it. It’s as
‘most’ is wrong. It
simple as that. You’ll be amazed2 should be either
how quickly your writing improves “the greatest
number of people”
with weekly practice and correction. or “more people”.

This expression is
ambiguous. I think you
The world speaks English and if you want to reach most  of people, you need to write
EXAMPLE

mean “given the growth

in international trade”
in English the best you can. If you work in a company, given the expansion happening
or “given the drive
in the business world , you probably have to write emails constantly to talk about your towards globalization”.

product or to answer emails from everywhere . If you have friends in on facebook We’d say “from
around the world”, not
Facebook or you want your opinions in on twitter Twitter to be known outside “from everywhere”

your country, you need the English language to make them yourself understood. The phrase “because
of the distance” is
If you want to develop a long-distance friendship or a romantic relationship with ambiguous. We would
a foreigner through via emails or facebook Facebook or another any other of the express this idea by
adding “long-distance”
means technology offers you because of the distance , English is fundamental. earlier in the sentence.

RULES AND GUIDELINES 1

2
of up to – of a maximum of
to be amazed – be astonished,
>>  This correction service is only open to current subscribers to Yes in any of its three formats.
be pleasantly surprised
>>  The right to the correction of a 120-word text is not cumulative. In other words if 3
to submit – (in this case) send
you don’t submit3 a text one week, this does not give you the right to submit a 4
delay – (in this case) waiting
240-word text the following week. period, interval
>>  We will try to return your corrected texts as soon as possible but you should
expect a delay4 of at least 48 hours between submitting3 your text and receiving
your corrections.

Photo by Tiffany Dawn Nicholson YES 9 | 81

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AUDIO SCRIPTS
The following pages contain the transcriptions
of what is spoken on the audio files.

SPOKEN-ENGLISH TIPS
Spoken English is significantly different from the written language: YES NO. 9 TRACK LIST
A more limited vocabulary is generally used
and it is, by definition, more colloquial. Mini-debates (23m37s)
Moreover1, spoken English uses many more 1. Sickies (9m18s)
incomplete or badly constructed sentences. 2. Should the Olympics Stop Moving
On the other hand, intonation and stress can be used in speech. Around? (7m25s)
3. Cryptozoology (6m54s)

HOW TO USE THE AUDIO SCRIPTS 4. Pronunciation: Turned v (1m49s)

Follow our eight-step process to get the most out of the audio scripts:
Before you listen we recommend that you read through
1 the relevant section of the footnotes2 (not the text itself).
This should give you some idea of the subject3 and help you
to understand the more difficult vocabulary as you listen.
When you listen the first time, don’t expect to
2 understand everything; listening practice should
not be a painful4 process. Simply see how much
meaning you can extract from the recording.
Monologues:
Natural Wonders (19m54s)
5. Monologue 1 [US English] (3m05s)
6. Monologue 2 - Part 1 [British English]
(4m15s)
7. Monologue 2 - Part 2 [British English]
(4m21s)
8. Monologue 3 [British English] (2m39s)
9. Monologue 4 [US English] (2m10s)
10. Monologue 4 [British English] (3m24s)

Listen more times going back to the footnotes Dialogue Improvisations (12m01s)
3 to integrate the information you have. 11. Raising the Grade (7m21s)
12. Sparks Fly (4m40s)
Once you understand reasonably well, do the relevant exercise.
4 13. Mockney (0m07s)

Finally, read the audio scripts as you listen again. 14. Picture Description (3m39s)
5
15. Dictation (5m35s)
Stop each time you get lost or encounter a
6 structure that interests or confuses you. 16. Poem: To the Virgins, to Make
Much of Time (0m52s)
Repeat words or phrases whose pronunciation surprises you.
7 Total time: 1h07m34s

Two or three days later, listen to the text again without

1
moreover – what’s more, furthermore
8 reading to see if your understanding has improved5.
2
footnotes – notes at the bottom of the page (in
this box)
3
subject (n.) – (in this context) theme
This process is intense and time-consuming. However, it will 4
painful – (in this context) arduous, unpleasant
eventually6 solve the problem most learners have of relating7 the 5
to improve – get better
spoken word to the written. Once you’ve done that, the rest is easy!
6
eventually – (false friend) in the end
7
to relate – associate, connect, link

