 TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED

1. Introduction (Brief History or Overview)

2. 1872 Cavity Mutiny: Spanish Perspective
3. A response to Injustice: The Filipino version of the incident
4. Execution of the three priest---GOMBURZA
5. Comparison of the historical details
6. Unravelling the truth
7. Conclusion

1. Introduction-The two faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny

>The year 1872
- It is a historic year of two events: The Cavite Mutiny and the Martyrdom of the
three priest:
Mariano Gomez
Jose Burgos
Jacinto Zamora (with pics)
-These events are very important milestones in Philippine history and have
caused ripples throughout time, directly influencing the decisive events of the
Philippine Revolution toward the end of the century.
2. 1872 Cavite Mutiny: Spanish Perspective
>Account of Jose Montero y Vidal (with picture and brief profile)
-The Cavite mutiny is an aim of natives to get rid of the Spanish government in
the Philippines, due to the removal of privileges enjoyed by the laborers of the
Cavite arsenal such as exemption from the tribute and forced labor.

>Account of Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo y Gutierrez (with picture

and brief profile)
-He insisted that the mutiny is stimulated and prepared by the native clergy,
mestizos and lawyers as a signal of objection against the injustices of the
government such as not paying provinces for tobacco crops, pay tribute and
rendering of forced labor.

>The two Spaniards deemed that the event of 1872 was planned earlier and was
thought of it as a big conspiracy among educated leaders, mestizos, abogadillos
or native lawyers, residents of Manila and Cavite and the native clergy.

> According to the accounts of the two, on 20 January 1872, the district of
Sampaloc celebrated the feast of the Virgin of Loreto, unfortunately participants
to the feast celebrated the occasion with the usual fireworks displays.
>When the news reached the iron-fisted Gov. Ixquierdo, he readily ordered the
reinforcement of the Spanish forces in Cavite to quell the revolt.
 > On 17 February 1872 in an attempt of the Spanish government and
Frailocracia to instill fear among the Filipinos so that they may never commit
such daring act again, the GOMBURZA were executed.
3. A Response to Injustice: The Filipino version of the Incident
>Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo de Tavera (with brief profile and picture)
- Intentioned to deprive the friars of the power of intervention in the government
and of the directions and management of the university.
-Friars felt fearful of losing their power in the Government and in education
sector.
-The Filipinos did not want separation, at first, from Spain but only to secure
materials and education advancement for the country.
-It was mentioned that the mutiny was composed of soldiers and laborers of the
Cavite arsenal.
-General Izquerdo saw the defiance as an act of smokescreen by the Filipinos to
produce a political hub.
-According to this account, the Cavite Mutiny was used by Spanish friars and by
Izquerdo to address other issues by blowing out of proportion the isolated mutiny
attempt.
-The friars also used the mutiny as an opportunity to prove their continuing
dominance in the country by showing off their connection with God.
4. Execution of the three priest---GOMBURZA
-This event is meaningful to the following Filipinos – Gomburza [an acronym
denoting the surnames of the priests Mariano Gómez, José Apolonio Burgos,
and Jacinto Zamora, three Filipino priests who were executed on 17 February
1872 at Bagumbayan in Manila, Philippines by Spanish colonial authorities on
charges of subversion arising from the 1872 Cavite mutiny. Their execution left a
profound effect on many Filipinos; José Rizal, the national hero, would dedicate
his novel El filibusterismo to their memory]
-Mariano Gomez – born on August 2, 1799 at Santa Cruz Manila by Marina
Guard and Francisco Gomez, he was designated as head priest in Cavite in
1824 and was a member of GOMBURZA later on. He was executed during the
Cavite Mutiny in 1872. (With picture)
-Jose Apolonio Burgos – was a Filipino mestizo secular priest, accused of
mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in the Philippines in the 19th century
(wiki) he was born on February 9 1837 by Florencia Garcia and Don Jose Burgos
 in Vigan Ilocos Sur. He was executed along with Mariano Gomez and Jacinto
Zamora. (With picture)
-Jacinto Zamora – born August 14, 1835 in Manila. He was placed in a mock
trial and summarily executed in Manila along with two other clergymen. He was a
Roman Catholic priest. The Gomburza execution was carried out on February
17, 1872 at Bagumbayan Field in Manila during Cavite mutiny in the 19th
century. (With picture)

-The three priests were stripped of their albs, and with chained hands and feet
were brought to their cells after their sentence. They received numerous visits
from folks coming from Cavite, Bulacan, and elsewhere. Forty thousand Filipinos
came to Luneta to witness and quietly condemn the execution, and Gomburza
became a rallying catchword for the down-trodden Filipinos seeking justice and
freedom from Spain.

