CHAPTER 4: MATRICES

ADDITION OF MATRICES

A. Find the sum of the following matrices.

3 4 6 −3 −8 5
1. ( )+( ) 2. ( )+( ) 3. ( )+( )
2 3 −7 2 4 0

7 4 −4 3 7 0 −1 8
4. ( )+( ) 5. ( )+( )
−3 1 2 8 −5 2 −2 4

SUBTRACTION OF MATRICES

B. Find the difference of the following matrices.

8 1 5 1 0 1
1. ( )−( ) 2. ( ) − ( ) 3. ( )−( )
5 4 0 3 −6 2

5 2 1 2 1 5 2 8
4. ( )−( ) 5. ( )−( )
6 8 2 3 −4 3 0 −2

MULTIPLICATION OF MATRICES

C. Find the product of the following matrices.

4 𝑚
1. 3( ) 2. 5( )
5 𝑛

2 −1 3 −𝑝
3. 4( ) 4. 2( )
3 1 𝑞 𝑞+2

𝑘 1 2
5. 𝑘( ) 6. (3 −1) ( )
2 −3 5

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0 3 −1 1
7. ( ) (4 3) 8. ( )( )
1 4 2 3

2 1 1 −3 −2 3 1 0
9. ( )( ) 10. ( )( )
−1 0 2 3 1 4 0 1

2 3 5 0 2 1 3 2
11. ( )( ) 12. ( )( )
1 4 2 1 5 4 1 8

D. Find the matrix 𝑀 for each of the following matrix equation:

2 4 −2 0
1. 3( ) +𝑀 = ( ) 2. ( )−𝑀 = ( )
1 7 5 3

0 −1 1 2 2 1 6 −3
3. 2( )+𝑀 =( ) 4. 3( )+𝑀 =( )
3 5 −4 8 3 0 4 1

E. Find the values of 𝑚 and 𝑛.

𝑚 4 6 2 −2 8
1. ( ) (2 𝑛) = ( ) 2. ( ) (−1 𝑛) = ( )
3 6 9 𝑚 1 −4

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𝑚 −6 −8 1
3. ( ) (𝑛 4) = ( ) 4. (2 3) ( ) = 4
3 9 12 𝑚

IDENTITY MATRIX, 𝐼

F. Find the product of the following matrices.

1 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 5 1
1. ( )( ) 2. ( )( ) 3. ( )𝐼
3 4 0 1 3 4 1 0 2 4

INVERSE OF MATRICES

G. Find the inverse of the following matrices.

3 4 3 −5 1 1
1. 𝐴 = ( ) 2. 𝐵=( ) 3. 𝐶=( )
1 2 1 −2 −3 1

4 1 6 5 3 1
4. 𝐸=( ) 5. 𝐹=( ) 6. 𝐺=( )
6 2 3 2 8 4

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3 −2 4 −3 3 1
7. 𝐻=( ) 8. 𝐽=( ) 9. 𝐾=( )
4 1 2 1 4 −1

SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS USING MATRICES

H. Find the value of 𝑥 and of 𝑦 for each of the following.

1. 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 23 2. 4𝑥 − 𝑦 = 7
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 4 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = −2

3. 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 4 4. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −5 𝑥 + 5𝑦 = −6

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5. 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −8 6. 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 10 6𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 9

I. Solve the following problems.

−4 2 2
1. ( ) +3( ) = 2. ( ) (3 −2) =
7 −1 1
A.
−2
( ) B. (
−2
) A. (4) B. (
6 −4
)
6 4 3 −2
C.
2
( ) D.
2
( ) C. (6 −2) D. (
2 3
)
8 4 1 −2

4 6 4. Given that 3(1 −2) + 𝐹 = (4 6), then 𝐹 =

3. (1 2 −1) ( 2 0) =
−3 2
A.
11
( ) B. (11 4) A. (3 8) B. (1 8)
4
C.
5
( ) D. (5 4) C. (1 12) D. (7 0)
4

1 4
−2 6. Given that (2𝑝 5) ( 4 ) = (11), find the value of 𝑝.
5. (−2 3) ( ) = −1
1
0 2
2 −2 4 A. 1 B.
1
A. (−1 ) B. ( 4 3) 2
2 0 2
2 4 −2 C. 2 D.
1
C. (7 ) D. (3 4 ) 4
2 2 0

