CE571

Week 4 DSM for frames

Dr Alessandro Tombari
 Module Introduction
Week 4 Direct Stiffness Method for Frames
In your Session summary and
 Use ADINA to solve the Truss of your
own time learning outcomes: AT
coursework
before
1st This class introduces the
In class - Lecture 4: Direct Stiffness Method: Frames
March frame element and the
schedule Use this link to access the MS Teams session: AT
2–4pm use of the DSM for frame
d MS TEAMS link
structures.

Activity: By the end of this week,

Guided
 Complete the individual assignment by you will be able to solve
independ AT
applying the DSM of your frame structure any type of frame
ent study
structures

Chapter 3: Plane frame Chapter 12:

Beam analysis using the
stiffness method

Gianluca Ranzi, and Raymond Ian

Gilbert. Structural Analysis :
Principles, Methods and Modelling.
CRC Press, 2015.
 Module Introduction
Coursework progresses

 You should have identified the type of truss linked to your student number and
start defining the material properties, the geometry, the load and the pre-sizing
of the elements
 Define the stiffness matrices for each bar/truss (step 1)
 Create in ADINA the roof of your building

Check the coursework brief!

 DSM for Frames
Methodology
Local stiffness
Discretization matrix of each
element

Numbering Definition of the nodes

Mapping from local to

Transformation global using
transformation matrix
Assembly Sum up of all element
global stiffness matrices

Application of Modified global stiffness

Boundary Conditions matrix of the system

Solving Obtain displacements

Post-processing
 DSM for Frames
Definition of the beam element

• Definition of the beam element

Beam
A beam/frame element is a structural element subjected to an external load applied
perpendicularly to its longitudinal axis

Several methods can be adopted:

• Force/flexibility method
• Slope/deflection method
• Virtual work
• Displacement/Stiffness method
 DSM for Frames
Definition of the (plane) beam element

𝑣𝑣1𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣2𝑘𝑘
t element k
1 2
𝜑𝜑1𝑘𝑘 𝜑𝜑2𝑘𝑘

s
nodes
Local
coordinate
𝑣𝑣1𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣2𝑘𝑘
𝜑𝜑2𝑘𝑘 Degrees of freedom
𝜑𝜑1𝑘𝑘

𝑉𝑉1𝑘𝑘
1 𝑉𝑉2𝑘𝑘
𝑀𝑀1𝑘𝑘 element k 2
Forces at
nodes
𝑀𝑀2𝑘𝑘
 DSM for Frames
Definition of the beam element

𝑣𝑣1𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣2𝑘𝑘
1 element k
𝜑𝜑1𝑘𝑘 2 𝜑𝜑2𝑘𝑘

nodes

𝑉𝑉1 𝑘𝑘11 𝑘𝑘12 𝑘𝑘13 𝑘𝑘14 𝑣𝑣1

𝑀𝑀1 𝑘𝑘21 𝑘𝑘22 𝑘𝑘23 𝑘𝑘24 𝜑𝜑1
= 𝑣𝑣2
𝑉𝑉2 𝑘𝑘31 𝑘𝑘32 𝑘𝑘33 𝑘𝑘34
𝑀𝑀2 𝑘𝑘41 𝑘𝑘42 𝑘𝑘43 𝑘𝑘44 𝜑𝜑2
𝐾𝐾𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
 DSM for Frames
Definition of the beam element

• Application of the Direct Stiffness method

In the direct stiffness method, we calculate the response of the element under a
displacement applied to one degree of freedom by keeping the remaining ones as
zeros. In turn, repeat the process for each degree of freedom

𝑉𝑉1 𝑘𝑘11 𝑘𝑘12 𝑘𝑘13 𝑘𝑘14 𝑣𝑣1

𝑀𝑀1 𝑘𝑘21 𝑘𝑘22 𝑘𝑘23 𝑘𝑘24 𝜑𝜑1
= 𝑣𝑣2
𝑉𝑉2 𝑘𝑘31 𝑘𝑘32 𝑘𝑘33 𝑘𝑘34
𝑀𝑀2 𝑘𝑘41 𝑘𝑘42 𝑘𝑘43 𝑘𝑘44 𝜑𝜑2

The elements are values of stiffness of the beam and are called member
stiffness influence coefficients
 DSM for Frames
Definition of the beam element

𝑣𝑣1𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣2𝑘𝑘
1 element k
𝜑𝜑1𝑘𝑘 2 𝜑𝜑2𝑘𝑘

nodes

𝑉𝑉1 𝑘𝑘11 𝑘𝑘12 𝑘𝑘13 𝑘𝑘14 1

𝑀𝑀1 𝑘𝑘21 𝑘𝑘22 𝑘𝑘23 𝑘𝑘24 0
=
𝑉𝑉2 𝑘𝑘31 𝑘𝑘32 𝑘𝑘33 𝑘𝑘34 0
𝑀𝑀2 𝑘𝑘41 𝑘𝑘42 𝑘𝑘43 𝑘𝑘44 0
 DSM for Frames

Gianluca Ranzi, and Raymond Ian Gilbert.

