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Anti Emetik: Emesis / Muntah
Anti Emetik: Emesis / Muntah
EMETIK
EMESIS / MUNTAH
Nausea
Retching
Ekpulsi
Vestbular system
Cranial nerve IX or X
(5-HT receptor)
Mechanoreceptor Chertoreceptor 5-HT, receptor
Medulla oblongatin
Voming center
KlasifikasiObat
Antiemetik
Selective 5-HT Rec
•Selective •Dopamin receptor
•Selective •Dopamin receptor 5-HT3-
antagonists antagonis
antagonists antagonis 5-HT3-
•Antihistamin •Antihistamin (H1-
(Hblocker)
1- blocker)
•Anticholinegics
•Anticholinegics
•NK1 reseptor •NK1 reseptor
antagonis
antagonis
•Miscellaneous:
antagonists
• • Glucocorticoid
Cannabinoidsptor
•Miscellaneous:
• • Glucocorticoid Cannabinoids
The chemoreceptor trigger zone and ermetic centre
Antagonist @ A Z V LO
5-HT RAS Promethazine Atropine Droperidol NK-1 RA
Muscarinici
Neurokinin-1 Hi Histamine
, Serotonin CB, Cannabinoid O Dopamine
Agonist
5-HT,
Histamine
Muscarinic Dopamine D) Substance P
Cortex
• Sensory input + Anxiety memory 1
• Meningeal irritation
Increased ICP
Perceptor site UZL
VUL
N irogen mustard
9 99
CTZ drugs, metabolic D. SHT, WWW dorsal vagal
complex CB, W
Cisplatin Digoxin glycoside
Chemoreceptor
trigger
postrema
zone
- Opioid, analgesics
CTZ
Vestibular portion of 8th nerve
Mediastinum
H
Emelic
Pavicellular
relicular formation
Vomiting Center
serotonin release from mucosal
enterochromaffin cells + obstruction
(Central Pattern
Generator)
Vestibular
·motion
CNS lesions opioids . aggravates most
nausea
N
GI tract distension - Higher centres (vision, taste) — Pharynx
# olammation
VOAN
Antihistamin (H1-
blocker)
• Menghambat reseptor H1
• Promethazine, Cinnarizine,
Dimenhydrinate,
Diphenhydramine
• Indikasi: motion sickness,
vertigo dan gangguan fungsi
labirin
Antagonis Dopamin
• Metoclopramide – Central →
menghambat reseptor D2 dan 5HT3
di CTZ
(High Dose) – Perifer → “prokinetik”
• Domperidon
– selective dopamine D2 receptor
antagonis – Tidak menembus BBB
Antagonis Reseptor
5HT-3
• Potent antiemetics
• High first pass metabolism
• Excreted by liver & kidney
INDIKASI
• Chemotherapy-Induced
Nausea & Vomiting
• Postoperative Nausea &
Vomiting
• Radiation-Induced Nausea &
Vomiting
Anticholinergics
• Antikolinergik (antimuskarinik,
parasimpatolitik)
• menurunkan motilitas dan sekresi
gastrointestinal
• Mekanisme → menghambat
asetilkolin dan histamin dan asam
hidroklorida.
• Hyoscine (scopolamine)
• motion sickness
Antagonis Reseptor
NK1
• Menghambat ikatan antara
substansi P dengan NK- 1
reseptor secara spesifik
• Aprepitant
• Half-Life: 9-13 hr
• Indikasi
– PNOV: 40 mg PO 3 jam sebelum
induksi anastesi –
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea &
Vomiting
Miscellaneous –
Glucocorticoid → Dexamethasone –
Possible Mechamism:
• Antagonis prostaglandin
• Release endhorphine
• Tryptophan depletion → decrease
serotonin level
• Anti-inflamatory effect – Indikasi –
CINV: 20 mg atau 12 mg (plus
moderate emetogenic
Antagonis Reseptor
5HT-3
• Potent antiemetics
• High first pass metabolism
• Excreted by liver & kidney
INDIKASI
• Chemotherapy-Induced
Nausea & Vomiting
• Postoperative Nausea &
Vomiting
• Radiation-Induced Nausea &
Vomiting
Anticholinergics
• Antikolinergik (antimuskarinik,
parasimpatolitik)
• menurunkan motilitas dan sekresi
gastrointestinal
• Mekanisme → menghambat
asetilkolin dan histamin dan asam
hidroklorida.
• Hyoscine (scopolamine)
• motion sickness
Antagonis Reseptor
NK1
• Menghambat ikatan antara
substansi P dengan NK- 1
reseptor secara spesifik
• Aprepitant
• Half-Life: 9-13 hr
• Indikasi
– PNOV: 40 mg PO 3 jam sebelum
induksi anastesi –
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea &
Vomiting
moderate emetogenic
Chemotherapy Induced
Nausea and Vomiting (CINV)
Medscape
Central pathway
Peripheral pathway
Chemotherapy
Substance P
Serotonin
NK receptor antagonists
5-HT; receptor antagonists
NK, receptors
CINV
5-HT3 receptors
Treatment: Pharmacologic
Treatment: Pharmacologic
Treatment: Behavioral
Delayed
Anticipatory
Day
Day
Pencegahan CINV
• Antagonis Reseptor NK1 – Hari 1: 125
mg PO (1 jam sebelum chemo) atau 115
mg
• IV (30’sebelum chemo) – Hari 2 and 3: 80
mg PO – Plus: corticosteroid (Dexa) and
5-HT3 antagonis
• (ondansetron)
Post Operative Nausea
and Vomiting (PONV)
INDEPENDENT PREDICTORS
Adult Risk Factors
Childron Risk Factors
Consider
Postop opolds
Patentrisk
Plok 1 or 2 Interventions
-YE-1 FOLG
Low
Moderate
High
TERIMA
KASIH