𝑦 3 2 1 0
7. Given that (−2 𝑦) ( ) = (36), find the value of 𝑦. 8. ( ) − 2( )=
6 −6 4 −2 5
A. 4 B. 9 A. (
2 2
) B. (
1 0
)
−4 −1 −2 −1
C. 6 D. 18 C. (
1 2
) D. (
1 0
)
−2 −6 −4 2

5 3 1 −8 3 1 2
9. ( )−( )+ ( )= 10. ( )( ) =
2 −4 2 6 0 −4 −1
−6 −2 5 6 2
A. ( ) B. ( ) A. ( ) B. ( )
9 1 4 0 −8
−6 −2 7 6 −1
C. ( ) D. ( ) C. ( ) D. ( )
1 9 6 0 4

1 2 1 −1 2 0
11. 2 ( )−( )= 12. Given that (𝑝 4) ( ) = (12 4), the value of 𝑝 is
5 3 0 8 −𝑝 1
A. (
0 3
) B. (
1 3
) A. 2 B. −4
5 −5 10 −5
C. (
1 5
) D. (
0 3
) C. 3 D. −6
10 −2 5 −2

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𝑥 1 −8 7 1 3 −1 −2 1
13. Given that ( ) − 3 ( ) = ( ). Find the value of 𝑥 and of 𝑦. 14. ( ) + 2( )−( )=
2 −4 𝑦 5 2 2 0 −4 3
A. 𝑥 = −5 , 𝑦 = 6 B. 𝑥 = −7 , 𝑦 = 6 A. (
15 −2
) B. (
11 −2
)
13 −1 5 −1
C. 𝑥 = −5 , 𝑦 = 14 D. 𝑥 = −7 , 𝑦 = 14 C. (
15 0
) D. (
11 0
)
13 5 5 5

15. (3 −4 1) − (2 1 −5) + 3(−1 0 2) =

A. (0 −5 8) B. (−2 4 8)

C. (0 4 2) D. (−2 −5 12)

16. It is given that matrix 𝐻 = (

7 −4
). (b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a
4 −2 matrix equation.
(a) Find the inverse matrix of 𝐻. 7𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 23
4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 13
Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of 𝑥 and of 𝑦.

17. Given that (

1 −5
)𝑀 = (
1 0
), find the matrix 𝑀. (a) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a
1 −3 0 1 matrix equation.
𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 18
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 14
Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of 𝑥 and of 𝑦.

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18. Given that (

2 1
)𝑁 = (
1 0
), where 𝑁 is a 2 × 2 matrix. (b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a
3 4 0 1 matrix equation.
(a) Find 𝑁. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 10
Hence, using matrices, calculate the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦.

19. The inverse matrix of (

2 −3
) is 𝑚 (
−1 3
). (b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a
2 −1 −2 𝑛 matrix equation:
(a) Find the value of 𝑚 and of 𝑛. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 5
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3
Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of 𝑥 and of 𝑦.

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20. It is given that 𝑀 = (

3 𝑘
). (c) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a
4 2 matrix equation.
(a) Find the value of 𝑘 if 𝑀 has no inverse matrix. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = −3
4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2
Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of 𝑥 and of 𝑦.

(b) If 𝑘 = 1, find the inverse matrix of 𝑀.

21. Given that 𝑡 (

2 −1 3
)(
1
)=(
1 0
), find the values of 𝑡 (a) Hence, using matrices, calculate the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦
4 3 𝑟 2 0 1 2 −1 𝑥 11
and 𝑟. which satisfy the matrix equation ( ) (𝑦) = ( ).
4 3 −3

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22. The inverse matrix of (

5 3 1
) is (
2 −3
). (b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a
4 2 𝑚 −4 𝑛 matrix equation.
(a) Find the value of 𝑚 and of 𝑛. 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1
4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2
Hence, using matrices, calculate the values of 𝑥 and of 𝑦.

23. It is given that matrix 𝐴 = (

5 −4
) and matrix 𝐵 = (b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a
3 −2 matrix equation.
𝑞 4 1 0
𝑝( ) such that 𝐴𝐵 = ( ). 5𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 12
−3 5 0 1 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 8
(a) Find the values of 𝑝 and 𝑞.
Hence, calculate the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 using matrices.

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𝑘 2 2 −4 (b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a

24. It is given that ( 1 1) is the inverse matrix of −1
( ). matrix equation.
2
3
(a) Find the value of 𝑘. 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 14
−𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −9
Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of 𝑥 and of 𝑦.

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