Structural Analysis : Principles, Methods
and Modelling. CRC Press, 2015.
 DSM for Frames
Definition of the beam element
 DSM for Frames
Definition of the beam element

hand-workings
attached in
MyStudies
 DSM for Frames
Definition of the beam element
 DSM for Frames
Definition of the beam element

Local stiffness matrix of the beam/frame

𝐾𝐾𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏

Gianluca Ranzi, and Raymond Ian Gilbert.

Structural Analysis : Principles, Methods
and Modelling. CRC Press, 2015.
 DSM for Frames
Definition of the beam element

𝑣𝑣1𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣2𝑘𝑘
1 element k
𝜑𝜑1𝑘𝑘 2 𝜑𝜑2𝑘𝑘

𝑢𝑢1𝑘𝑘 𝑢𝑢2𝑘𝑘

nodes

Axial behaviour is independent from the flexural behaviour!

 DSM for Frames
Definition of the beam-bar element

beam

zeros

𝐾𝐾𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 −𝐾𝐾𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
zeros −𝐾𝐾𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝐾𝐾𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
bar
 DSM for Frames
Transformation
Transformation is the process to map an element defined in the local system to
itself in the global system (allowing connectivity with other elements)

t
y

Local s
𝑢𝑢1𝑘𝑘 𝑢𝑢2𝑘𝑘 Global x
coordinate coordinate
𝑣𝑣𝑗𝑗
𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗
𝑣𝑣1𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣2𝑘𝑘 j 𝑢𝑢𝑗𝑗
1 element k
𝜑𝜑1𝑘𝑘 2 𝜑𝜑2𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖
DOFs in the
𝜑𝜑𝑖𝑖 global
𝑢𝑢1𝑘𝑘 𝑢𝑢2𝑘𝑘 i 𝑢𝑢𝑖𝑖 coordinate
i,j,…, are the number of the node assigned
during the numbering (global system)
 DSM for Frames
Transformation (example)
element k

𝑣𝑣1𝑘𝑘
0
0 1 0 0 0
𝑇𝑇 (𝑘𝑘)
𝜑𝜑1𝑘𝑘 0 0 1 0 0 0

𝑣𝑣2𝑘𝑘 0 0 0 0 1 0

𝜑𝜑2𝑘𝑘 0 0 0 0 0 1

𝑢𝑢𝑖𝑖 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 𝜑𝜑𝑖𝑖 𝑢𝑢𝑗𝑗 𝑣𝑣𝑗𝑗 𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗

𝑣𝑣1𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣2𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 𝑣𝑣𝑗𝑗
element k 𝜑𝜑𝑖𝑖 𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗
1 2
𝜑𝜑1𝑘𝑘 𝜑𝜑2𝑘𝑘
i 𝑢𝑢𝑖𝑖 j 𝑢𝑢𝑗𝑗
 DSM for Frames
Transformation (example)

𝑢𝑢1𝑘𝑘 = 𝑢𝑢𝑖𝑖 cos 𝛼𝛼 + 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 sin 𝛼𝛼

𝑣𝑣1𝑘𝑘 = −𝑢𝑢𝑖𝑖 sin 𝛼𝛼 + 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 cos 𝛼𝛼

𝑣𝑣𝑗𝑗
𝑣𝑣𝑗𝑗 𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗
𝑣𝑣1𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣2𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 j 𝑢𝑢𝑗𝑗
element k 𝜑𝜑𝑖𝑖
1 2
𝜑𝜑1𝑘𝑘 𝜑𝜑2𝑘𝑘 𝛼𝛼
i 𝑢𝑢𝑖𝑖
 DSM for Frames
Transformation (example)
element k

𝑣𝑣1𝑘𝑘
0
− sin 𝛼𝛼 cos 𝛼𝛼 0 0 0
𝑇𝑇 (𝑘𝑘)
𝜑𝜑1𝑘𝑘 0 0 1 0 0 0

𝑣𝑣2𝑘𝑘 0 0 0 − sin 𝛼𝛼 cos 𝛼𝛼 0

𝜑𝜑2𝑘𝑘 0 0 0 0 0 1
𝑣𝑣𝑗𝑗
𝑢𝑢𝑖𝑖 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 𝜑𝜑𝑖𝑖 𝑢𝑢𝑗𝑗 𝑣𝑣𝑗𝑗 𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗 𝜑𝜑𝑗𝑗
𝑣𝑣1𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣2𝑘𝑘 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 j 𝑢𝑢𝑗𝑗
element k 𝜑𝜑𝑖𝑖
1 2
𝜑𝜑1𝑘𝑘 𝜑𝜑2𝑘𝑘 𝛼𝛼
i 𝑢𝑢𝑖𝑖
 Homework
Model the following truss through beam elements (no hinges)

P=100 kN

E=2.1E11𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎

Bars have
5m circular cross-
section with
r=0.05𝑚𝑚

5m 5m
 Homework
Next lecture

Week 5 ADINA pre-processing and post-processing of Frames

In your Session summary and
 Start solving the second part of your
own time learning outcomes: AT
individual coursework
before
8th In class - Lecture 5: ADINA for Frames This class introduces the
March schedule Use this link to access the MS Teams session: beam element. AT
2–4pm d MS TEAMS link
Activity: By the end of this week,
 Use ADINA to solve the second part of you will be able to set up a
Guided
your individual coursework correct model of frame
independ AT
 Watch the video: FEM of a Frame in structures in ADINA (LO4)
ent study
ADINA