YES 9 | 87

2. Should the Olympics
Stop Moving Around?
(7m25s)
Englishman (EM): The Greek gov-
ernment in their wisdom 89 have
spent… have for some time been
suggesting that the Olympic Games
should not… should stop being itin-
erant and should have a fixed home
in Greece. What do you think about
that?
American man (AM): I think I like
the idea. I don’t know about the idea
of having it in Greece. I guess 90
they’re trying to lay claim to 91 it
because they had the first Olympics,
right?
Jiang Yuyuan Photo by Boman
89
in one’s wisdom – used ironically to sug-
gest that sth. has not been fully considered
90
I guess – I suppose
91
to lay claim to sth. (lay-laid-laid) – declare
one’s right to have sth.
92
rather – (in this case) quite a lot
93
to hold (hold-held-held) – (in this case)
63 8
EM: Well, it was there for 800 years.
They’ve done rather92 more than the
rest of us.
Englishwoman (EW): But... and do
they want to pay for it all or do they
want contributions?
EM: Well, why… the Olympics goes
around the world ruining cities’ econ-
omies because they have to build all
the infrastructure.
EW: Yes.
EM: The only two Olympics which
have been profitable I think are the
two that had been held 93 in Los
Angeles because they already had the
infrastructure.
AM: And they used volunteers as
well94, so they saved a lot of money.
EM: But isn’t that normal to use vol-
unteers nowadays 95? I think there
was a lot of volunteering in London,
well anyway.
AM: Yeah, well it didn’t help them
there, did it?
EM: But I mean2, once you… Well, did
they lose a lot of money in London?
AM: I don’t know about losing, but I
think they went way over budget96.
EM: Yeah, well, they always do. But
I mean2, the… if you’ve got… I don’t
know what I was going to say.
AM: As you were saying, I think the
only… Los Angeles and I think one or
two others have been the only Olym-
pic Games to be profitable. You had
the games in Montreal which I think
that they just now97 have finished
organize
94
as well – too, also
95
nowadays – these days
96
to go way over budget (go-went-gone) –
spend much more than one planned to
97
just now – (emphatic) very recently
98
to blame – hold responsible
AUDIO SCRIPTS
Photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen
paying off.
EM: 30 years paying it off.
AM: And Greece… I think a lot of
people blame98 partly what the eco-
nomic crisis in Greece on what they…
the excess of spending that they did.
I think I really like the idea of having
the Olympics in a fixed place. I don’t
see Greece as being the ideal place.
Could you have both winter and
summer Olympics in Greece? I don’t
think so.
EM: Well, who watches the winter
Olympics anyway?
AM: I do. I enjoy them.
Irishman (IM): But, yeah, I know they
exist.
AM: I would say, for example, either
you get an island that you can have
both winter and summer Olympics
on and have it – kind of99 – under
the auspices of United Nations or use
Switzerland, which has been histori-
cally, a historically neutral country.
EM: Yeah, let Switzerland earn more
money!
EW: But also I think… no, carry on100.
IM: Wasn’t the original idea of the
five rings of – like101 – having the
99
kind of – (pause filler) sort of, like, y’know,
I mean
100
to carry on – continue talking
101
like – (pause filler) y’know, I mean, sort of,
kind of
YES 9 | 91

