University of Technology and Education

Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Lecture:
DIGITAL SYSTEMS
Chapter 2:
Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra

Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Thanh Hai, PhD

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University of Technology and Education
Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra

Boolean Theorems
x
0
(1) x 0 = 0 0
x
x
(2) x 1 = x 1
x
x
(3) xx = x
x
0
(4) xx = 0
Notice: x or y or any letters used in digital systems considered as containing
0/1. To easily understand, you can respectively replace 0/1 for checking them.
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Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Thanh Hai, PhD
University of Technology and Education
Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra

Boolean Theorems
x
(5) x+0=x x
0
x
(6) x+1=1 1
1
x
(7) x+x=x x

x
(8) x+x=1 1

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Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Thanh Hai, PhD
University of Technology and Education
Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra

Multivariable Theorems
(9) x y  yx
Commutative laws
(10) x y  yx

(11) x  ( y  z )  ( x  y)  z  x  y  z
Associative laws
(12) x( yz )  ( xy ) z  xyz

(13a) x( y  z )  xy  xz Distributive laws

(13b) (w+x)( y  z )  wy  xy  wz  xz
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Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Thanh Hai, PhD
University of Technology and Education
Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra

Multivariable Theorems

(14) x  xy  x *
* Using cases
(15a) x  xy  x  y *

Proving x  x y  ( x  xy )  x  y  ( x  xy )
(x  y)  (x  y)

(15b) x  xy  x  y
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Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Thanh Hai, PhD
University of Technology and Education
Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra

DeMorgan’s Theorems

The OR sum of two variables is inverted

(16) ( x  y)  x  y

The AND product of two variables is inverted

(17) ( x  y)  x  y

You can replace x/y=0/1 to prove expressions. For

example, x=0/1 and inverting x=1/0,
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Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Thanh Hai, PhD
University of Technology and Education
Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra

The End

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Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Thanh Hai, PhD