FOR BACKGROUND

The Philippines is in the midst of a six-year PUV-modernization plan, which aims to replace old jeepney
units with low-emission and fuel-efficient vehicles to help reduce air pollution and provide better
transportation means for commuters.

In a nutshell, the modernization agenda aims to effect a transition from current vehicles plying the road
to “high-quality public-transit requisites.” The transportation department listed these items as follows:
“higher capacity vehicles, low-emission vehicles, fleet consolidation, reformed business model and an
effective information-technology system.

https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/05/05/political-will-drives-puv-modernization/#:~:text=A
%20baseline%20jeepney%20has%20a,economy%20of%2010.05%20km%2FL

And PUVs are huge contributors to the air pollution in the Philippines, as these vehicles are often
powered by old and dilapidated diesel engines, thus, emitting particulate matters such as carbon
monoxide, nitrogen, sulphur oxide and carbon dioxide.

A baseline jeepney has a fuel economy of only 5.65 kilometers per liter (km/L), much lower than the
standard for engines running on new technologies that have a fuel economy of 10.05 km/L.

Under the program to modernize the iconic Filipino jeepney, the government requires drivers and
operators to use vehicles equipped with low-emission Euro 4 technology.

Based on current market prices readily available on the Web, a vehicle with such technology ranges
from P1 million to P1.5 million.