Blood Wedding
this is not to place that many people
would have as a natural wonder169 in
Almeria but for me it was. I like litera-
ture and I like to go to places that are
connected to things I’ve read in litera-
ture. In this case it was to do with204
the Bodas the Sangre 205 , Lorca’s play
Bodas de Sangre and, in fact, the inci-
dent that inspired Lorca to write that
play had taken place206 in a small
town in Almeria. Not really a town,
it was in un cortijo 207 there in Alme-
ria. So the plan was to go there. That
was the outing208 for the day and
we drove up209 to where we knew
roughly210 where it was and stopped
at the nearest village, we thought
was the nearest village anyway, and
asked the way. People weren’t par-
ticularly keen211 to tell us how to get
to212 it and… but eventually213 we
did cajole214 people to tell us how
to get there and we got there. There
was a dirt track215 leading up216 to
it and there it was lying in ruins and I
thought to myself, “Y’know39 – if this
had been in, say217, another part of
204
to be to do with – be related to
205
(1933) also known as ‘Blood Wedding’
in English
206
to take place (take-took-taken) occur,
happen
207
an Andalusian farm
208
outing – excursion
209
to drive up (drive-drove-driven) – ascend
in a vehicle
63 21
AUDIO SCRIPTS
a silly reason and that was Tikal. If
you’re thinking of monuments there,
your Mayan in Guatemala, you think
of Tikal. We were there back in the
1970s with a group of British volun-
teers and Tikal every time you heard
Tikal mentioned it was – sort of6 –
tourist, it was a tourist route – flying
in flying out – and to be perfectly
honest you just4 did not want to go
to Tikal. But I would like to go to it
and to go back47 there in the com-
pany of Guatemalan friends that we
knew at the time221 and they are still
around, still living, to get up there to
see Tikal.
Photo by Pablo Scorcelli
Of all the manmade 168 won-
Spain, I thought of Cataluña as being ders169 the one that most took my
the people who would know how to breath away222 was here in Spain
sell something well, that would’ve and that was the Alhambra. And just4
been a tourist attraction.” But not in seeing it there, I’ve only been back
Almeria, there it was deserted, aban- twice 223 and both occasions when
doned and the reason, one of the rea-
sons behind it, it turned out218 was
that the relatives219 of the people
involved in Bodas de Sangre in the
real event still lived not too far away
and they didn’t like be reminded of
what had happened. So, that was
Almeria.
7. Monologue 2:
Part 2
(British English)
(4m21s)
Another place I would like to see with
people and places I’ve spent time
in during my live in Guatemala and
there was one place there I never got
to see220 and the reason was maybe Cortina d’Ampezzo Photo by BriYYZ
210
roughly – approximately 219
relatives – relations, members of the
211
keen – enthusiastic extended family
212
to get to (get-got-got) – reach, arrive at 220
to get to see (get-got-got) – see, have the
213
eventually – (false friend) in the end opportunity to visit
214
to cajole – persuade 221
at the time – back then
215
dirt track – gravel road 222
to take sb’s breath away (take-took-taken)
216
leading up – that ascended – astonish sb., impress sb.
217
say – for example 223
twice – x2, two times
218
to turn out – become clear... in the end
YES 9 | 99
EXERCISES
PAGE EXERCISE
112 1. Illustrations round-up: see if you can
identify most of the objects and actions
illustrated in the footnotes of this issue.
113 2. Title Tag: can you match these
alternative titles to the news, language
news and science articles on pp. 7-13?
3. Cloze: answer the questions about the
article on the Rise of Older Women (p. 39).
114 4. Word Search: find words
relating to love (pp. 14-18).
115 5. Prepositions: replace the prepositions in
this text about the Bluestockings (pp. 34-38).
116 6. Crossword for general vocabulary revision.
117 7. Sentence transformation for general
syntax revision of structures in this issue.
118 8. Debates: listening comprehension
for audio tracks 1-3 (pp. 88-95).
119 9. Too many words: find the unnecessary words
in this extract from the biography article on p. 25.
10. US vs. UK: fill the gaps in the chart.
This relates to the whole magazine.
11. English in Context: decipher these
lonely-hearts messages (pp. 68-69).
120 12. Pronunciation: turned v and
homophones. (pp. 78-80)
13. Have you learned the pronunciation of
the words highlighted in the magazine?
121 14. Word game: test your vocabulary and
understanding of English morphology.
122 15. Phrasal Verbs: how many new phrasal verbs
have you learned this month? This exercise
tests for the phrasal verbs in the footnotes.
16. Cinema: a quiz about Katharine
Hepburn’s movies (pp. 58-61).
PAGE EXERCISE
123 17. False Friends: test how well you have
understood pp. 70-71. Then, see if you
remember the false friends marked in the
footnotes throughout the magazine.
18. Improvisations: an open-question listening
comprehension on audio tracks 11-12.
124 19. Homophones: replace the homophones so
that this text about the Roma makes sense.
20. Internet Listening: test your listening
comprehension of this fascinating talk
about the secrets of marriage.
125 21. Monologues: a true-false listening
comprehension on audio tracks 5-10.
22. Poetry: use the rhyme to
complete the poem from p. 43.
126 23. Travel: fill in the names on this map
of the North Channel (pp. 26-29).
24. Translation: correct this real example
of broken English (pp. 82-83).
25. Economics: test your knowledge of terms
from the economics articles (pp. 19-21).
127 26. Phrasal verbs: have you learned the
multi-word love verbs on pp. 64-65?
27. Grammar Focus: find out how much you’ve
learned about the grammar of ‘love’ on pp. 66-67.
28. Wordplay: another word game – relating
to the Internet articles on pp. 22-23.
128 29. Art: fill the gaps to form expressions
from the article on Orpen on pp. 50-53.
30. Etymology: reading comprehension. Answer
these questions about infantilization (pp. 72-73)
31. Sports: interpret these tennis scores (p. 62).
129 32. Fashion: a varied exercise relating to the article
on shoe-designer Manolo Blahnik on pp. 54-57.
33. Word Building: practice the
morphology from p. 84.
130 34. idioms: fill the gaps in this
exercise relating to pp. 74-77
35. Mockney: test your understanding
of Jamie-isms with this listening
exercise, relating to pp. 46-47.
131-133 ANSWERS
YES 9 | 111
5. Prepositions. Read the article on the Bluestockings on pp. 34-38. Below we offer an article about these 18th-century
women from www.basbleu.com (slightly adapted). However, we have removed all 44 prepositions in the text. See
if you can replace them so that the text makes sense. In some cases there is no correct preposition and the gap
should remain empty:

1____ the 1700s, wearing warm-and-woolly dark blue worsted stockings – rather than the black silk stockings 2____
formal, citified fashion – was the equivalent 3____ wearing jeans today. It was the common denominator 4____ casual
dress. But how did the term bluestocking come to mean ‘a literary woman’?

Scholars tell 5____ us that the relationship 6______ society and stockings goes as far back as the 1400s, when an elite
salon 7____ learned Venetians were labeled della calza (literally “of the stocking”) because 8____ their elaborately
embroidered leg coverings. 9____ the late 1500s, the fashion had spread 10____ Paris where the term bas bleu (bas =
stocking; bleu = blue) emerged to describe women 11_____ literary aspirations.

The English term ‘bluestocking’ meaning a literary woman evolved 12____ the mid-to-late 1700s. Women 13____ society
were beginning to express their boredom 14____ being sent 15____ to do their embroidery, rather than being invited to
engage 16____ conversation 17____ the men. Elizabeth Carter wrote: “As if the two sexes had been 18____ a state 19____
war, the gentlemen ranged themselves 20____ one side 21____ the room, where they talked their own talk, and left us
poor ladies to amuse each other, 22____ conversing as we could. 23_____ what little I could overhear, our opposites
were discoursing 24____ the old English poets, and this subject did not seem so much beyond a female capacity.”

25____ about 1750, Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu and her friends founded the first official bluestocking society 26____
England. They invited learned men to gather informally 27_____ them to talk 28_____ books, literature, art and
architecture, as well as places and events that interested 29____ them.

The story goes that this literary salon wore more practical country clothing, most notably their blue worsted stockings.
Hence, the term ‘bluestocking’. Perhaps to show off their knowledge of French, the members 30____ the club often
referred 31____ themselves as “Bas Bleu”.

James Boswell, the renowned biographer 32____ Dr. Samuel Johnson and contemporary 33____ Mrs. Montagu, wrote:
“... the fashion 34____ several ladies to have evening assemblies, where the fair sex might participate 35____
conversation 36____ literary and ingenious men... were denominated Bluestocking Clubs.”

Although many prominent men 37____ letters frequented the early bluestocking gatherings – and, 38____ fact, Mr.
Benjamin Stillingfleet is said to be the first person to have worn blue stockings 39____ a meeting – Bluestocking came
to be associated 40_____ women.

The term’s connotation is often less than positive: bluestockings are sometimes pictured as unfeminine, pedantic,
humourless, and self-important. But the letters 41____ the original Bluestockings paint a distinctly different picture.
R. Brimley Johnson concludes 42____ the introduction 43____ his 1926 book, Bluestocking Letters: “Always ladies,
never pedants, they regarded life 44_____ intelligence and common sense, formed their own opinions, followed their
own tastes.”

YES 9 | 115
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134 | YES 9
In the Next Volume of
Your English Supplement

Feature:

THE
NIGHT
Science
The Science of Sleep

Photography
Snapping spirits:
Ectoplasms, orbs,
pareidolias and more

Psychology
Hallucinations
Photo by Josh Tampico

Literature
The Knights who Killed
the Middle Ages

Cinema
Secrets of the
Movie Industry

False Friends
Literary false friends

Idioms
Things that go bump
in the night

Travel
Bali:
Island Paradise
...and much more.
Photo by Bill Cooley