5. Comparison of the Historical details

Spanish Version
20 January 1872 at 9:30 in the
evening In the night of 20
January 1872
Native clergy: Jose Burgos,
Jacinto
Zamora, Mariano Gomez,
Francisco
Saldua and several other
Filipino
priests
Antonio Maria Regidor, Joaquin
Pardo de Tavera, Pedro Carillo,
Gervacio Sanchez, Jose
Mauricio de
Leon, Enrique Paraiso, Jose
Basa,
Pio Basa, Crisanto Reyes,
Maximo
Paterno and several other
Filipinos
Sergeant La Madrid
-Liberal ideas from Europe
disseminated by the illustrados
studying in Spain.
Circumstances Filipino Version
Date happened in the evening In the night of 20
January 1872
Sergeant La Madrid,(clergy) Jose
Burgos, Jacinto Zamora, Mariano
Gomez, P. Mendoza, Guevarra,
Mariano Sevilla, Feliciano
Gomez,
People Involved Ballesteros, Jose Basa,
(lawyers) Carillo, Basa, Enriquez,
Crisanto Reyes, Maximo Paterno,
Antonio M. Regidor, Joaquin
Pardo de Tavera and others
Reason/s of -Harsh policy of the despotic
Mutiny governor and captain general
Rafael de Izquierdo abolishing
-Revolt to overthrow the their privilege of exemption
Spanish from paying annual tribute and
rule to gain independence from rendering forced labor or polo.
monarchial control.
- Abolition of the privileges
enjoyed by the native soldiers
and laborers of the Cavite
arsenal
such as exemption from paying
annual tribute and forced labor
(polo)
Sentence by execution: Sentence by execution:
- 41 rebels (27 January 1872) -Sergeant La Madrid
- Camerino (08 February - GomBurZa
1872) Sentence to life imprisonment
-Jose Burgos, Jacinto to
Zamora, Mariano Gomez, the Marianas Islands:
Francisco Saldua (15 -Antonio M. Regidor
February 1872) - Joaquin Pardo de Tavera
Sentence to life - P. Mendoza
imprisonment: Casualties - Guevarra
-11 rebels (06 February 1872) - Mariano Sevilla
Sentence to ten years - Feliciano Gomez
imprisonment: - Ballesteros
-11 individuals in Guias de la - Jose Basa
Torre -Carillo
Suspended from the practice - Basa
of - Enriquez
law: - Crisanto Reyes
-Jose Basa y Enriquez - Maximo Paterno
- Joaquin Pardo de Tavera
- Antonio M. Regidor
- Pedro Carillo
- Gervasio Sanchez
-Jose Mauricio de Leon
- Carillo
- Basa
- Enriquez
- Crisanto Reyes
- Maximo Paterno
6. Unravelling the Truth
-Considering the four accounts of the 1872 Mutiny, there were some basic facts
that remained to be unvarying:
-First, there was dissatisfaction among the workers of the arsenal as well as the
members of the native army after their privileges were drawn back by Gen.
Izquierdo;
-Second, Gen. Izquierdo introduced rigid and strict policies that made the
Filipinos move and turn away from Spanish government out of disgust;
-Third, the Central Government failed to conduct an investigation on what truly
transpired but relied on reports of Izquierdo and the friars and the opinion of the
public;
-Fourth, the happy days of the friars were already numbered in 1872 when the
Central Government in Spain decided to deprive them of the power to intervene
in government affairs as well as in the direction and management of schools
prompting them to commit frantic moves to extend their stay and power;
-Fifth, the Filipino clergy members actively participated in the secularization
movement in order to allow Filipino priests to take hold of the parishes in the
country making them prey to the rage of the friars;
-Sixth, Filipinos during the time were active participants, and responded to what
they deemed as injustices;
-Lastly, the execution of GOMBURZA was a blunder on the part of the Spanish
government, for the action severed the ill-feelings of the Filipinos and the event
inspired Filipino patriots to call for reforms and eventually independence.

7.Conclusion
The road to independence was rough and tough to toddle, many patriots named
and unnamed shed their bloods to attain reforms and achieve independence. 12
June 1898 may be a glorious event for us, but we should not forget that before
we came across to victory, our forefathers suffered enough. As weenjoy our
freeedom, may we be more historically aware of our past to have a better future
ahead of us. And just like what Elias said in Noli me Tangere, may we “not forget
those who fell during the night.”