Telecommunications &

Networking

Dewi Sartika, SST.,MM

Computer Network
A computer network is a system that connects
computers and other devices (example printers)
via communications media so that data and
information can be transmitted among them.

Computer networks can range from a local

network area to a wide area network. The
difference between the types of networks is the
size. These types of computer networks work at
certain speeds, also known as broadband. The
Internet network can connect computer
worldwide.
 LOCAL AREA
NETWORK (LAN)
A local area network (LAN) connects two or more
devices in a limited geographical region, usually
within the same building, so that every device on
the network can communicate with every other
device.
Most LANs are controlled by a central file server
that takes care of network communications,
security control and the storage of data files.
Wide Area
Networks (WAN)
When businesses have to transmit and receive data
beyond the confines of the LAN, they use wide area
networks. Interestingly, the term wide area network
did not even exist until local area networks appeared.
Before that time, what we call a wide area network
today was simply called a “network.”
WANs have large capacity, and they typically combine
multiple channels. The Internet is an example of a
WAN.
THE INTERNET AND THE
WORLD WIDE WEB
Internet enables people to access data in other organizations
and to communicate, collaborate, and exchange information
seamlessly around the world, quickly and inexpensively. Thus,
the Internet has become a necessity for modern businesses.
Organizations must pay a small fee if they wish to register their
names, and they need to have their own hardware and software
to operate their internal networks.
 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Many people equate the Internet
with the World Wide Web.
However, they are not the same
thing. The Internet functions as a
transport mechanism, whereas the
World Wide Web is an application
that uses those transport
functions. Other applications, such
as e-mail, also run on the Internet.
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a
system of universally accepted
standards for storing, retrieving,
formatting, and displaying information
via a client/server architecture. The
Web handles all types of digital
information, including text,
hypermedia, graphics, and sound.
Users access the Web primarily
through software applications
called browsers. Browsers
provide a graphical front end that
enables users to point-and-click
their way across the Web, a
process called surfing.
NETWORK
APPLICATIONS There are network applications including discovery,
communication, collaboration, e-learning and distance
learning, virtual universities, and telecommuting. These
applications, however, are merely a sampling of the
many network applications currently available to users.
Even if these applications formed an exhaustive list
today, they would not do so tomorrow when something
new will be developed.
Further, placing network applications in categories is
difficult because there will always be borderline cases.
For example, the difference between chat rooms (in the
communications category) and teleconference (in the
collaboration category) is only one of degree.
NETWORK
APPLICATIONS
1 . Discovery
Discovery .involves
Discovery
browsing
involves and
browsing
informationand information
retrieval,
and retrieval,
provides and
users
provides
the ability
userstothe
view
ability
information
to view information
in in
databases,
databases, download
downloadit, and/or
it, and/orprocess
process it. Discovery
it. Discoverytools
tools
include
include
search
searchengines,
engines,directories,
directories,
andandportals.
portals.
Discovery
Discovery
tools
tools
enable
enablebusiness
businessusers
usersto to
efficiently
efficientlyfindfind
needed
needed
information
information.
2 . Communication.
Communication. Networks
Networks provide
provide fast,
fast, inexpensive
inexpensive
communications,
communications,viavia
e-mail,
e-mail,
callcall
centers,
centers,
chatchat
rooms,
rooms,voice
voice
communications,
communications,andand
blogs.
blogs.
Communications
Communications tools
tools
provide
provide
business
business
users
users
with
with
a seamless
a seamless interface
interface
among
among team
team
members,
members,
colleagues,
colleagues,
business
business partners,
partners,
and and
customers.
customers.
NETWORK
APPLICATIONS
3 . Collaboration.
Discovery involves
Refersbrowsing
to mutualandefforts
information
by tworetrieval,
or more
and entities
provides
(individuals,
users thegroups,
ability to
orview
companies)
information
who in work
databases,
together download
to accomplish
it, and/or
tasks.process
Collaboration
it. Discovery
is enabled
toolsby
include
work-flow
searchsystems.
engines,Collaboration
directories, and
tools
portals.
enableDiscovery
business
tools
users
enable
to collaborate
business users
with colleagues,
to efficiently
business
find needed
partners, and
information
customers.
4 . E-learning.
Communication.
RefersNetworks
to learningprovide
supported
fast, by
inexpensive
the Web.
communications,
Distance learningviarefers
e-mail,tocall
anycenters,
learningchat
situation
rooms, invoice
which
communications,
teachers and students
and blogs.
do Communications
not meet face-to-face.tools provide
E-learning
business
provides
users
tools
with
for abusiness
seamless users
interface
to enable
among their
team
lifelong
members,
learning.colleagues, business partners, and customers.
NETWORK
APPLICATIONS
5 . Virtual
Discovery
Universities.
involves browsing
Are onlineand universities
informationin which
retrieval,
students
and take
provides
classesusers
via the
theInternet
ability toatview
homeinformation
or an off-site
in location.
databases,
Virtual universities
download make
it, and/or
it possible
processfor
it. students
Discoverytotools
obtain
include
degrees
search
whileengines,
working directories,
full time, thus
andincreasing
portals. Discovery
their value to
tousiness
their firms.
users to efficiently find needed information
6 .Telecommuting
Communication.isNetworks
the process
provide
whereby
fast,knowledge
inexpensiveworkers
communications,
are able to workvia
anywhere
e-mail, call
andcenters,
anytime.chat
Telecommuting
rooms, voice
communications,
provides flexibility
andforblogs.
employees,
Communications
with manytools
benefits
provide
and
business
some drawbacks.
users with a seamless interface among team
members, colleagues, business partners, and customers.